Browsing by Author "Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela"

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Análisis de la capacidad antimicrobiana de un péptido obtenido en un sistema de expresión Escherichia coli J53 frente a cepas de Staphylococcus spp.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Llambo Charco, Darwin Marcelo; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
Pathogenic microorganisms of the Staphylococcus spp. genius have represented one of the main causes of infections in nosocomial environments, immunosuppressed population, and patients with medical devices. The S. aureus strain has been particularly worrying due to its increasing resistance to antibiotics such as methicillin (MRSA) and certain beta-lactams such as cephalosporin and penicillin due to the presence of the mecA gene. Obtaining proteins from expression systems is a viable alternative for the development of new therapeutic avenues for infections caused by the Staphylococcus spp. genus. This research project was developed with the aim of analyzing the antimicrobial capacity of the peptide Alpha-1-Purothionine obtained in an E. coli J53 expression system against strains of S. aureus and coagulase-negative S. (CoNS). The process began with the cellular chemically competent of the host, induction with IPTG and the analysis of the expression by means of SDS PAGE, where a certain level of basal expression is evident. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were evaluated. Finally, it was determined that the peptide presented antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth and development of the S. aureus and CoNS strains through colorimetric verification using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), showing values of 8,5 micrograms per millimeters for S. aureus and 17,0 micrograms per millimeters for CoNS.
Análisis de la influencia de la calidad de agua sobre la microbiota intestinal presente en las heces de pollos de engorde de la empresa Grupo Casa Grande
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Aguilar Castillo, Carla Melanie; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
The gut microbiota includes commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit complex multicellular organisms. Among the main functions, the following stand out: regulation of metabolic activities, absorption of nutrients and prevention of colonization by pathogens. However, the microbiota can be altered by various factors such as water, food, antibiotic intake and geographical location. In this study, it was known whether water quality influences the intestinal microbiota of Cobb 500 broiler chickens from two farms (San José and Las Orquídeas) belonging to the Grupo Casa Grande company. For this purpose, a metagenomic amplicon analysis of the 16s rRNA gene was carried out, using DNA extracted from 4 fecal samples of broiler chickens. Data processing was performed on the Galaxy platform linked to QIIME2. The analysis of water quality was within the limits established by INEN 1108 standards and the Cobb 500 Chicken Management Manual, with the exception of water hardness (Las Orquídeas farm). The Shannon index and PCoA revealed that samples from both farms present a high microbial diversity of OTUs and a minimal difference in the composition of the microbial community. The analyzes of relative abundance, differential abundance and alpha rarefaction showed that the most abundant and richest taxa of the fecal microbiota were Lactobacillus sp and Romboutsia sp. The water quality of the farms did not influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the chickens.
Análisis de la influencia de la calidad de agua sobre la microbiota intestinal presente en las heces de pollos de engorde de la empresa Grupo Casa Grande
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Manzaba Yépez, Angela Nicole; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
The gut microbiota includes commensal, symbiotic, and pathogenic microorganisms that inhabit complex multicellular organisms. Among the main functions, the following stand out: regulation of metabolic activities, absorption of nutrients and prevention of colonization by pathogens. However, the microbiota can be altered by various factors such as water, food, antibiotic intake and geographical location. In this study, it was known whether water quality influences the intestinal microbiota of Cobb 500 broiler chickens from two farms (San José and Las Orquídeas) belonging to the Grupo Casa Grande company. For this purpose, a metagenomic amplicon analysis of the 16s rRNA gene was carried out, using DNA extracted from 4 fecal samples of broiler chickens. Data processing was performed on the Galaxy platform linked to QIIME2. The analysis of water quality was within the limits established by INEN 1108 standards and the Cobb 500 Chicken Management Manual, with the exception of water hardness (Las Orquídeas farm). The Shannon index and PCoA revealed that samples from both farms present a high microbial diversity of OTUs and a minimal difference in the composition of the microbial community. The analyzes of relative abundance, differential abundance and alpha rarefaction showed that the most abundant and richest taxa of the fecal microbiota were Lactobacillus sp and Romboutsia sp. The water quality of the farms did not influence the composition of the intestinal microbiota of the chickens.
