Laboratorio Clínico
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Item Ácido úrico como biomarcador predictivo de la preeclampsia(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-21) Ricachi Sulca, Daniel Stalin; Rosero Freire, Daniela AlexandraPreeclampsia is a hypertensive complication of pregnancy, which is associated with high levels of maternal and fetal morbidity. About 5 to 8% of pregnancies are affected by this gestational disorder. Renal, cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, neurologic dysfunction; hematologic disorders; fetal growth restriction; stillbirth; and maternal death are the serious complications that can occur in preeclampsia. Hyperuricemia is a biomarker that shows the progression of gestational hypertension and the risk of fetal and maternal complications as it induces the release of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β and IL6. According to different investigations, authors indicate that high uric acid levels were notable in the second trimester in women who developed preeclampsia. Investigators estimate concentrations reported to be 6.08 ± 0.49 mg/dL versus 5.20 ± 0.19 mg/dL, and emphasize that at least 25.9% of hyperuricemic preeclamptic women (>6 mg/dL) were referred to the special care unit. The present study aims to collect current information with the purpose of clarifying the role of uric acid as a predictive biomarker in preeclampsia, in order to determine its diagnostic value in this gestational complication.Item Acinetobacter Baumannii Complex resistente a los Carbapenémicos una revisión en Latinoamérica(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-20) Manobanda Nata, Christian Ivan; Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn KatherineAcinetobacter baumannii complex es un patógeno capaz de producir infecciones intrahospitalarias, en pacientes inmunodeprimidos, el microorganismo es resistente a los carbapenémicos y dentro de las unidades de salud es difícil de controlarlo. Métodos: Es un estudio de revisión bibliográfica tipo documental sobre la resistencia a los carbapenémicos de Acinetobacter baumannii complex en Latinoamérica, utilizando diferentes bases de datos: Pubmed, Google Académico, Scielo, Dialnet y Redalyc para la selección de artículos se aplicó los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, además para encontrar valores significativos se realizó la prueba tStudent. Resultados: La resistencia a los carbapenémicos en A. baumannii complex se reporta en todos los países de Latinoamérica, predominando el grupo de genes de familia de las oxacilinas (OXA-23 y OXA-51), a diferencia de las metalo- betalactamasas no son muy frecuentes y se ha identificado en menor cantidad de aislamientos, no obstante, Perú y Argentina mostraron altos porcentajes de resistencia, además la mayoría de los aislamientos positivos del microorganismo proviene de aspirados traqueales. Conclusiones: La revisión permite conocer la situación de la resistencia a los carbapenémicos en Latinoamérica, los diferentes genes identificados han otorgado gran variedad de resistencia al microorganismo, es necesario mantener la vigilancia de este microorganismo con el fin de investigar nuevas alternativas terapéuticas frente a este patógeno.Item Acteriofagos como posible terapia antibacteriana frente a pseudomonas aeruginosa en pacientes con quemaduras(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-21) Paredes Condo, María Fernanda; Ron Mora, Álvaro SebastiánPseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most relevant infectious bacterial pathogens, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates among hospitalized patients with burns due to its easy development of resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics. This constitutes a significant health problem due to the increased virulence factors, expression of resistance-related enzymes, and the development of biofilms. Due to the emergence of resistance, alternative phage therapy has been considered. Objective: To describe therapeutic failure with antibiotics and specify the bacteriophages that have been studied as a potential antibacterial treatment against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methodology and materials: This literature review was conducted using a documentary approach with a descriptive and retrospective analysis. Scientific articles in English and Spanish published from 2017 onwards until 2023 were utilized. Conclusions: Specific phages, Pa1 and Pa2, belonging to Caudovirales and Siphoviridae family, were identified as highly stable phages with significant potential, confirming that lytic phages can be used as an effective agent against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, phage therapy in humans is still under development and has not been established as a widespread clinical practiceItem “Actividad anti-biofilm de los extractos de plantas Urtica dioica L., Ilex guayusa Y Uncaria tomentosa EN Staphylococcus aureus.”