Laboratorio Clínico
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Item “Estudio de la expresión de genes inductores de apoptosis en línea celular mcf-7 en respuesta al tratamiento de los extractos de las plantas ilex guayusa, uncaria tomentosa y croton lechleri”.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-10-01) Canseco Arrunategui, Maritza Angelica; Bustillos Ortiz PhD., Alcides AlbertoBreast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women around the world, despite advances in medicines and therapies, it remains a public health problem, for this reason it is still necessary to investigate new active compounds that could become candidates for the development of new drugs. In this context, Ecuador is a highly diversified country with a significant number of ancestral plants to which indigenous communities attribute anti-proliferative and anti-carcinogenic properties. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect on the expression of the Bax and bcl-2 genes by polymerase chain reaction in real time (qrt-PCR) extracts of Ilex guayusa, Uncaria tomentosa and Croton lechleri in the MCF7 breast cancer cell line. The extracts were obtained by maceration in ethanol at 96%, lyophilization and were resuspended in PBS 1X. The MFC-7 cell line was treated with the various extracts at a concentration of 3ug/ul for 24 hours. The total RNA was then extracted from the treated cells and its concentration was determined. cDNA was then synthesized and the expression of the Bax and bcl-2 genes was evaluated using a real time PCR. The obtained results showed that the ethanolic extract of Croton lechleri increased the expression of the Bax gene (p<0.05) and decreased the expression of bcl-2 (p<0.001) in relation to MCF7 cells not treated with the extract. The other two excerpts were inconclusive. The results were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA) in addition to a post-hoc Tukey analysis. The significance for Bax was <0.0002 and <0.0001 for bcl-2 between treatments, which is why the alternate hypothesis was accepted.Item “Caracterización fisicoquímica y bacteriológica de las aguas de la laguna de limpiopungo de la zona central del Ecuador”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-10-01) Brito Galarza, Gabriela Estefania; Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo Dr. Mg.The Limpiopungo Lagoon is a tourist attraction of the Cotopaxi National Park, in the place it is possible to make walks and enjoy the associated flora and fauna, the presence of two threatened species should be highlighted: the condor of the Andes, and the Andean bandurria, For the preservation of this lagoon, it is necessary to know what physical chemical and bacteriological characteristics its waters present, which is why this research raises the topic “Physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of the waters of the Limpiopungo Lagoon of the central zone of Ecuador”, with the purpose of physicochemical characterization of the waters of the Limpiopungo Lagoon. With a quantitative approach used to measure physical-chemical parameters obtaining concrete data, these figures allowed to know the water quality index, the quantification of the colonies of existing bacteria in 100 milliliters of water from the Limpiopungo Lagoon was found with the use of 3M Petrifilm, the samples were taken four times twice (morning and afternoon) in six different places. For the identification of bacteria of sanitary importance in the samples cultures were carried out using chromogen-enriched agar agents such as the EMB that allowed to show a variation of the coloration, which makes the research also qualitative. The procedures of sampling, handling and conservation of water are regulated according to Technical Standard: Nte INEN 2169: 2013, in the investigation each literal was applied rigorously. An identification process was carried out through the application of cultures and biochemical tests, contributing to the recognition of six strains, later inoculated, with the purpose of evaluating their behavior against 9 antibiotics (SAM, IMP, CTX, CN, AK, TE , OFX, F, SXT), determining 100% sensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella Ozaenae strains; Klebsiella rhinoescleromatis and Enterobacter cloacae, had a 89% sensitivity; intermediate resistance of the Escherichia coli strain against Nitrofurantoin (F); Serratia marcescens a resistant bacterial response to Ampicillin + sulbactam (SAM) and Nitrofurantoin (F) was observed. Through the Water Quality Index, it is considered that the waters of the Limpiopungo Lagoon are acceptable to the population, placing it in a range of 95%.Item “Evaluación del efecto antibacteriano de los extractos de plantas medicinales del Ecuador”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-10-01) Núñez Hernández, Erika Tatiana; Gudiño Gomezjurado, Marco Esteban Dr.In the last decade, worldwide