Browsing by Author "Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl"

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Análisis de la combustión de un quemador de gas tipo Venturi con premezcla del Laboratorio de Energía de la Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica utilizando simulación CFD mediante el software ANSYS Fluent
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-04) Quinga Hernández, Jefferson Xavier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
In this experimental work the combustion process of the Venturi Burner of the Energy Laboratory of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering is analyzed by means of CFD simulation using the finite volumes method, from a 3D model in CAD software, with volume extraction for mesh discretization, a 2D external domain was finally generated for flame simulation. It was carried out in three stages, in which the first is the generation of mesh geometry and discretization, this was evaluated with the Skewness method, in the second stage the simulations are performed according to different input conditions. The third stage comprises the validation of results. The mesh metric results were values close to zero, suitable for the simulations. High efficiency values were obtained as the speed of the outside air increases, these results are validated with a flame intake using thermography. The shape of the flame was compared, reaching relative errors of less than five percent in terms of isotherm areas. In terms of perimeters and lengths, the error value increased to a value close to ten percent. The maximum temperature reached in the combustion process was from 900 to 1044 Kelvin degrees, where the best efficiency was reached with an isotherm area of 700 Kelvin degrees of 0.047 square meters corresponding to a length of 0.64 meters and a composition air gas from 47 to 53 at the beginning of the mixing zone with a relative position x equal to 0.085 meters.
Análisis de los parámetros de prensado en una máquina pegadora de compresión neumática modelo PZAP con capacidad de 120 pares/dia, para mejorar la calidad de adhesión de suelas en la microempresa “Talleres Lalaleo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Lalaleo Tenelema, Christian Vinicio; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
In the present experimental work, the analysis of the pressing parameters in a pneumatic compression machine was carried out. The parameters that were taken account were pressure, time, material, additive and temperature, a digital thermometer was used to measure the temperature of the sole at the exit of the oven, tests were carried out on gluing with different types of sole "AIR , NICOLE, JORDAN ", the tests in the DIGMIZER software were analyzed in order to find defects or products of low quality, which was considered as a defect to the products that exceed the arithmetic mean of each one of the sheets of consideration, through Graphs of Pressure vs Products of low, could be found find the total number of defects that later served us to determine pressures and adequate times of pressing in addition we qualify a table of quality which gave us to appreciate that quality had each type of footwear being so for AIR sole a pressure of 67 PSI and times of 6 to 12 seconds, acceptable and good qualities, for sole NICOLE a pressure of 80 PSI and times of 6 to 1 2 seconds, acceptable qualities and for JORDAN sole a pressure of 54 PSI and times of 8 to 12 seconds, acceptable and good qualities. The energy consumption of the pneumatic compression machine was analyzed giving us results when pressing the NICOLE sole, at a pressure of 80 PSI and a time of 12 seconds there is a higher energy consumption being 0.2720 Dollars / hour, the lower energy consumption we have when pressing the AIR sole, at a pressure of 67 PSI and a time of 6 seconds the consumption was 0.1358 Dollars / hour.
Análisis de parámetros de combustión en prototipo de quemador radiante de GLP experimental sin recuperación y su influencia sobre el aprovechamiento energético
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-09) Llamuca Paguay, Jonathan Alexis; Velastegui Quisimalin, Lizbeth Carolina; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
This project proposes the variation of combustion parameters as fuel pressure and injector design in an experimental LPG radiant burner prototype without recovery, to determine its influence on: energy using, flame parameters and temperature distribution in the radiant tube. The methodology combines theoretical and experimental analysis, using this measurement instruments: thermographic camera and gas analyzer. The characteristics prototype are 1.79kW power, length 1.1m, tube diameter 0.10m and injector diameter 0.5mm. The energy using includes: heat transfer 0.59 kW by natural convection and 1.05kW by radiation, losses 0.98 kW by combustion gases, 0.0918 kW by convection in walls and 0.037 kW in unburned solids, this represents a thermal efficiency between 43 and 62 percent. A real combustion reaction with 127 percent of theoretical air is proposed, which allowed identifying a radiant medium zone with thermal stability of 0.45 m length and maximum temperatures between 320 to 460 Celsius degrees reached in 660 seconds (11 min) approximately. An analysis with a bidimensional model for the internal gas flow was applied to simulate the behavior of temperature, density, velocity, and particle trajectory.