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-02-01) Espinosa Caiza, Erika Pamela; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario FernandoLic. MSc.Staphylococcus aureus, which is part of the habitual microbiota of skin and mucous membranes, often generates bacterial infections in patients carrying biomedical devices, increasing the rate of resistance to antibiotics due to the ability to produce biofilm or biofilms thanks to the presence of Bap proteins, reason the present work focuses on evaluating the properties of medicinal plants found in the extensive flora of Ecuador. For the in vitro test, we worked from ethanolic extracts obtained by maceration of 3 medicinal plants: Ilex guayusa (leaves), Uncaria tomentosa (bark) and Urtica dioica (leaves). The antimicrobial activity was determined by means of the well diffusion technique, obtaining halos of inhibition of 7mm, 9mm and 7mm, respectively and it is correlated in microtiter plates evaluating its inhibition based on concentrations of 80 mg/mL for I. guayusa, 50 mg/mL for U. tomentosa and U. dioica showing at the end of 24 h. a significant difference in the inhibition of bacterial growth. To evaluate the anti-biofilm activity of the extracts against S. aureus producing biofilm, it was carried out by staining with 1% violet crystal, where 2 of the 3 plants under study inhibited their formation with a percentage higher than 50%, in concentrations of 5; 2.5 and 1.25 mg/Μl. Statistical analysis of data was performed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test using the SPSS data package, obtaining a significance <0.05 which allows us to accept the alternative hypothesis.Item “Actividad anti-metastásica y anti-proliferativa de los extractos de plantas ilex guayusa, uncaria tomentosa y croton lechleri, en la línea celular mcf7 de cáncer de mama”(2020-01-01) Cortez Pinto, Juan Carlos; Bustillos Ortiz, Alberto AlcidesPhD.Breast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women worldwide, among the most common neoplasms in the female sex followed by cervical, thyroid, stomach and colorectal cancer; breast cancer is the neoplasm that has the greatest impact in Ecuadorian women. In this context, Ecuador is a country with a great biodiversity in flora and ethnicities, where plants have been used over time as a treatment for various diseases. Ancestral knowledge and the use of plants in the country are transmitted empirically, hence the importance of derived research that provides a scientific sustenance of their effects. The objective of the research was to evaluate the anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effect of Ilex guayusa, Uncaria tomentosa and Croton lechleri extracts on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The extracts were obtained by maceration in 96% ethanol, distillation, freeze-dried and resuspended in PBS 1X. I know used the MFC-7 cell line for the surface adhesion-dependent clonogenic assay, as well as for the assay called Soft Agar, each assay consisted of evaluating the effect of various concentrations of the extracts, with such concentrations being 3 µg/µL, 0.3 µg/µL and 0.03 µg/µL. The results showed that several of the extracts analyzed possessed an anti-proliferative activity on MCF-7, with Croton lechleri extract having the greatest effect in inhibiting cell proliferation. Furthermore, the Soft Agar trial, made it possible to determine that the extracts of Ilex guayusa had an anti-metastasic activity dependent on concentration, the higher concentration effect; Uncaria tomentosa and Croton lechleri had a greater effect in inducing metastasis, where total effectiveness was observed in dilutions 3 µg/µL and 0.3 µg/µL; presenting in the dilution 0.03 µg/µL of Croton lechleri a significantly positive anti-metastasic activity compared to Positive Control. The results were analyzed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) Conpos Test de Tukey, obtaining a significance of ≤ 0.05 which allows us to accept the alternating hypothesis.Item ACTIVIDAD ANTIFÚNGICA DE ACEITES ESENCIALES EN CANDIDA ALBICANS ATCC 10231(2025-02-25) Trujillo Ruiz, John Michael; Proaño Pérez, María ElizabethCandida albicans is a yeast located in the mouth, vagina, intestine, throat, and skin, which can proliferate and generate infections when people have a weakened immune system (1). This yeast generates biofilms, giving it a virulence mechanism and resistance to drugs such as amphotericin B or fluconazole (2)(3)(4). To address this problem, the use of essential oils with antimicrobial properties has been chosen, enhancing this effect through microencapsulation to protect the functional and biological characteristics (5)(6). This research study rigorously examined the remarkable antifungal properties of essential oils derived from Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Ocimum basilicum (basil), and Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) against Candida albicans ATCC 10231. The Kirby-Bauer technique was modified according to the CLSI M02 standard. (7). Antifungal activity of essential oils was observed at concentrations up to 25 mg/mL for Ocimum basilicum and Cymbopogon citratus. In comparison, Rosmarinus officinalis showed activity at concentrations up to 50 mg/mL. The antibiofilm activity