data shows the continued increase in resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials. All this is due to the abuse, abuse of these substances by humans and the use of antibiotics during agricultural and veterinary practices. So much so, that according to the World Health Organization (WHO) the situation is emerging at the health level, with the consequent socioeconomic impact. Therefore, new alternatives have been sought and one of them is the plant species. Ecuador, owning a great diversity of flora, fauna and ethnic diversity, Aboriginal peoples have used plants to mitigate and cure ailments. Against this background, we set out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 11 plant species against bacteria. Of these, Croton lechleri and Eucalyptus globulus Labil had antibacterial effects in the presence of log10 7.8 CFU of S. aureus ATCC 25923 and log10 8.48 CFU of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 with a minimum bactericidal concentration of 2.5 mg for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and 5 mg for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 with C. lechleri and 5 mg for S. aureus ATCC 25923 and 0.625 for L. monocytogenes ATCC 19115 with Eucalyptus globulus Labil.Item “La influencia del sobrepeso sobre la lipemia postprandial cuantificada a las 2 y 4 horas en personas entre 30 a 50 años de edad de la asociación de campesinos unidos del cantón Quero (asocucq)”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Estimulación Temprana, 2019-09-01) Contreras Guerrero, Jonathan Fabian; Pacha Jara, Ana GabrielaBqf.Cardiovascular illnesses are constituted as one of the principle causes of death at a world level, a variety of factors have been described as causes for these types of illnesses, among the most important of these is obesity, which is considered a latent factor of coronary problems because of the abnormal accumulation of fat at the level of the blood vessels, a few studies revealed the repercussions that being overweight can have on the persons health, , being a causative agent that has not been given the necessary importance as a determinant of cardiovascular risk, the postprandial lipemia is characterized by the increase of lipoproteins rich in triglycerides after the ingestion of foods forming part of the elements that can alter the metabolic state of the individual, the objective of the investigation was to determine how being overweight can influence the postprandial lipemia quantified at 2 and 4 hours after daily breakfast. A correlational study was realized, transversal and bibliographic, where the population studied were 150 persons, forming two groups, first the control population without overweight conformed of 75 subjects (30 men and 45 women) the second conformed of 75 overweight subjects (28 men and 47 women) from the United Farmers Association of Canton Quero (ASOCUCQ). For this study an analytical determination was realized of the fasting lipid profile, and in the established intervals as objective, obtaining results that evidenced elevated percentages in overweight persons that showed alterations in the postprandial of serum lipids with a statistically significant difference p <0.05 with respect to the control population where the alterations of these concentrations were inferior, finally assuming in conclusion that the persons being overweight was related to the cardiometabolic alterations associated with the cardiovascular risks differing from the subjects with a healthy weight in which metabolic risks were considerably lower.Item Niveles de hierro sérico y su relación con los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada (hba1c), en personas diabéticas y no diabéticas de 40 a 80 años de edad, en la parroquia Izamba.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Estimulación Temprana, 2019-09-01) Jaque Yancha, Viviana Alexandra; Pacha Jara Mg. Bqf., Ana GabrielaThe measurement of HbA1c levels is considered as a vital test in the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes treatment. Updated researches have shown that the deficiency of serum iron can tend to raise HbA1c levels concentration, regardless of the glycemic state in which the person is. Therefore, this studio aimed to identify the relationship of serum iron levels and HbA1c levels in diabetic and non-diabetic people from 40 to 80 years old who are from Izamba Parish, through clinical determination of glucose, serum iron and HbA1c in fasting condition and obtaining as a result that 15 healthy people of which 13 are women and 2 men without anemia nor diabetes proved concentrations of serum iron in low levels and an increase of HbA1c levels, which is statistically significant when one (p <0.05) is found under a 95% confidence interval despite having a healthy blood glucose, in the pathological population (diabetics), it was evidenced that 5 people had low iron