Análisis de parámetros de fabricación en pellets de aserrín de eucalipto para mejorar sus características de combustión
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Sanchez Castro, Felix Xavier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
The manufacture of sawdust pellets has gained popularity in recent years by taking advantage of waste from the wood industry. The quality of the pellets can vary significantly depending on the manufacturing processes used. Therefore, the present work focused on improving the final quality of the pellets by adding binder to find improvements in compaction and measure their quality during combustion. The humidity percentage of the sawdust was modified through a drying process, in which both temperature and time were varied. For the production of the pellets, a cylindrical manual compaction matrix was used, applying a pressure of 30 bars and cassava starch as a binder. Three different drying conditions were carried out: natural drying (room temperature) for 24 hours; drying at 105 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes; drying at 105 degrees Celsius for 4 hours. The results showed that, when using eucalyptus sawdust pellets dried at 105 degrees Celsius for 4 hours, the best combustion characteristics were achieved, since flame areas of 3,93 square centimeters were obtained, with flame heights of 1,97 centimeters, temperatures reached 580 degrees Celsius for 100 seconds, which favors a more efficient combustion. Likewise, volatile contents of 76,34 percent, ash 0,25 percent, fixed carbon 23,40 percent and a CO concentration of 207 ppm were obtained, which indicates a cleaner combustion.
Análisis de parámetros para la mejora de eficiencia en quemadores de tubo radiante de dos pasos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Dávila Zúñiga, Cristian Andrés; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
The presence of challenges related to energy efficiency losses, thermal non-uniformity, heat utilization, and increased pollutant emissions leads to limited operation, thus affecting its performance. This research proposes an analysis of thermal and technical parameters influencing the efficiency of a two-pass radiant tube burner through an experimental and analytical approach. Various relevant thermal parameters were analyzed to improve the energy performance of the two-pass radiant tube burner. These parameters include heat transfer mechanisms, flame behavior, air-fuel ratio, preheating of the mixture, and temperature distribution, the latter of which was analyzed using advanced thermal analysis software. The description of technical features to enhance thermal performance was linked to the analysis and evaluation of the experimental prototype. An air-to-air heat exchanger was incorporated while maintaining the same pressure settings for air and fuel. Measurement tools such as thermographic cameras and anemometers were used to support the evaluation of alternatives. Thermodynamic calculations, heat transfer, performance, and efficiency analyses were conducted for two configurations: with ambient temperature oxidant and with preheated air. As a result, the two-pass radiant tube burner’s performance increased from 8.66 to 17.15 percent, and the air temperature inside the heat exchanger rose from 20 to 40 degrees Celsius. Additionally, the flame behavior improved from being irregular and elongated with oscillations to becoming a uniform, compact, and controlled flame.
Análisis de parámetros técnicos para mejora de eficiencia en quemadores de tubo radiante de un paso
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2025-02) Nuñez Chadán, Romel Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
This study explores the variation of technical parameters that enhance the efficiency of a single-pass radiant tube burner. The parameters considered in this analysis include secondary air temperature, gas travel length, and the presence of a static mixer, aiming to evaluate their impact on flame characteristics, energy performance, and temperature distribution. The adopted methodology combines theoretical and experimental analysis, utilizing measurement equipment such as a thermal imaging camera and a gas analyzer. The results indicate that the flame with preheated air at 90 degrees reaches a maximum temperature of 251.7 degrees, while the incorporation of the static mixer allows for a maximum temperature of 233.4 degrees. Reducing the gas travel length to 0.75 meters identifies a stable mid-radiant zone of 0.25 meters, with maximum temperatures ranging from 385 degrees to 465 degrees, achieved at 11 minutes. In terms of thermal efficiency, a useful energy output of 1.36 kW was obtained, with losses of 0.94 kW through flue gases, 0.147 kW through the walls, 0.0368 kW due to unburned solids, and other losses of 0.41 kW. This results in a thermal efficiency of 46.89 percent, compared to the 61.72 percent recorded in previous studies. The reduction in thermal efficiency can be attributed to the combination of the evaluated parameters, suggesting that while flame characteristics improve with air preheating and the metallic insert, the reduced gas travel length increases heat distribution, ultimately limiting overall performance.