of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil was assessed using crystal violet dye staining, demonstrating significant inhibition from a concentration of 50 mg/mL to 12.5 mg/mL. The statistical analysis was conducted using an ANOVA test and Tukey's and Bonferroni's multiple comparison analyses. The findings indicated that the essential oils inhibit the growth and development of biofilm in Candida albicans ATCC 10231.Item “Actividad antifúngica de los extractos de plantas croton lechleri y maytenus laevis en cepas de candida albicans atcc 10231”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2019-09-01) Borja Herrera, Edgar Humberto; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario Fernando Lic. MSc.Candida albicans is a type of fungy mainly known as having an important opportunistic behavior, and because of its increased incidence and treatment, it has become highly resistant to drugs. For this reason, the goal of this research is to evaluate the active substances from the flowering such as Croton lechleri and Maytenus laevis gotten from the country widespread rainforest and used mainly by the Shuar tribe in Ecuador. It was performed a maceration and a lyophilization of Croton lechleri (latex cortex) y Maytenus laevis (cortex), next to prepare the ethanol-based extracts. The antifungal activity was inferred by the agar distribution technique (sabouraud) placing into the bowls in the growing environment 100uL y 200uL from the concentration extracts 1/10. It was observed the inhibition haloes appearance in the growing yeast next to the Croton lechleri, but no appearance of haloes next to Maytenus laevis. To ensure that the results are consistent, it was performed the sensibility breeding test, where it was evident again the growing inhibition of the yeast next to the Croton lechleri extract to concentrations of 10mg/mL y 20mg/mL, with no positive results for Maytenus laevis. The statistical data analysis was done using the Graph Pad Prism 6 software, performing a variance analysis (ANOVA) and T de Student.Item “Actividad antimicrobiana de extractos de baccharis salicifolia y mansoa alliacea en escherichia coli”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2016-04-01) Rueda Castillo, Yajaira Marilin; Proaño Pérez, María Elizabeth Msc.Escherichia coli is one of the most common bacteria causing urinary tract infections and foodborne diseases, the incidence of this bacterium has caused a high rate of resistance to drugs. Baccharis salicifolia and Mansoa alliacea are medicinal plants with important pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antipyretic and anticancer, used mainly by the indigenous and Shuar population of Ecuador. The present investigation had the objective of establishing the antimicrobial activity of these medicinal plants in Escherichia coli. The methods used to obtain the extracts were maceration in ethanol and decoction. To evaluate the antimicrobial activity, the logarithmic phase of Escherichia coli was determined, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated by means of 600nm readings correlated with the microbial viability of the Bromide 3- (4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-) test. ilo) -2,5-diphenyltetrazole (MTT) and checked on Mueller Hinton agar. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA; obtaining as a result that the extract of Baccharis salicifolia presented a CIM 16.2, 8.1 and 4.1g / mL while Mansoa alliacea showed a CIM 14.2 and 7.1g / mL. According to the findings of this study, it can be considered that Baccharis salicifolia and Mansoa alliacea contain active ingredients that act as antimicrobial agentsItem “Actividad citotóxica de extractos de uncaria tomentosa y mansoa alliacea en líneas celulares de cáncer de mama”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2018-09-01) Bustos Ulloa, Pamela Lizbeth; Lcda. Proaño Pérez, María Elizabeth Mg.Breast cancer is a disease that has claimed the lives of many women around the world, due to it is great impact on the population this disease represents a critical public health problem that requires more research at the therapeutic level. In Ecuador the use of ancestral medicine to relieve infectious diseases through plants with antitumor properties is a custom that has been preserved up to now. Given that our country has considerable botanical diversity, it increases the motivation to evaluate and corroborate the properties attributed to them. This research project aimed to determine the cytotoxic activity of ethanolic extracts of Uncaria tomentosa y Mansoa alliacea on breast cancer cell lines by means of techniques of culture and cell viability. Several studies describe that the extracts of these species generate a toxic effect on tumor cells, which makes them candidates to be studied chemically and pharmacologically with broad future perspectives. In this research the extracts of the species Uncaria tomentosa and Mansoa alliacea were obtained through maceration techniques with ethanol. The concentrates were lyophilized and resuspended in PBS (phosphate-buffered saline), likewise, the amount of proteins was quantified using Bradford technique. The results