ACTUALIZACIÓN EN TÉCNICAS DIAGNÓSTICAS DE SALMONELLA SPP

Abstract

This study investigated the different traditional and automated methods for the identification of Salmonella spp and its different strains. Salmonellosis, is an intestinal infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria of the Salmonella genus, has a high prevalence worldwide, being one of the third causes of deaths from food poisoning. It is a zoonotic bacterium that has the ability to spread between animals and humans, colonizes the intestine and is excreted through feces, this being the main vector of contamination. A detailed bibliographic search was used in scientific databases, selecting articles with greater relevance and methodological quality. The findings support the existence of culture media, rapid cassette tests, molecular, immunological and colorimetric techniques, each technique has its advantages and disadvantages such as cost, type of processing, type of technology, response time, sensitivity and specificity, of These comparisons highlight the importance of considering both clinical experience and scientific evidence for an accurate diagnosis. In conclusion, the use of culture media still remains the most used method, due to its easy implementation and low cost, enhanced by the appearance of new culture media such as chromogenic media, which facilitate diagnosis. However, Molecular Biology techniques are considered the Gold Standard for the detection of different analytes and pathogens, due to their high sensitivity and specificity generated in each test (greater than 95%) with a fast response time. These results could help in the development of more effective public health plans for adequate identification of Salmonella spp and its different strains.