concentrations, Therefore, in this study the existence of a relationship between serum iron levels and HbA1c was found.Item “Actividad antifúngica de los extractos de plantas croton lechleri y maytenus laevis en cepas de candida albicans atcc 10231”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-09-01) Borja Herrera, Edgar Humberto; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario Fernando Lic. MSc.Candida albicans is a type of fungy mainly known as having an important opportunistic behavior, and because of its increased incidence and treatment, it has become highly resistant to drugs. For this reason, the goal of this research is to evaluate the active substances from the flowering such as Croton lechleri and Maytenus laevis gotten from the country widespread rainforest and used mainly by the Shuar tribe in Ecuador. It was performed a maceration and a lyophilization of Croton lechleri (latex cortex) y Maytenus laevis (cortex), next to prepare the ethanol-based extracts. The antifungal activity was inferred by the agar distribution technique (sabouraud) placing into the bowls in the growing environment 100uL y 200uL from the concentration extracts 1/10. It was observed the inhibition haloes appearance in the growing yeast next to the Croton lechleri, but no appearance of haloes next to Maytenus laevis. To ensure that the results are consistent, it was performed the sensibility breeding test, where it was evident again the growing inhibition of the yeast next to the Croton lechleri extract to concentrations of 10mg/mL y 20mg/mL, with no positive results for Maytenus laevis. The statistical data analysis was done using the Graph Pad Prism 6 software, performing a variance analysis (ANOVA) and T de Student.Item “Caracterización fisicoquímica y bacteriológica de las aguas de la laguna de Langos de la zona central del Ecuador”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-09-01) Tisalema Bejarano, Angel Alexander; Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo Dr.The objective of this study is to characterize the physical-chemical and bacteriological parameters of the waters of Laguna de Langos, located in the Guano Canton of the Province of Chimborazo, since there are no studies on the parameters of this lagoon and it is a problem of type sanitary for the inhabitants and tourists who visit it. A descriptive and exploratory study was proposed, where the main parameters, physical, chemical and bacteriological were analyzed following the NTE INEN 1105 Standards for sampling and microbiological water examination, obtaining the following results: temperature (16.01 ° C), color (Colorless), odor (Unpleasant), pH (7.14), conductivity (1913 uS / cm), Dissolved Total Solids (975 mg / L), Turbidity (5.32 UTN), sulfates (918.4 mg / L), nitrates (0.44 mg) / L), nitrites (0.0046 mg / L), alkalinity (260 mg / L), Ammonia (0.48 mg / L), Escherichia coli count (4.3 CFU / mL), total coliform count (318 CFU / mL), total aerobic count (864 CFU / mL). Which in comparison with the Environmental Quality and Resources: Water Standard, 45% of parameters are outside the allowed limit values and it was determined that the water is not safe for any of the uses specified in this norm. Also, we identified 9 bacterial strains and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, Escherichia coli (Imipenem), Enterobacter agglomerans (Ofloxacin), Enterobacter sakazakii (Cefotaxime), Klebsiella pneumoniae (Imipenem), Klebsiella oxytoca (Cefotaxime), Klebsiella ozaenae (Cefotaxime), Citrobacter freundii (Cefotaxime), Proteus vulgaris (Imipenem) and Serratia liquefaciens (Cefotaxime). The antibiotics that are in parentheses are those that presented greater sensitivity each bacterial strain. In conclusion, the water in the lagoon represents a risk to health, both for the population living in its surroundings and for visitors.Item “Valores séricos de anticuerpos (igg) antitetánicos y su relación con el desarrollo de preeclampsia en mujeres embarazadas que cursan el tercer trimestre de gestación”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-08-01) Carrera Quizhpe, Darío Xavier; Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina Dra. Esp.The study of serum anti-tetanus IgG values is a new, innovative and very important research for the country because there are no previous studies on this subject. This project was carried out between the Ambato General Teaching Hospital, the Technical University of Ambato and the San Francisco University of Quito, whose main objective was to analyze the serum values of anti-tetanus IgG antibodies and establish whether the preeclamptic patients are fully immunized according to the scheme of the Ministry of Public Health of Ecuador. The type of research was exploratory because there are not enough previous studies in the country, it is also cross-sectional descriptive because the data of the demographic variables collected in