from the MTT cell viability assay were: for the extract of Uncaria tomentosa an IC50 of 0.0903µg/mL, while for Mansoa alliacea it was 0.2205µg/mL. Finally, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out in addition to a Tukey post-hoc analysis. Significance less than <0.05 was obtained, which is why the alternative hypothesis was accepted, that described: Uncaria tomentosa and Mansoa alliacea extracts have cytotoxic activity on the MCF-7 ATCC® HTB-22 ™ cell line.Item ACTUALIZACIÓN DE TÉCNICAS DIAGNÓSTICAS EN LEISHMANIASIS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-13) Cobo Carrasco, Lorena Elizabeth; Pérez Laborde, Elena JohannaIntroduction Leishmaniasis is a persistent disease caused by the bite of a sandfly carrying the Leishmania parasite. Clinical manifestations include lesions of the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs. Parasite diagnosis is characterized by direct observation of the parasite by staining methods. Immunological tests determine the patient's humoral response. Molecular tests, such as conventional PCR, identify the subgenome and genome of the parasite by amplification of a specific DNA or RNA sequence. This research provides a set of techniques applicable to the diagnosis of leishmaniasis, with the loopmediated isothermal amplification method (LAMP) being a rapid DNA or RNA sequence amplification test that does not require sophisticated equipment and has a sensitivity and specificity of 100 %. In addition, the efficacy of artificial intelligence using database-driven algorithms to diagnose cutaneous Leishmania was examined. A literature review of scientific articles in databases such as PubMed, SciELO and Elsevier was carried out to perform a descriptive analysis of current and future diagnostic methods in Leishmaniasis.Item Actualización en técnicas diagnósticas de Amebiasis(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-03-04) Garcés Curay, Kevin Adrián; Pérez Laborde, Elena JohannaAmebiasis is an intestinal infection prevalent throughout the world, with the population of underdeveloped and tropical countries being the most affected. The disease is caused by the genus Entamoeba, Entamoeba histolytica is considered the only pathogenic species for humans, affecting the intestine, lung, brain and liver with the formation of abscesses. The data on the prevalence and incidence of amebiasis are considered to be overestimated, because traditionally the epidemiology of the disease has been studied by direct observation by microscopy, a technique that does not facilitate the differentiation of E. histolytica from other morphologically similar and non-pathogenic amoebas. To identify the real rate of amebiasis infection, techniques and methods have been implemented that moderately increase the diagnostic specificity of amebiasis, such as concentration techniques (Faust and Ritchie), stains, cultures and blood tests; these methods have not been able to resolve this problem public health problem. With the arrival of technology, laboratories have managed to implement techniques that identify microorganisms at a molecular level using techniques such as: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or Loopmediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), whose specificity rate is close to 100%, which they are considered novel techniques whose objective is to update the diagnostic process of amebiasis.Item ACTUALIZACIÓN EN TÉCNICAS DIAGNÓSTICAS DE SALMONELLA SPP(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) López Garcés, Rothman Josué; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario FernandoThis study investigated the different traditional and automated methods for the identification of Salmonella spp and its different strains. Salmonellosis, is an intestinal infection caused by Gram-negative bacteria of the Salmonella genus, has a high prevalence worldwide, being one of the third causes of deaths from food poisoning. It is a zoonotic bacterium that has the ability to spread between animals and humans, colonizes the intestine and is excreted through feces, this being the main vector of contamination. A detailed bibliographic search was used in scientific databases, selecting articles with greater relevance and methodological quality. The findings support the existence of culture media, rapid cassette tests, molecular, immunological and colorimetric techniques, each technique has its advantages and disadvantages such as cost, type of processing, type of technology, response time, sensitivity and specificity, of These comparisons highlight the importance of considering both clinical experience and scientific evidence for an accurate diagnosis. In conclusion, the use of culture media still remains the most used method, due to its easy implementation and low cost, enhanced by the appearance of new culture media such as chromogenic media, which facilitate diagnosis. However, Molecular Biology techniques are considered the Gold Standard for the detection of different analytes and pathogens, due to their high sensitivity and specificity generated in each test (greater than 95%) with a fast response time. These results