Aprovechamiento de residuos solidos domiciliarios en la obtención de bocashi con la aplicación de ceniza volcánica y la construcción de composteras domésticas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2014) Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela; Pacheco Tigsilema, María Teresa
Se obtuvo abono orgánico (bocashi) a partir de residuos sólidos domiciliarios con la construcción de composteras domésticas. Aplicando un diseño factorial AxB y un ANOVA con un 95% de confianza, se pudo determinar que la dosificación y el sistema de remoción-ventilación influyen significativamente sobre la cantidad de materia orgánica, el contenido de C, N y la relación C/N. El mejor tratamiento en cuanto al contenido de materia orgánica, contenido de C y N fue el a1b1 (70% residuos materia orgánica + 0% ceniza volcánica + 30% suelo, sistema de remoción manual) y para la relación C/N fue el tratamiento a3b1 (40% residuos materia orgánica + 40% ceniza volcánica + 20% suelo, sistema de remoción manual) permitiendo alcanzar un valor de 7.406. El costo del abono orgánico (bocashi) obtenido con el tratamiento a3b1 fue 2.20 USD/Kg, este precio en relación a otros abonos orgánicos es relativamente alto pero se puede reducir si a nivel industrial se parte de 1 tonelada de materia orgánica, pudiendo llegar a ser 0.66 USD/kg.
Desarrollo de un biorecubrimiento a partir de cera de abeja para mejorar la vida útil de las fresas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Zhu Ordoñez, Luis Fernando; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
This study focuses on the development of bio-coatings to extend the shelf life of strawberries, a highly perishable fruit that poses significant commercial challenges for farmers, with the aim of replacing conventional preservation methods, which are generally chemical in nature and potentially hazardous to consumer health. The study's methodology focused on the formulation of three distinct bio-coatings, each combining beeswax with walnut oil and essential oils of oregano and clove, chosen for their well-known antimicrobial properties. The effectiveness of these coatings was rigorously evaluated through a series of physicochemical assays, such as weight loss, rot percentage, color, pH, total soluble solids content, and titratable acidity. Additionally, microbiological tests were conducted to determine the bio-coatings' resistance against various concentrations (1:10; 1:100; 1:1000) of the fungus B. cinerea, responsible for post-harvest rot in strawberries. Tests were carried out under two temperature regimes: room temperature (17-22) Celsius and refrigeration (4-7) Celsius; this methodological approach not only confirmed the efficacy of the bio-coatings under different conditions but also contributed to the forefront of research in natural food preservatives. The results obtained showed that strawberries treated with the bio-coatings maintain their sensory and nutritional attributes for an extended period, up to 8 days under room conditions and up to 15 days in refrigeration; this finding represents a significant step towards natural and sustainable preservation methods.
Determinación del efecto antioxidante y antimicrobiano de extractos de diferentes tipos de ortiga (Urtica dioica, Urtica urens, Urtica leptophylla, Urera baccifera) frente a cepas de Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes y Bacillus cereus
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2023-03) Mariño Manzano, Kevin Daniel; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
Medicinal plants have become a hope for the development of alternative medicines, for this reason, the WHO promotes the study of medicines based on plant sources, since they frequently generate few side effects, minimal toxicity and combat antimicrobial resistance. The Urticaceae family has a high index of bioactive molecules. This research focuses on evaluating the biological activity of hydroalcoholic (EtOH) and methanolic (MtOH) extracts from four nettle species. Initially, the extraction was carried out, which yielded variable yields, highlighting the MtOH of U. dioica corresponding to 2.487 percent as the best result. The antioxidant capacity was determined using the DPPH technique, all the extracts present considerable antioxidant activity, however, the MtOH of U. baccifera inhibited an equivalent to 435.80 micromoles of Trolox per liter. The quantification of total phenols was measured by the Folin Ciocalteu assay, which demonstrated that EtOHs exceed MtOHs. The hydroalcoholic extraction of U. dioica showed a higher amount of phenolic compounds (87,840 milligrams of gallic acid per gram). The antimicrobial activity was estimated by the microdilution method in 96-well plates based on resazurin, with which the MIC and MBC were determined. The extracts that inhibited at a lower concentration were: MtOH from U. baccifera and U. urens to E. coli and B.cereus, EtOH from U. urens and U. dioica to S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, respectively. In conclusion, the analyzed plant extracts have considerable biological activity.