a given period of time were analyzed on a predefined population or sample, since the objective was to verify the hypothesis proposed and to verify if there are protective titers of antitetanic IgG in pregnant women with preeclampsia. The study population was 73 preeclamptic patients who were in the third trimester of pregnancy, this sample was calculated by applying the sample size formula to obtain a proportion in a finite or known population. The results obtained in the present investigation through the ELISA test in the laboratory and Pearson's Chi-square Frequency Descriptive and Chi-square statistical estimators allowed us to know the most representative demographic variables in which preeclampsia and equals are more frequent. To corroborate that the titers of the antitetanic IgG are directly proportional to the time of placement of the last dose of the dT vaccine. It was concluded that the preeclamptic patients studied have anti-tetanus IgG titers in high concentrations with a mean of 86.31 IU, this being a high value and in turn protective against the infectious agent producing tetanus and confirming that patients are immunized..Item “Situación actual del virus del papiloma humano (vph) de alto y bajo riesgo asociado a lesiones cervicales en mujeres del ecuador.”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-07-01) Falcón Córdova, Diana Carolina; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit PhDInfection caused by Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted in women, the causative factor of cervical cancer, the second leading cause of death in Ecuador. Information about this casuistry in the country is limited and inconclusive about genotypes and variants of HPV, associated with cancerous cervical lesions. In recent years, insufficient data has been generated that can predict the impact of HPV on women in Ecuador The methodology used to perform the meta-analysis of this bibliographic document was based on a systematic search of all the research carried out in the last 10 years on the prevalence of HPV in Ecuador, through academic search engines using Boolean operators that allowed a more specific search. for data collection and elaboration of analysis tables. The results obtained indicated that genotypes 16.58 and 18 percent are the most prevalent in Ecuador. Noting that there is only research generated in the South and the coastal region of Ecuador and that the data is neither homogeneous nor sufficient to generate statistical data on the current situation. To know the situation of the distribution of HPV in the country, a large-scale epidemiological and phylogenetic characterization should be carried out, establishing study methodologies, sampling and measurement variables that allow a better definition of this problem; since prevention measures taken to counteract cervical cancer in the country would not be the most appropriate, aggravating the situation more due to the migratory movements generated in recent timesItem “Determinación de Salmonella Typhi y su relación a enfermedades diarreicas en los comerciantes del mercado mayorista de la cuidad de Ambato”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-05-01) Coba Mejía, Nelson Xavier; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor HernánBqf. Mg.Gastrointestinal diseases are one of the main public health problems in Ecuador. They are transmitted, either by fecal-oral route, or by the consumption of contaminated water or food. Its incidence as its prevalence depends on the socioeconomic level of the patients and mainly affects the child population. The pathogens involved are viruses, parasites and bacteria. The identification of these, in clinical laboratories, focuses on clinical pathogens such as: Salmonella, Shigella, Escherichia, Vibrio, Campylobacter and Yersinia. The objective of the present study was to identify S. Typhi, as a causative agent of gastrointestinal infections in wholesale market traders, by means of the Rapid S. Typhi Antigen Test Card immunochromatography test, to verify by biochemical tests the specificity of the test and to establish the profiles of sensitivity and / or resistance presented by the bacterium isolated by antibiogram by the Kirby-Bauer method. Fifty patients were surveyed and the test was performed with Rapid S. Typhi Antigen Test Card immunochromatography in search of S. Typhi. 20% of the samples tested positive for S. typhi. The biochemical tests performed in the media TSI, SIM, Urea, Citrate, Malonate, RM-VP gave 100% positivity for S. Typhi. The antibiogram reflex resistance of 20% of the strains to Ampicillin and 100% sensitivity to Ceftazidime, Amoxicillin + Ac. Clavulanic, Trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole, Tetracycline, Gentamycin, Ac. Nalidixico and Ceftriaxone. It was established that of the 50 cases of patients with diarrheic processes, only 20% was due to S. Typhi bacteria.