Ingeniería Mecánica
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Item Comportamiento a flexión de conexiones apernadas tipo Brida en estructuras de telecomunicaciones tipo monopolo, empleando el método de elementos finitos y validación con prototipo a escala(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Lagos Zamora, Christian David; Sánchez Guerrero, Johnny Homero; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThe present investigation is developed in order to identify the main causes of failure in bolted connections type flange used in structures type monopole subjected to bending due to the incidence of wind loads according to the considerations of design and analysis proposed by the Association of the Telecommunications Industry in the TIA-222-G standard. The information was collected through a theoretical-technical review of the functional and service characteristics to which the connections are exposed, using bibliographic resources and field measurements, and the behavior of bending was analyzed using the finite element method. of a structure of 6 sections using solid elements and shell elements in order to verify the proposed analysis methodology. The experimental analysis includes tests to flex the prototype to scale in a test bench. Said test was carried out in ten stages: 1) Analysis of finite element analysis data, 2) Determination of height-displacement relationship, 3) 3D geometric modeling of several prototypes, 4) Finite element testing of prototypes, 5) Analysis of the results of the finite elements test of the prototypes, 6) Selection of the most optimal prototype, 7) Design and construction of the test bench, 8) Experimental tests in the test bench, 9) Taking and recording data of parameters of load and displacement by means of a balance type crane and a comparator clock, 10) comparison of the results obtained by the analysis by finite elements and the physical test. In order to optimize the joints studied, an experimental test was carried out using finite element software, varying the thicknesses and the number of bolts of the joints in the structure of 6 sections and the prototype that allow to elaborate a simplified model by obtaining the characteristics of the behavior and of the equations that make it possible to reproduce the non-linearity present in this type of structure with the help of a software for matrix resolution. Finally, we verified the results obtained by checking the deviation of the results obtained in the metamodel, the experimental tests and the FEA analysis, optimizing the flexural analysis of the flanged joints of monopole structures, reducing the processing time and the computational cost.Item Comportamiento a flexión de conexiones apernadas tipo Brida en estructuras de telecomunicaciones tipo monopolo, empleando el método de elementos finitos y validación con prototipo a escala(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Sánchez Guerrero, Johnny Homero; Lagos Zamora, Christian David; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThe present investigation is developed in order to identify the main causes of failure in bolted connections type flange used in structures type monopole subjected to bending due to the incidence of wind loads according to the considerations of design and analysis proposed by the Association of the Telecommunications Industry in the TIA-222-G standard. The information was collected through a theoretical-technical review of the functional and service characteristics to which the connections are exposed, using bibliographic resources and field measurements, and the behavior of bending was analyzed using the finite element method. of a structure of 6 sections using solid elements and shell elements in order to verify the proposed analysis methodology. The experimental analysis includes tests to flex the prototype to scale in a test bench. Said test was carried out in ten stages: 1) Analysis of finite element analysis data, 2) Determination of height-displacement relationship, 3) 3D geometric modeling of several prototypes, 4) Finite element testing of prototypes, 5) Analysis of the results of the finite elements test of the prototypes, 6) Selection of the most optimal prototype, 7) Design and construction of the test bench, 8) Experimental tests in the test bench, 9) Taking and recording data of parameters of load and displacement by means of a balance type crane and a comparator clock, 10) comparison of the results obtained by the analysis by finite elements and the physical test. In order to optimize the joints studied, an experimental test was carried out using finite element software, varying the thicknesses and the number of bolts of the joints in the structure of 6 sections and the prototype that allow to elaborate a simplified model by obtaining the characteristics of the behavior and of the equations that make it possible to reproduce the non-linearity present in this type of structure with the help of a software for matrix resolution. Finally, we verified the results obtained by checking the deviation of the results obtained in the metamodel, the experimental tests and the FEA analysis, optimizing the flexural analysis of the flanged joints of monopole structures, reducing the processing time and the computational cost.Item Elementos finitos de los análisis por el método de contenedores de residuos, para verificar su resistencia mecánica según los ensayos descritos en la norma UNE-en 12574-2, en la empresa ECUAMATRIZ CIA LTDA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2019) Pomaquero Pinda, Gustavo Genaro; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThe present experimental work aims to verify the mechanical strength of the containers manufactured by the company ECUAMATRIZ CIA LTDA. using the finite element method, based on the tests described in the UNE EN 12574-2 standard due to the need to check the criteria established by said regulations. Within the tests examined, the following are mentioned: the ballistic impact, nominal load resistance test, lateral impact test, frontal impact, corners, and fatigue analysis due to the elevation of the container, each of them being governed by the specifications within UNE EN 12574-2. Initially, a simulation model is generated by selecting a material model according to the mechanical properties of galvanized steel A 653. By means of the