Análisis de parámetros termodinámicos para determinar niveles de eficiencia en miniturborreactores
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica., 2025-02) Paucar Rojana, Christian Javier; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
This project focuses on acquiring in-depth knowledge about miniturbojets within the field of combustion engines, since, to date, there is not enough research on the subject. An evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters that influence their operation was carried out, using specialized software. In this program, a miniturbojet model was selected and, based on it, calculations were made to optimize its efficiency and performance. For the initial development, key aspects such as the temperature and inlet and outlet pressures in the compressor, combustion chamber and nozzle were analyzed. In addition, additional variables such as fuel type and compression ratios were considered. These factors were determined by thermal efficiency calculations, considering the heat input in the miniturbojet compressor. From these parameters, an exhaustive analysis was carried out, allowing the identification of different variables that influence the performance of the system. In particular, a detailed study of the TJ1 turbomachine was carried out, in which its thermal and propulsive efficiency were determined, showing how the energy contained in the gas flow is transformed into useful thrust. In addition, it was identified that various sections of the miniturbojet operate under a Brayton cycle, which allowed its isentropic performance to be evaluated under the temperature and pressure conditions reached during the operation of the system, also considering possible energy losses and their impact on efficiency.
Análisis de pérdidas energéticas en un motor de combustión interna a gasolina (MECH) de 1600 cm3 en un vehículo de uso particular para determinar su rendimiento térmico
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2020-09) Kevin Alexander, Miranda Pilatuña; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
In the present experimental work the Otto cycle performance of a 1600 cubic centimeter internal combustion engine (MECH) of a private vehicle was evaluated by distributing surface temperatures using thermography. The data was used using technological equipment: thermal camera, thermocouple, digital thermometer, anemometer and absolute pressure meter. In addition, the thermograms were obtained to temperatures, velocity, pressure of exhaust gases. The theoretical performance analysis was performed using an indirect method generating a 65 percent. Due to,there were leaks caused by heat transfer (convection in the engine block and oil pan) and heat leaks in exhaust gases (11.72kilowatt) and the cooling system (8,037 kilowatt). Thus, It was determined a performance of 33.15percent. Meanwhile, exergetic analysis the perfomance was 43.25 percent. Consequently, the evaluation of pollutant production shows that it is in the values of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) do not exceed the limits of the NTE INEN 2204: 2017 standard, which details the maximum limits allowed according to the year of the vehicle.
Análisis de pérdidas energéticas para mejora de eficiencia en el sistema cabina de pintura automotriz de la empresa Ciauto-Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-03) Lozada Martínez, Luis Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
The present experimental work is developed due to the efficiency improvement needs required by the air house system of the paint booth of the CIAUTO company. For this study, it began with an analysis that focuses on the recognition of the operation of the air injection system; Subsequently, the machines or mechanical, electrical and thermal equipment that make up the air house system were determined, this in order to identify possible failures. Infrared thermography was used for the maintenance analysis of the system, in this way thermographic analysis sheets were made for the evaluation of the equipment and machines in accordance with the guidelines that govern the ASNT - TC - 1A Standard (Qualification and Certification Guidelines for nondestructive essays). To improve equipment costs and efficiency, the recommendations of the FENERCOM Guide for Energy Saving in Industrial Installations were used. Two alternatives for energy use were evaluated, the first one tries to optimize the combustion process of the burners, preheating the air to 60 degrees centigrade resulting in an increase in thermal efficiency from 87,4 to 88,5 percent obtaining an increase in power up to 10 kW. The second alternative reuses the exhaust gases from the chimney, where 37,05 kW could be reused for the drying process.
Análisis del proceso de secado de aserrín de madera de eucalipto con lámparas infrarrojas para reducir el grado de humedad
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-04) Sailema Sisalema, Welington Paúl; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
In this project, prior to carrying out the drying process, the necessary fundamentals for compacting the sawdust and drying it were investigated. Identifying the variables such as: the initial humidity, the final humidity, the heat necessary to dry the sawdust, the time and the efficient power of the incandescent lamps. For the study, two types of specimens of different configuration were manufactured, a flat plate and a cylindrical one. For the compaction of the biomass, the homogenization with binder was carried out, in this case white glue to obtain an adequate compaction, when obtaining the specimens it was verified that they all have the same weight 1.88 gr for the flat plate specimen and 1.30 gr For the cylindrical specimen, the initial humidity was 51.60 percent and 30 percent respectively, after drying, it was possible to remove the existing moisture in the specimens, obtaining weights of 0.91 gr for the two configurations, with times of 18 minutes for the flat plate specimen and 24 minutes for the cylindrical specimen. The heat fluxes necessary to dry the specimens were 3529.195 Joule for the flat plate specimen and 2023.399 Joule for the cylindrical specimen and the required power was 3,268Watt and 1,405Watt respectively. Finally, the temperature distribution analysis was carried out by means of a CFD analysis, which shows that after 9 of the prototype of the dryer is in operation, the desired temperature of 65 degrees Celsius is obtained.
