GENEXPERT, BACILOSCOPÍA Y CULTIVOS EN EL DIAGNÓSTICO DE TUBERCULOSIS PULMONAR EN PACIENTES QUE ACUDEN AL HOSPITAL JOSÉ MARÍA VELASCO IBARRA DE TENA

Abstract

The World Health Organization recommends the use of rapid molecular kind tests such as Gene Xpert MTB RIF/ULTRA for the diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis, the same ones that have a high precision, in addition you can perform bacilloscopies and culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that also contribute to the determination of this pathology. In this study, Pulmonary Tuberculosis was identified using Gene Xpert with a quantitative approach, with a descriptive kind of cross-sectional and nonexperimental design employing a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive design. The bacteria were also detected through Ziehl-Neelsen staining, and records of culture results for the pathogen under study were reviewed, subsequently the analysis was carried out, the description of variables and their interrelation. A total of 33 sputum samples were evaluated, 67% of positive samples were determined according to Gene Xpert, and 33% of negative samples, of which resistance to rifampicin was detected in only 0.33%, which suggests a low probability of finding this type of condition in this population. Furthermore, comparing the other microbiological diagnostic techniques against the use of Molecular Biology, a sensitivity of 100% was obtained concerning Baciloscopy and concerning culture 75%, with a specificity of 84.6% for smear microscopy and 80% for culture. A rapid diagnostic algorithm for pulmonary tuberculosis was also designed. One of the main conclusions of this work is that Pulmonary Tuberculosis was identified in a shorter time, approximately 2 hours, through the use of Gene Xpert MTB RIF/ULTRA, resistance to rifampicin was also detected with this test, concerning culture, although it is true that it constitutes the gold standard, it has the limitation of time since several weeks passed from receipt of the sample to the issuance of results. An algorithm was also designed for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis using this rapid automated test, which indicates this test as the beginning of the evaluation of this type of patient.