Evaluación de la administración de un consorcio microbiano probiótico en la regulación de la glucosa y función lipídica en ratones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 inducida
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Córdova Vega, Génesis Rebeca; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
This research arises through the increase of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Ecuador, until 2022, about 1.1 million Ecuadorians suffered from this condition, it is for this reason that it is required to develop new alternatives that allow minimize its effects. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effect of the probiotic consortium from the province of Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas in Ecuador, composed of a combination of 10 strains of lactic acid bacteria, among which stands out Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Weissella cibaria and Pediococcus pentosaceus, in the regulation of glucagon-1-like peptide, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and very low-density lipoproteins. To this end, 24 BALB/c mice were given type 2 diabetes mellitus through a high carbohydrate diet for 5 weeks, followed by 0.5 mL of the probiotic consortia administered orally for 4 weeks. The results showed that probiotics stimulated the production of short chain fatty acids, generating a significant increase in secretion of the peptide hormone similar to glucagon 1, improving glycemic control. It was also shown to have the potential to reduce the lipid profile by converting cholesterol into coprostanol and its subsequent fecal elimination. These findings underline the importance of intestinal microbiota in the pathophysiology of diabetes and suggest that the administration of probiotic consortia is a promising complementary therapeutic strategy.
Evaluación de la capacidad de competencias bacterianas de cepas probióticas frente a cepas presentes en el tracto gastrointestinal de bovinos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2025-02) Boada Medina, Edison Alejandro; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
Probiotics, particularly lactic acid bacteria (LAB), are microorganisms with therapeutic properties that improve the intestinal health of animals by resisting adverse conditions in the gastrointestinal tract, such as acidity, pancreatic juices, and bile. These bacteria, including Lactobacillus spp., Weissella spp., Leuconostoc spp., and Pediococcus spp., stand out for their applications in various sectors. However, their indiscriminate use raises concerns related to bacterial resistance and its implications for public health. Probiotics enhance the intestinal microbiota through mechanisms such as substrate competition and modulation of the immune response, although they can acquire antibiotic resistance genes, highlighting the importance of controlled use. This study evaluated 10 LAB strains with probiotic potential, analyzing their bacterial competition capacity, biofilm formation, sugar reduction, and cholesterol-lowering ability. An in vitro culture system was developed to assess LAB survival under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The amount of reducing sugars was measured using the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method, while cholesterol assimilation was evaluated using MRS broth supplemented with 0.4 percent bile salts and 1 percent cholesterol. The results showed that the analyzed strains have high potential to inhibit pathogenic bacteria, reduce sugars, and lower cholesterol levels, underscoring their relevance as promoters of intestinal health and contributors to animal well-being.
Evaluación fisicoquímica y cinética de producción de biomasa de dos tipos de levaduras Saccharomyces cerevisiae y Saccharomyces bayanus en la fermentación alcohólica de una bebida a base de mandarina (Citrus reticulata) y cidra (Sechium edule)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Alimentos, 2023-03) Vallejo Orozco, Yadira Alexandra; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
Alcoholic drinks made from fruit have become popular in recent years. The purpose of this work is to identify the optimal formulation both in alcoholic yield and in biomass production of two types of yeast S. cerevisiae and S. bayanus. 12 treatments were prepared at three concentrations of cidra and tangerine juices (75:25, 50:50, 25:75) for each of the yeasts. During the fermentative stage, the treatments were monitored for pH, acidity, Brix degrees and cells per milliliter. At the end of the fermentation the percentage of ethanol was obtained. The results of the fermentation indicated that the treatments A0B0R2 and A0B0R1 obtained 9 and 10 percent alcoholic strength respectively, in volatile acidity the A2B1R1 treatment was the only one that exceeded the maximum permissible limit according to the INEN 374 standard with a value of 2.52 g. Acetic acid per Liter. The methanol determination showed that the A0B0R1 and A1B0R2 treatments were negative while the A0B0R2 and A1B0R1 samples were positive for methanol. When comparing the biomass kinetics, it was determined that S. bayanus has a higher biomass production, faster cell growth rate and shorter generation time, while S. cerevisiae produced a higher percentage of ethanol in the combination of 75:25 cidra- tangerine. Therefore, in this study it was determined that the best treatment to produce an alcoholic beverage based on citron and tangerine is A0B0R1, as it has a percentage of ethanol of 10 percent.