Análisis térmico de un prototipo de cámara de secado estática por convección y radiación de 1000 W para uso semiindustrial
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-04) Criollo Camacho, William Rene; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
The present research work is focused on the temperature distributions inside the drying chamber with a radiation heat source that in this case four infrared lamps of 250 W each are used. In order to obtain these temperatures, experimental analyses are carried out in the prototype of the chamber and also with a modeling of the dryer simulations were obtained in the software, in a transient state with time intervals of 180, 240 and 688 seconds. The methodology proposed for the study was software simulation, first verifying the modeling of the chamber, then proceeding with the steps for data entry such as: parameters for the type of analysis, type of fluid (air), initial conditions, selection of materials, boundary conditions, amount of heat and radiating surfaces, also through calculations of the parameters of heat transfer inside the chamber by natural convection, forced and radiation, with their combinations reaching 771 W, also obtained the variation of stored energy for the air of 15.65 W. Applying energy balance, the losses by convection to the outside are determined, which reach 25 W. The combined results of the heat transfer methods help to calculate the efficiency of the chamber in vacuum (without load) and considering only the heating of the air inside gives us 6.4 percent. In the experimental and simulated time intervals analyzed, the temperature distributions in the middle and lower part of the chamber reach maximum values of 47 and 58.75 degrees Celsius, respectively.
Análisis térmico del proceso de peletizado del aserrín de madera de eucalipto (eucaliptus globulus labill) y copal (dacryodes olivifera cuatrecasas) y su influencia sobre la friabilidad de los pel
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2014-06-27) Portero Jijón, Alex Mauricio; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar cómo el calor afecta el proceso de peletización de biomasa. Se estudió el impacto del tipo de materia prima, temperatura de la matriz, el contenido de humedad y el tamaño de las partículas. Las materias primas utilizadas fueron: aserrín de Eucalipto y Copal, que representan los tipos de biomasa más comunes generados en la empresa Maderas Guerrero. El contenido de humedad en este desecho en particular es de aproximadamente 8 %, lo que es una ventaja importante, ya que no es necesario un proceso de secado del aserrín. La peletización de la biomasa resulta en un combustible con una mayor homogeneidad de sus propiedades, para estudiar la resistencia de los pellets y relacionarlos con la temperatura de la compresión, se construyo una prensa de pellets singular en el que se aplica presión a la biomasa para aumentar su densidad. La prensa consta de una matriz cilíndrica 8 mm de diámetro, hecha de acero inoxidable AISI 304, cubierta con elementos de calefacción. La biomasa se comprimió a una velocidad de 2 mm / s hasta una presión máxima de 225,62 MPa a temperaturas entre 20 y 105 º C. Las densidades de pellets de biomasa pueden ser tan altas como 1,1 a 1,3 g/cm3. En conclusión un aumento de la temperatura de la matriz durante la peletización aumentó la friabilidad del pellet, y disminuyó la fricción entre la biomasa y la superficie de acero.
