Maestria en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental
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Item Factores de riesgo ergonómico y su incidencia en la salud ocupacional del personal operativo de una institución financiera(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2019) Medina Freire, Diana Daniela; Jordán Hidalgo, Edison PatricioThe operational staff of a Financial Institution is exposed to ergonomic risks since the entire Jordanian is in front of a computer, therefore it is necessary to properly identify the risk factors to prevent injuries and occupational diseases. The RULA method is selected to analyze the postural load of a static job, the upper limbs and mainly the back are also analyzed, considering that most of the illnesses suffered by the employees have been in the back area according to the surveys carried out, affect the occupational health of these workers. In the study of furniture it is identified that it is necessary to improve the dispositions of the furniture and devices adapting to the reality of the worker, taking into account that 57% of the operative staff already presents some discomfort or pain, which persists over time, the position must be suitable and with ergonomic design for the development of activities throughout the day. In the risk identification matrix, it establishes that a risk of the operative personnel are forced postures. Once the ergonomic study has been carried out, a proposal is made that includes a program to minimize the ergonomic risk factors, for which a workstation is designed according to the anthropometric dimensions of the operating personnel, a program of active breaks is also carried out, establishing a timetable and muscle group to work ...Item La exposición a material particulado y su repercusión en la salud de los trabajadores en el sector industrial carrocero(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2018) Asas Toapanta, Jairo Fabian; Sánchez Rosero, Carlos HumbertoEXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research work refers to the chemical risk and its impact on the health of the worker. The main objective is to identify, measure, evaluate and control the pollution levels of the workstations with greater exposure to particulate matter, in order to establish preventive measures to protect the health of workers, providing technical information to employers to generate safe work environments. The project shows a methodology for the application of qualitative and quantitative techniques and instruments, the main source of information is the identification of risks of workstations with greater exposure to particulate material that is carried out through the INSHT risk identification matrix , then the measurement process is carried out through the methodology established by the UNE-EN 689 standard Atmospheres in the workplace - Guidelines for the evaluation of exposure by inhalation of chemical agents, to evaluate the levels of concentration, pollutant and to determine the necessary control measures. The results of the chemical risk analysis show that the PM 2.5 particle concentration dose exceeds the VLA-ED® (3 mg / m3 - respirable fraction) for the body preparation work stations with 4.31, dry sanding with 4.64, parts and pieces with 6.37 and roof plates with 1.08, so they are categorized with high risk since their dose is greater than 1 in the four cases. Therefore, a preventive program is proposed to manage the particulate material by establishing control measures at the source, transmission medium and worker, through procedures, work instructions, in addition to improving working conditions and improving the measures of prevention and protection.Item Material particulado y la afección a las vías respiratorias de los trabajadores del área de molino de la empresa Ecuacauchos(2017) Aldaz Berrones, Geovanny Patricio; Chávez Orozco, César AugustoEl presente trabajo de investigación está enfocado en el estudio del riesgo químico, evaluando el nivel de material particulado y la incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores, en el área de molino de la empresa ECUACAUCHOS, cuyo resultado evidencia la importancia y necesidad de implementar acciones correctivas y preventivas, de carácter técnico y administrativo, para cuidar la salud de los trabajadores e identificar dentro de los procesos productivos los puestos de trabajo con mayor exposición a material particulado. Se desarrollan metodologías cualitativas y cuantitativas, mediante el uso de encuesta y entrevista para medir la percepción del trabajador al riesgo al que se halla expuesto, y mediciones de la cantidad de material particulado PM 10 y PM 2,5; análisis médicos (espirometrías), para medir las repercusiones del material particulado en la salud del personal expuesto. Las mediciones de material particulado PM 10 y PM 2,5, con equipos calibrados y certificados, permiten analizar y evaluar los niveles de exposición cuyos resultados determinan las medidas de correctivas a implementarse. Los estudios médicos (espirometrías), permiten identificar la afección a la salud del trabajador expuesto directa e indirectamente al polvo químico resultado de la mezcla de caucho crudo con azufre y óxido de zinc en estado granulado. Culminando con el estudio, se implementan medidas correctivas técnicas y administrativas, implementando un sistema de extracción localizada, constituido por una cabina de extracción, ducto de transporte, equipo de succión y depósito recolector, diseñados a partir de las dimensiones de la máquina “Molino” y medidas administrativas elaborando el “Procedimiento de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales”, cuyo propósito es adoptar medidas para prevenir enfermedades de origen laboral y el “Instructivo de Manejo Seguro y Mantenimiento para el Área de Molino”, cuyo propósito es mantener en condiciones operables el sistema de extracción localizado, y los niveles de generación de polvo químico por debajo del límite permisible.Item Riesgo Mecánico y su incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores del Área de Talleres del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Provincial de Pastaza(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Mazorra Olmedo, Fernando Xavier; Rosero Mantilla, César AníbalEn la provincia de Pastaza debido al alto crecimiento organizacional e industrial ha sido necesario estructurar reglamentos, protocolos y planes de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional debido a los frecuentes accidentes laborales encontrados, así se toma como referencia al Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado Provincial de Pastaza (GADPPz) que adoptado normas de mejoramiento continuo con el marco legal asignando recursos para el desarrollo apropiado de la misma con políticas de Seguridad y Salud Ocupacional, razón por la cual es necesario que los trabajadores del área de talleres sea consciente de los riesgos que conlleva de la actividad que realizan en dicha área. En el área de talleres del GADPPz se han encontrado accidentes laborales debido a que los trabajadores no utilizan adecuadamente sus herramientas de trabajo y equipos de protección personal, existiendo un alto riesgo de accidentes en la manipulación de la maquinaria y por ende los obreros tienen riesgos físicos como: quemaduras, cortes, daños visuales, problemas auditivos, respiratorios; entonces se observa la importancia de la seguridad ocupacional dentro de la misma.Item El estrés como factor de riesgo psicosocial y su incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores de la Empresa MEGAPROFER S.A.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Tello De la Torre, Andrea Fernanda; Mariño Rivera, Christian JoséEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present work was made in the company MEGAPROFER S.A. which is located in Ambato City, in Huachi Belén area. This research studies stress as a psychosocial risk factor and its impact on workers’ health; this paper aims to avoid physical, mental and social health damages of the company's employees, that is why battery of instruments was used for the evaluation of psychosocial risk factors, which was developed by Ministry of Social Protection, that includes three tests that assess factors for work related activities, non-work activities and stress, this tool allows to qualify information to develop programs, plans and actions directed to prevention and control. The results on the evaluation of factors for work related activities and non-work activities showed the following result on workers: very high risk 41.57%, high risk 26.97%, average risk 15.73%, low risk 13.48% and without risk 2.25%, while the results of the stress factors evaluation on workers are: very high risk 32.58%, high risk 29.21%, average risk 11.24%, low risk 17.98% and no risk 8.99%, these results prove the hypothesis that stress as psychosocial risk factor affects workers´ health.Item La manipulación de pacientes y su incidencia en los trastornos musculoesqueléticos en el dorso de las auxiliares de enfermería de las áreas de traumatología, cirugía y emergencia del Hospital General Docente Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) López Cevallos, Mario Rodrigo; Rosero Mantilla, César AníbalEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The research was carried out at the Ambato General Docente Hospital, where it was analyzed how it influences the transport of patients in the musculoskeletal disorders in the back of the nursing auxiliaries of the areas of traumatology, surgery and emergency. In the investigation, the physical load supported by the auxiliaries in each study area was determined, with the risk of suffering from musculoskeletal disorders in the back to determine the relationship between them. Valuation was determined in the dynamic and static load using the RULA and REBA methods as well as the MAPO method to determine the existing aids in each area. All the auxiliaries feel some kind of discomfort in different parts of the body, being the most frequent the upper part of the back as well as the upper limbs, since there is a medium-high range to suffer some kind of musculoskeletal disorder. Comparing the levels of risk in each activity, it was observed that the probability of suffering musculoskeletal disorder is medium-high. The activity that has generated the most musculoskeletal problems is when the patient is transferred from the bed to the stretcher, secondly is the transport of the patients to the different areas.Item Los sitios de trabajo y su relación en la generación de posturas forzadas en las tareas de entubado del proyecto de construcción del sistema de agua potable Chiquihurco Pelileo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Pérez Toapanta, Adriano Efraín; Mariño Rivera, Christian JoséEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present research work is directed the study of ergonomic risk by forced postures, which projects the employer to make decisions about preventive measures that are possible to carry in the construction area in order to take care of