could help in the development of more effective public health plans for adequate identification of Salmonella spp and its different strains.Item “Agentes bacterianos y su relación con el índice de resistencia en los antibiogramas en urocultivos de adultos mayores de 60 – 80 años de edad que acuden al laboratorio clínico del subcentro de salud tipo “C” de Quero en el período 2014”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2015-04-01) Santamaría Dáger, Cristian Oswaldo; BQF. Tinajero Vásconez, María FernandaEn la investigación se determinó la presencia de agentes bacterianos y su relación con el índice de resistencia en los antibiogramas en urocultivos de adultos mayores de 60 – 80 años de edad que acuden al Laboratorio Clínico del Subcentro de Salud Tipo “C” de Quero, la investigación se hizo mediante la recolección directa de las muestras de orina. El procesamiento de las muestras se realizó en Medlab Laboratorio privado ubicado en la cuidad de Pelileo que cumple con las normas de bioseguridad para garantizar el proceso y la obtención de los resultados, en donde se pudo establecer que los adultos mayores de género femenino son más accesibles a la contaminación con agentes bacterianos a nivel del tracto urinario. Se realizó el urocultivo permitiendo la identificación de los agentes bacterianos que están presentes en los pacientes estableciendo como predominancia indistintamente del género la Escherichia coli que se ha podido evidenciar en los resultados obtenidos que corresponde al 19.6% de la población de estudio, seguido de la Klebsiella oxytoca correspondiente al 13.7% de la población de estudio Pseudomona aeruginosa con el 7.8%, Enterobacter s.p. con un 5.9 %, Enterobacter agglomerans ,Proteus vulgaris y Proteus mirabilis con el 3.9%, Stafilococcus aureus coagulasa positiva, Stafilococcus epidermis y Acromobacter s.p. con un 2.0% y un 35.3% sin crecimiento de agentes bacterianos que corresponden al 100% de la población de estudio, lo que evidencia que estas bacterias se presenta con mayor frecuencia en las vías urinarias como consecuencia directa de una inadecuada higiene personal por vivir en zonas rurales, en convivencia de animales y como otro factor es la edad avanzada, sin embargo también hemos hecho el estudio del índice de resistencia y sensibilidad en los antibiogramas de esta manera haciendo un perfil de cada uno para proponer una guía de manejo y tratamiento para los agentes bacterianos. Los resultados obtenidos en esta investigación tienen como finalidad la difusión de la relación de la sensibilidad y la resistencia de las bacterias frente a los antimicrobianos utilizados en nuestro medio, en comparación con los resultados de otros estudios.Item Alteración de la creatinina asociada a la ingesta de litio por tratamiento en pacientes con desórdenes mentales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-09-01) Mullo Moreno, Gabriela Alexandra; Pacha Jara, Ana Gabriela, Lic Mg.This bibliographic review focuses on the collection of information on renal alterations caused by treatment based on the administration of lithium, this article contains information that deals with various aspects that consolidate the criteria of many authors. Mental disorders are alterations that prevent patients who suffer from them from having total control over their emotional state, requiring the administration of drugs that replace this control. Lithium is a drug that over the years has been used for its better pharmacological performance when it comes to prophylaxis, control of patients with mental disorders. However, there was currently a reduction in consumption, due to its potential to cause nephrotoxicity alterations in patients who consume it for long periods and patients with concomitant diseases.Item Alteración del perfil lípidico y su relación con la presión arterial y estilo de vida de los estudiantes de la carrera de Laboratorio Clínico de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Morales Núñez, Elvis Andre; Pacha Jara, Ana Gabriela Bqf. MgCurrently, worldwide, hypertensive diseases have come to affect the general population, being a serious problem for the health system, since they represent a high risk of population morbidity and mortality; For this reason, it is important to maintain frequent controls of the lipid profile that allows diagnosis, prevention and timely treatment to avoid progressive damage to the health status of people. Thus, the main objective of this research lies in determining the relationship between the alteration of the lipid profile, blood pressure and lifestyle of the students of the Clinical Laboratory Career of the Technical University of Ambato. The methodology used was epidemiolo gical and public health; based on a qualitative approach, basic modality, field, documentary, laboratory; using a survey, taking blood samples and taking blood pressure for 3 consecutive days of 80 students divided into 40 students as a control population and 40 as a pathological population. Regarding the results obtained, the existence of alterations in the lipid profile is evident, so after the application of the Chi-square test, it is asserted that the