ballistic test deformation profiles with an average of 1.55 mm were obtained, with which the model validation was carried out. simulation obtaining a maximum error of 11% and a minimum of 7%. For the impact test of faces and corners, an inclined surface was used inside the Ecuamatriz facilities according to kinematic calculations, the impact distances were established so that the speeds corresponded to the required in the norm, obtaining a zero deformation for the real test while in the simulation a maximum plastic deformation of 0.06 was obtained in a time of 0.13 s. For the practical part of the elevation test, the dimensions determined by the UNE EN 12574-1 were used, with which, we can verify the variation of the functional dimensions have a maximum error of 1.18%, within the simulation the container resists 1e6 cycles for both cases of study.Item Diseño, simulación y construcción de una estructura de Roll Bar para un vehículo de competición modalidad Rally, según normativa FIA ARTÍCULO 253-2014, mediante análisis computacional por el método de elementos finitos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) López Montalvo, Andrés Marcelo; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThe development of the present technical project carried out in the city of Ambato focuses on the design, analysis and construction of a structure of a roll bar (anti roll cage) modeled for a Chevrolet Corsa vehicle that will be put into competition in the rally mode and mountain climbs in the various championships to be held in the country in order to provide the greatest safety to the crew of the car in compliance with the regulations imposed by the International Automobile Federation. The structure is built with structural steel manufactured in Ecuador modeled and analyzed under official FIA regulations where the desired results were obtained to have the reliability for installation in the vehicle and to test it in several competitions carried out by FEDAK (Ecuadorian Federation of Motorsports and Kartismo) where it has been observed that the Roll Bar has a good behavior as a structure inside the car without deformations or ruptures in any part of the structure. All the analyzes and modeling were carried out in softwares with licenses granted to the Technical University of Ambato and the collection of some data of the materials used were obtained from reliable sources of documents made by teachers of the Faculty of Civil and Mechanical Engineering.Item Optimización del análisis de la resistencia de la estructura de un asiento de bus urbano mediante metamodelo de simulación(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2018) Ruiz Amores, Edisson Gabriel; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThe homologation of seats by the manufacturers has a great importance, the fundamental goal to achieve this is that their products are in compliance with NTE INEN 2708 [1], in the recent years the topic has been developed increasing the simulations carried out by Finite element software, which implies a high computational cost and a longer time to obtain results, in this study proposes to optimize this analysis with the implementation of a metamodel, reducing computational cost and time to obtain results. First, in the present investigation, the information as bibliographies to expand the knowledge about the development of a metamodel, the procedure for the analysis of resistance according to [1] was collected, as well as the results obtained by the finite element software to determine the mode of collapse of the seat before the application of loads to be able to reproduce it in an adequate way in the metamodel. After that, the simplified model was schematized according to the characteristics of the collapse mode, the constitutive equations were proposed and programmed using a matrix resolution software to obtain the results. Finally, the results obtained by the method of the finite elements software and the metamodel were compared, obtaining an optimization of the urban seat resistance analysis according to the regulation [1], reducing the computational cost and the processing time of the results.Item Estudio del impacto lateral del autobús urbano con carrocería IMPA para determinar la configuración de la estructura que cumpla con la normativa de la UNECE regulación R095R02(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017-10) Avilés Ramírez, Robinson Paúl; Arroba Arroba, César HernánThe present investigation is based on the study of the lateral impact of the urban bus with IMPA body, based on the Spanish regulations of the UNECE Resolution 95 Revision 02, being a regulation to safeguard the life of the occupants in case of lateral collisions, the same which specifies the test conditions together with the positions to perform the different types of impact. The tests are performed by computational analysis and finite element method, with a dynamic study as the main parameter. For the computational analysis of the structure, three basic points of application of the impact are taken into account as they are: the part of the driver, average and the later, in each test will be made with an adult manikin without arms as specified by the regulations, which will be impacted by a car, of which the superstructure will remain at rest and the car will maintain a constant speed of 50 km / h. The results obtained from the tests show that the superstructure meets the acceptance criteria that were taken into account such as: head, thorax and energy factor (Hourglass), which are within the range of acceptance.Item Diseño por elementos finitos de una roto bomba accionada con una turbina Pelton para riego de cultivos en los sectores vulnerables(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017-10) Valencia Chávez, Cristian Javier; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos MauricioThe present work of investigation is about the design of a Pelton turbine that works with conditions of net jump of 45 m and flow of 0.05 m3 / s, was realized with the module CFD to determine the conditions of operation like pressure, speed, turbulence. In the design of the turbine consists of the geometry of the spoons, the dimensions of the impeller, injector, injector needle and mechanical dimensioning of the turbine shaft. The CFD analysis was performed taking into account the considerations that the turbine