Determinación del porcentaje de grasa en los adolescentes de 12 a 18 años asociada a factores socio demográficos

Abstract

Currently, overweight and obesity constitute a global problem that affects the majority of adolescents, particularly in Latin America. In our country, it is estimated that 26% of the population has malnutrition due to excess linked to poor diet and factors that influence their development. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the relationship between fat percentage and associated sociodemographic factors in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. For this reason, a descriptive observational correlational methodology with a transversal, qualitative and quantitative approach was used, with a study sample of 253 students to whom the questionnaire on sociodemographic factors was applied and anthropometric measurements were taken. As a result, it was obtained that the adolescents had an average BMI of 22.24 kg/m²; The majority of adolescents (64.4%) according to the BMI/Age indicator have a normal nutritional status, 3.2% are malnourished and 28.5% are underweight. When we talk about overweight and obesity, the percentages are 3.2% and 0.8% respectively. In Height/Age, a predominance was obtained in normal height (60.9) and large normal height (25.3%). Regarding the percentage of fat, it was found that 64.4% had a normal percentage, 8.7% high and 25.3% very high, being higher in women than in men. In addition, a relationship was obtained between the percentage of fat and sex (p = 0.024), with the female gender predominating; No significant linear relationship was obtained with other sociodemographic data.