Maestría en Química

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    Obtención de coagulantes/ floculantes orgánicos a partir de extractos naturales y evaluación de su potencial como coadyuvante en el proceso de tratamiento de agua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Química, 2022) Poveda Ocaña, Rebeca Abigail; Villasana Aguilera, Yanet Tibaire
    The scarcity of drinking water in several countries and areas represents a problem on a global scale, where conventional methods with polyaluminum chloride are used in the coagulation and flocculation processes in water treatment. These processes generate residual sludge, which may contain high levels of aluminum and cause harm to humans and the environment. It is currently important to generate new ecological and easily accessible alternatives to improve water quality. For this reason, the purpose of this research was to obtain organic coagulants, and to evaluate their usefulness as a coadjuvant for polyaluminum chloride in the water treatment process. The project was developed through biomass extraction processes, which was evaluated through partial- total substitution tests and physical-chemical analyzes of the water samples treated with this chemical-organic combination. The results were processed with statistical analysis tools to determine the requirements to be used as an co-adjuvant, such as: yield percentage in the extraction process, its availability in the medium, removal percentage, economic yield. Considering the current environmental regulations in the country, detailed in the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation.
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    Evaluación de la biomasa residual agrícola de los cultivos de papa (Solanum tuberosum), maíz (Zea mays) y tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum) como recurso energético renovable en la Provincia de Tungurahua
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Química, 2021) López Villacis, Isabel Cristina; Pérez Aldás, Lander Vinicio
    At present, the generation of renewable energy has become a great tool of the first order for the sustainable development of our society, the use of agricultural biomass stands out as a respectful and friendly process with the environment. Worldwide, a great variety of forest, agricultural residues are generated: this situation opens up a great possibility for the use of these residues in the form of biomass and reinforces the need to evaluate and analyze each of these resources both materially and energetically. The objective of this research work is to energetically evaluate the agricultural residual biomass of potato (Solanum tuberosum), corn (Zea mays), and tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) crops as a renewable resource in the Province of Tungurahua. As a first step, a prospection of the crops with the greatest relevance in terms of the biomass residues generated was established. The project provided a database in which its energy characteristics were analyzed for each crop: calorific value, amount of biomass to calculate the energy potential, and a proximal analysis was also carried out (humidity, ash, volatile compounds and fixed carbon). The type research used was experimental, a field and laboratory work were carried out, where each test was out in triplicate. This project is considered as an initiative to obtain clean energy and in this way to obtain additional income for farmers who, in addition to marketing their products, can obtain additional income from the agricultural residues generated in their crops, especially from potato, corn and tomato crops of trees considered as the crops with the highest production in Tungurahua.