works with biphasic flow, ie there is presence of water and air, was used rotating mesh to rotate the impeller, stationary mesh for injectors and part of the Case. A study was carried out on the convergence of the mesh and its influence on the results, as well as the different models of turbulence available. These results were validated by calculating the efficiency of the turbine and the triangle of velocities at the exit of the turbine spoons, obtaining errors of 12.19% and 8.43%, respectively.Item Análisis de sistemas de protección frontal y posterior contra el empotramiento en colisiones de vehículos livianos con vehículos de categoría N2 para verificar el cumplimiento de las regulaciones N°58 y N°93 de la UNECE en la empresa Master Metal(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Perdomo Campaña, Luis Eduardo; Arroba Arroba, César HernánIn the industry of vans for trucks, it was clear that the process of construction of the protective devices on the front and rear it is carried out in an empirical way, as there is no study on the resistance of these devices, there is a machine of impact to evaluate the resistance of the protective devices due to the high cost. This research is based on the simulation of the impact test on the front and back of the underrun protection systems manufactured by MasterMetal using a specialized software in finite element analysis, in order to determine whether the settings of the front underrun protection systems ensure the impact resistance during and after the test, as determined by the Regulations N°58 and N°93 (UNECE). The study found for the mechanical properties of the materials used in the manufacture of the protective devices, characterized in this way, the material, the validation of the results issued by the specialized software simulating the tensile test and comparing the results with those obtained from the physical testing. A modification was made in both protection devices demonstrating compliance with approval requirements described in the regulations N°58 and N°93 (UNECE).Item Análisis por el método de elementos finitos de los anclajes de cinturones de seguridad en asientos de autobús interprovincial para verificar su resistencia según la norma NTE INEN 2704 en la empresa Miviltech Soluciones Industriales S. A.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Martínez Calderón, Luis Antonio; Núñez Núñez, Diego FernandoThis study aims to perform an explicit dynamics finite element analysis of seatbelt anchorages used in interprovincial bus seat structures manufactured by MIVILTECH Industrial Solutions according to evaluation parameters stablished in the Regulation No. 14 of the Economic Commission for Europe referenced in Ecuadorian Technical Standard INEN 2704. First, It was necessary to collect all the necessary information to develop the topic. The most important data is the evaluation, acceptance and rejection parameters, which depend on the type of vehicle where the seats are used. In this case the seats belong to a M3 category vehicle, in which seat belts whith two and three anchorage points are used. After an adequate measurement, a digital model of the whole seat structure was made, which was simplified and optimized to reduce the analysis computing time. The materials used to buil the structure were identified, these materials are ASTM A500 grade A and ASTM A36 structural steels. Their real properties were obtained from traction and flexion tests. With the real properties of the materials the tests were simulated to obtain a material model with a similar behavior to the real materials. The validity of the material models was evaluated through the comparison of the error percentages from the real and simulated tests. Finally, with all the necessary data, material properties and an adequte digital model, resistance analysis of seat belt anchorages for two and three point seat belts were performed. As a result the current structure manufactured by MIVILTECH Industrial Solutions is not able to resist the tests because the stress and strain levels are higher than the allowed by the materials. Consequently, the structure was modified to perform new analyses; the new structure was able to resist the tests satisfactorily.Item Caracterización mecánica y numérica del material híbrido de matriz epoxi reforzada con tejido plano de fibra vegetal (algodón) y fibra natural (fibra de cabuya)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Carrera de Ingeniería Mecánica, 2017) Pacha Guashco, Segundo Santiago; Paredes Salinas, Juan GilbertoThe experimental work was based on the mechanical characterization of the hybrid matrix material of reinforced epoxy resin with layers of flat tissue between the fibers of cotton and fiber of cabuya with different orientations and different volumetric fractions, the study arose because at the present time the engineering of Materials presents great benefits for the technological and scientific development, which allowed to establish study of new materials with equal or better mechanical properties of the traditional materials that are used in the industry, and in this way replace the usual materials with new materials with the advantages In the weight and cost, with the group of specimens with better mechanical tensile characteristics was carried out a simulation by the method of finite elements using a software the same that was validated with real test and the percentage of error that existed between the results Obtained. The tests were performed under standards (traction-ASTM D3039, flexion-ASTM D 7264 impact-ASTM D5628) in this way was established the group of specimens with better mechanical properties of the cases studied. With the data of the real test and the corresponding analyzes, the material with better mechanical properties was established when subjected to the tests of tensile, flexion and impact was case 1 and case 2, case 1 conformed of 75% of epoxy resin as Matrix, as reinforcements 3 layers of flat tissue between the cotton fibers with the amount of 7.50% in angle of 90 ° and the fiber of cabuya with 17.50% in angle of 0 ° while the case 2 conformed of 70% Of epoxy resin as a matrix, as reinforcement 3 layers of flat tissue between the cotton fibers with the amount 7.50% in angle of 90 ° and the fiber of cabuya with 22.50% in angle of 0 °, the stratification of all the Specimens was compressed.