Análisis térmico del proceso de secado de gelatina para determinar su eficiencia en la empresa Prodegel S.A.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Acosta Castro, Wendy Elizabeth; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
This project was born because in the company PRODEGEL S.A. It is necessary to obtain the efficiency of a tunnel-type gelatin dryer since at the moment it presents problems of humidity in the product, presenting on some occasions of the day a humidity greater than that required and on others a lower percentage of humidity. The experimental method was used and the parameters with which the dryer worked were collected, where the humidity value was obtained at 10.3 percent at the exit of the equipment, this corresponding to days in which the dryer worked with an approximate load of 12 kg/min in wet product, according to the data collected it is estimated that the equipment removes 57.2 percent of moisture from the gelatin noodle, that is to say that more than half of the input product was water, obtaining a flow of gelatin of 5.14 kg/min of dry product, the dryer band worked with a speed of 9.5 cm/min, using a total of 3 hours and 32 minutes to leave the noodle to be crushed. As a result, a yield of the noodle drying process corresponding to 56.31 percent was obtained. When analyzing the gelatin noodle according to the quality department, the noodle should have a humidity percentage of 11 percent at the exit of the dryer, and this percentage was obtained by raising the speed of the belt from 9.5 cm/min to 11 .5 cm/min, obtaining satisfactory results.
Análisis térmico para el proceso de secado de fideo tipo Regin en la empresa Industrias Catedral S.A, para determinar su eficiencia
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2022-09) Goyes Guerrero, David Nicolás; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
The experimental work begins due to the need to have an updated energy study regarding the evaluation of thermal efficiency levels in the noodle drying process of tunnel 1 in the company Industrias Catedral S.A; based on the need to quantify the heat used in a typical drying chamber, as well as the most representative energy losses generated in the production of noodles. In the experimental process of calculating the thermal efficiency, it began with the identification of the thermophysical parameters of the raw material, as well as the evaluation of the standard noodle production. The data collection and measurements of normal operating temperatures of the radiator, temperature in the trays, air speed at the outlet of the fans, speed in air outlets, heat used for the drying of noodles, fundamental factors that intervene in the analysis of heat transfer and utilization within a static drying chamber of type trays. As a result, the supplied heat was analyzed in a type chamber, for region noodles, the regin noodles take advantage of 4,067
Análisis térmico para el proceso de secado de madera laminada de hasta 5 mm de espesor en la empresa Arboriente S.A. en la ciudad de Puyo, para determinar su eficiencia
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017-09) Hernández Cuenca, Walter Wladimir; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
Once the operating conditions were stabilized, the necessary data and measurements were made, namely temperature, main components of the continuous dryer chambers, average ambient temperature; the components and the structure of the dryer were modeled in order to obtain the mass of each of them, fundamental parameters for the calculation of heat losses. Once the thermodynamic and physical properties of the components were determined, the calculation of heat losses by conduction, convection and radiation was developed. Depending on the mass flow of steam, it was obtained that the heat supplied to the dryer has a magnitude of 474.46 KW. The efficiency of the process was obtained as the quotient between the heat consumed by the processed wood 257.82 KW and the heat flow supplied by the cauldron 474.46 KW, obtaining a value of 54.34%.
Análisis térmico para evaluar eficiencia en un calderín Pirotubular de 2 BHP del laboratorio de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Sánchez Mendoza, Alejandro Sebastián; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
Was evaluated efficiency by applying techniques of thermography in a 2BHP boiler of the career of mechanical engineering of the Technical University of Ambato. The data were taken using technological equipment: thermal camera, thermocouple, thermometer digital, bimetal thermometer, combustion gas analyzer and volumetric meter of GLP. Was obtained thermograms, temperature of gases, temperature of steam pipes, composition of gases, volumetric composition of products and consumption of GLP.Analysis was performed using the indirect method, was calculated losses caused by heat transfer (convection and radiation) 17.4%, combustion 5.17%, unburnt 8.7% and not quantified losses 10%. Was determined an efficiency of 59%. Finally, was proposed four proposals to improve the functioning of the boiler and was executed maintenance cleaning of tubes and burner due to time a financial resource, obtaining a fuel-saving of 0.12 kg/h and the reduction in the temperature of the combustion gases.
Diseño de secador y enfriador de granos de café destinado a la producción de café tostado para la asociación de emprendedores de la provincia de Manabí, cantón Chone, micro empresa Patu-Kfe
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2024-08) Constante Paredes, German Alexis; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
In the Patu-Kfé micro-enterprise in the Chone canton, there has been a need to improve their production process and increase their output. Therefore, it was decided to design a drying and cooling system that meets the necessary expectations suggested by the association of entrepreneurs. The project was developed in several stages, beginning with a review of the historical and technical background of coffee bean dryers. Next, a comparative analysis of different design alternatives was detailed, evaluating criteria of processing capacity and process complexity. Using the best criteria, a model was selected, and the conceptual design of the drying and cooling system was carried out, taking into account important thermal and mechanical design factors. The material for each component was specified, calculations for the necessary heat were performed, sheet thicknesses were determined based on exerted stresses, and cost analyses were conducted. Finally, plans and technical specifications for the respective design elements were prepared. As the system is a prototype, the design can be further optimized based on future research. As a result, the implementation of this project theoretically increases production from 80 kg per day to 320 kg. Additionally, the system optimization based on simulation shows how heat is utilized, thanks to thermal insulation that considerably reduces heat loss compared to the currently operating model. The integration of a cooler into the prototype system also increases its coffee bean processing capacity.