the health of workers and to identify inside the processes of tubing, the tasks with greater exposure to forced postures. The main objective is to assess the level of risk by forced postures in the tubing tasks, generating safe working environments. Ergonomic measurements were made directly on the worker using ergonomic methods such as the REBA and the Check List Ocra, resulting in high risk levels due to forced postures and repetitive movements, which leads to better jobs through intervention of staff in this area. Through this need is proposed a prevention program that allows control of ergonomic risk factors by forced postures with necessary intervention, prevailing in the source of danger, in the medium of transmission and finally in the person.Item Los Riesgos en espacios confinados y su incidencia en la salud ocupacional de los trabajadores de la Empresa Industrial Metalmecánica “Talleres Buenaño”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Buenaño Valencia, Edgar Leonardo; Mariño Rivera, Christian JoséEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The research presents the reality of hazards when performing work in confined spaces of autotanks, in which the worker is exposed to incidents, accidents and occupational diseases. In the Industrial Company Talleres Buenaño, maintenance processes are carried out in autotanks, this implies that several tasks will be executed within the confined space of the tank, where there are inherent risks that, when not properly managed, expose the health and life of the worker. The different types of mechanical, physical, chemical and ergonomic hazards have been analyzed. For this purpose, the risk matrix, surveys and interviews with the workers involved in the maintenance processes were used; and also measurements of toxic gases were made. As a result, the existence of risks of falls, drownings, suffocation, burns, electrocution, particle projection, fire, explosion, postural problems, etc., directly affecting Occupational Health of workers was determined. It is proposed as a solution, the elaboration of a Safety Protocol for work in the confined spaces of the tankers that are maintained in the Talleres Buenaño Industrial Company.Item Los factores psicosociales laborales relacionados al distrés y su influencia nociva en la salud ocupacional en la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2016) Martínez Saltos, Pamela Cumandá; Ponce Perugachi, Edwin VinicioEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present investigation describes all the psychosocial factors related to the distress and that generate harmfulness to the occupational health of the UTA in a way that allows to find a correlation of variables obtaining intolerable levels of these factors, all the aforementioned is obtained thanks to the use of the method Psychometric (Method V. Ponce). Inadequate work positions are one of the factors that most present the university servers in addition it accompanies the aspects in which it refers to family relations all this triggering in damages to the health such as muscular, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular problems and even victims of Burt Ount And addiction to work. For which, observing the results found, a proposal was developed that seeks to minimize these factors with a prevention plan focused on occupational health surveillance, which in the future will be evaluated with indicators of progress of the plan.Item Ruido Industrial y su repercusión en las otopatías ocupacionales del personal del Área de Producción, en Empresas Productoras de Botas PVC de la Ciudad de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Sánchez Barreno, Víctor Hugo; Espín Guerrero, Víctor RodrigoEXECUTIVE SUMMARY Given that noise is one of the most common factors of physical or environmental risk in the field of the manufacturing of PVC boots; this project aims primarily to establish a hearing conservation program for workers in production area of MILBOOTS Company as a part of the management system of safety and health at work, which contributes to the prevention of occupational hearing diseases as a result of daily exposure. Occupational noise levels in the organization are in the maximum permissible levels by current legislation in Ecuador (Executive Decree 2393), which results in a decrease in hearing ability of its employees; for proposing this hearing conservation program the levels of industrial noise in the production plant were measured and then an assessment was made. To counteract the physical noise risk factor, it is proposed to establish a hearing preservation program (as a document according to the company's quality management system) containing the following information: a procedure for the identification and qualification of occupational noise , a procedure for the measurement and evaluation environmental risks factor, an instruction for the attenuation of the physical risk factor through the application of acoustic walls, an instructive for the selection of hearing protectors as a personal protection equipment and an instructive for the determination of hearing impairment according to the years of exposure to the work noise of the collaborators of the organization who carry out their activities in the production area, of course all the procedures and instructions must be accompanied by their respective records. The hearing conservation program (with its respective procedures, instructions and records), has been raised for application in the company, according to applicable international regulations.