Extracción de celulosa a partir de estiércol de vaca y conejo mediante procesos fisicoquímicos y mecánicos para la elaboración de filtros
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Paredes Cruz, Eder Ariel; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
Cellulose, a highly bioavailable polymer, is primarily obtained from wood species, with a projected global demand of 142 billion tons by 2030. This increase in consumption, driven by various industries, poses risks to biodiversity due to forest expansion. To address this issue, the feasibility of extracting cellulose from manure generated by the livestock and rabbit farming sector was explored. The cellulose recovery from manure was carried out using the alkaline pulping method with sodium hydroxide; a pressing process was employed for the production of cellulose filters. Additionally, the filters underwent various feasibility tests to demonstrate their efficiency. Despite the challenges of the process, cellulose extraction yields of 45.07 percent, 32.18 percent, and 40 percent were achieved from rabbit, cow, and a mixture of both manures, respectively. The cellulose pulp exhibited optimal pH values between 7.9 and 8.20, with alpha cellulose contents exceeding 75 percent in all three treatments. The filters-maintained sterility with optimal levels of moisture (less than 1 percent) and ashes (less than 4.5 percent) over time. IR spectra indicated similarities with commercial cellulose, with variations attributable to the animal diet and intestinal microbiota. Ultimately, the filters demonstrated an efficiency exceeding 81 percent in retaining particles larger than 0.0625 mm.
Extracción, purificación y evaluación de inulina proveniente de la jícama (Smallanthus sonchifolius) y fruto de tuna (Opuntia ficus) en tres especies de microorganismos Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, y Bifidobacterium longum
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Velastegui Morales, José Hernán; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
Currently, food industrialization is more refined, generating products with low nutritional value. Causing the immune system to weaken and various gastrointestinal pathologies to appear. Therefore, it is recommended to include soluble fibers such as inulin in the diet. Jicama is made up of 14 percent carbohydrates and about 40 to 70 percent FOS. While prickly pear has 10 to 15 percent carbohydrates, among which inulin stands out. This study focused on obtaining inulin from jicama root and prickly pear fruit, in order to find new sources. Two extraction methods were applied, solid-liquid extraction which is based on the crushing of the raw material, followed by the addition of buffer at elevated temperatures of 80 degrees Celsius and ultrasound extraction which consisted of the application of sound waves of high frequency at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The influence of inulin from prickly pear and jicama on the growth rate and generation time of the probiotic microorganisms Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii, and Bifidobacterium longum was evaluated. Lactobacillus acidophilus was the one that had a shorter generation time of 6.80 minutes with inulin from jicama with the ultrasound extraction method. It was determined that the best treatment is jicama with the ultrasound extraction method due to its operating factors.
Obtención de cepas probióticas a partir de diferentes sustratos de origen orgánico de la provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas – Ecuador
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Biotecnología, 2024-02) Cevallos Álvarez, Noemy María; Garcés Moncayo, María Daniela
The study consists of obtaining probiotic strains from three samples of cassava, sugar cane and bovine feces, as an alternative to the use of antibiotics in the livestock sector and to counteract the spread of resistance genes (RAM), since probiotics are live microorganisms that have a positive effect on the health of the host. The 63 strains obtained from the three samples have the phenotypic characteristics of model probiotic microorganisms such as catalase negative, Gram positive, with creamy or white round morphology. Likewise, the probiotic potential of the strains was evaluated by in vitro tests such as cell adhesion, tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions such as low pH and bile salt concentrations. Also, the selection of probiotic strains should satisfy safety criteria, they should not be toxic or pathogenic, susceptible to antibiotics, without hemolytic activity and have antagonistic activity against pathogens. Finally, only two strains from the cassava and sugar cane samples have the best characteristics and best efficiency to be considered probiotic strains, because they did not present hemolytic activity and have cell adhesion, can survive at pH 2 to 3 and bile salts of 0.3 to 0.5 percent, had susceptibility to six antibiotics with the highest range of inhibition compared to other strains, however, no strain presented antagonistic activity against E. coli bacteria.