Diseño de un intercambiador de calor de coraza y tubos para el aprovechamiento de gases residuales de una caldera de 125 BHP de potencia para la empresa GN. Industrial en la provincia de Tungurahua cantón Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-09) Martínez Ochoa, Oscar Maximiliano; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
The proposed objectives include: the design of a tube and shell exchanger for the use of waste gases from a 125 BHP power boiler for the GN INDUSTRIAL company. the characteristic parameters of the shell and pipe heat exchanger were determined, as well as the appropriate materials were selected for its correct operation, thermal analysis was carried out using software to determine the behavior of the fluids. The LMDT and NUT methods were used for thermal design. For the mechanical design, the ASME section VIII recommendations and the TEMA regulation were considered, which standardizes certain criteria for the design through the finite element method with the help of software, thermal and mechanical analysis of the heat exchanger was carried out with the following results: Thermal power of 25.53 kilowatts, heat transfer area of 5.75 square meters, efficiency of 37 percent, presenting as water outlet temperature of 29 degrees centigrade and the exhaust gas outlet temperature of 190 degrees centigrade the same one that has 24 two pass Cedula 40 tubes with a length of 1.5 meters and a shell of 600 millimeters in diameter and a total length of the heat exchanger of 2.13 meters with a weight of 645 kilograms, same that meets the thermal, hydraulic and mechanical requirements for the recovery of heat from the exhaust gases of the boiler for which it is being designed.
Diseño de un prototipo de sistema de fermentación industrial para la empresa “Induacero Cía. Ltda”
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2023-03) Guanín Araque, Adrian Israel; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
This project was requested by the company "Induacero Cía. Ltd.” because they have the need to build stainless steel fermenter tanks with a cooling system for the beer industry. Because there are no solutions on the market for micro-enterprises that need a more sophisticated system to ferment small batches. In the present project, the design of the fermenter tank was carried out and it began by calculating the internal measurements, then the ASME section VIII Division 1 regulations were used to calculate the pressures to which the tank will be subjected and the thicknesses necessary to withstand these pressures. Then the heat transfer analysis of the tank cooling system was carried out. Finishing with the design, the algorithm of the control system was made and based on this, the programming in ladder language so that the code can be entered into a PLC, then the design of the graphical interface that will be shown to the user so that he can manipulate the program. Upon completion of the design, the prototype will be delivered to Induacero Cía. Ltda. to prepare it for the benefit of the company.
Diseño de un quemador de gas tipo venturi con una potencia de 20 KW para los Laboratorios de la Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2021-04) Loor Mosquera, Carlos Iván; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
The methodology proposed for the design was software simulation using the finite element method with Solid 185 type elements; in addition to techniques such as observation and recording, for the design of the burner and annotation of the results of the calculations; The project is also of a bibliographic type since the theoretical support for the calculations is sought and it is descriptive because the efficiency of the burner is detailed step by step. The design and simulation parameters were: power, pressures, speeds, diameters and temperatures in order to verify the calculated results together with those obtained by software. Another objective was to obtain thermal losses by convection and radiation through calculations and fundamental heat transfer equations that resulted in 0.073 kW; Peripheral losses of 0.13.6 kW, frontal losses of 0.002 kW were also analyzed; unburned losses of 0.7 kW; and other types of losses with a value of 8,795 kW; After calculating the losses, it was determined that the useful energy of the burner corresponds to 10,294 kW, which results in a thermal efficiency of 51.47 percent. The burner accessories were selected from the catalog and the supports and the Venturi were designed considering a material that performs with the thermal performance. The data obtained from the simulation corroborates the calculated parameters and provides a graphic idea of how the burner will operate under the proposed conditions.