alterations in the lipid profile are not related to alterations in blood pressure or style. of life of university students, due to the age of the population, since being active young people,xv there is no major vulnerability in the state of health in the short term; however, subsequently, there is a high hypertensive risk if the same lifestyle is maintaineItem ALTERACIÓN EN EL PERFIL TIROIDEO EN TRABAJADORES FLORÍCOLAS POR EL USO DE PESTICIDAS Y FERTILIZANTES EN LA PARROQUIA RURAL DE ALÁQUEZ DEL CANTÓN LATACUNGA(2025-02-24) Bustillos Mallitásig, Pedro Alejandro; Ron Mora, Álvaro Sebastián; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoThe present descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, and case-control study aimed to evaluate alterations in the thyroid profile (TSH-FT3-FT4) caused by the use of fertilizers and pesticides among floriculture workers of SANBELFLOWERS CIA. LTDA, located in the rural parish of Aláquez, Latacunga Canton. To achieve this, 41 blood samples from the group exposed to fertilizers and pesticides (case) and 40 blood samples from non-exposed individuals (control) were analyzed. Additionally, a survey was conducted among the exposed group (case) to gather information about the risk factors associated with agrochemical exposure. The results indicated that all 40 non-exposed individuals (control) showed a normal thyroid profile, while 11 out of the 41 exposed floriculture workers (case) exhibited a prevalence of hypothyroidism. Consequently, upon performing the statistical test—Fisher’s exact test—a statistical significance of 5% was determined, as the two-tailed “p” value was less than 0.05. This finding indicates a relationship between exposure to pesticides and fertilizers and the prevalence of hypothyroidism among the exposed individuals (cases).Item Alteraciones del perfil lipídico como factor de riesgo de insulinoresistencia en adolescentes con sobrepeso y obesidad(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Pico Rivera, Patricia Nathaly; Pacha Jara, Ana Gabriela Bqf. Mg.Measurement of HOMA-IR is considered a vitally important test in the diagnosis and monitoring of insulin resistance. Previous studies have shown that alterations in weight, lipid profile and insulin can raise HOMA-IR concentrations independently of the patient's glycaemic status. Therefore, the aim of this study was to relate alterations in the lipid profile as a risk factor for the development of insulin resistance in overweight and obese adolescents aged 10 to 15 years, from the "La Providencia" Educational Unit, through the clinical determination of insulin, glucose, triglycerides, fasting cholesterol and HOMA-IR, obtaining as a result that 13 people with normal weight, of whom 11 women and 2 men presented altered concentrations of HOMAIR, Despite having a healthy glycaemia and lipid profile, in the pathological population (overweight and obesity), it was found that 27 people presented high concentrations of the HOMA index, divided into 17 women and 10 men, in which a slight alteration in their cholesterol, triglycerides or both was observed, so that in this study a relationship was found to exist between the alterations in the lipid profile values and the HOMAIR.Item ALTERACIONES EN EL PERFIL LIPÍDICO Y TRANSAMINASAS SÉRICAS EN EL PRONÓSTICO DE ENFERMEDAD DE HÍGADO GRASO NO ALCOHÓLICO EN EL PERSONAL DEL GADM PÍLLARO(2025-02-25) Alvarez Chasi, Katherine Janeth; Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition in individuals with overweight, obesity, and metabolic disorders, which can progress to advanced stages of liver damage, including steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between lipid profile, serum transaminases, and factors such as age, sex, dietary habits, and body mass index (BMI) in the staff of GADM Píllaro. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 68 participants, collecting anthropometric (weight, height, BMI) and biochemical (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, AST, and ALT) data. Statistical analyses included Chi-Square tests and Pearson and Spearman correlations, identifying significant associations between age and AST and ALT levels. The results revealed that 94.12% of the samples analyzed showed at least one alteration in the six biochemical parameters studied. Furthermore, 38.23% of the participants were at high risk of developing NAFLD, associated with multiple metabolic alterations and unfavorable conditions such as overweight, obesity, physical inactivity, and unhealthy dietary habits. In the lipid profile, the most frequently altered parameters were total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL. Additionally, an increase in serum transaminase levels was observed, suggesting possible hepatic impairment related to adverse metabolic and anthropometric factors.Item Alteraciones eritrocitarias en pacientes con diabetes mellitus: revisión sistemática(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-10) Torres Palate, Jessica Vanessa; Ramos Ramírez, Martha Cecilia MSc. Bqf.Diabetes Mellitus (DM) presents a hyperglycemia that causes hematological disorders, consequently, changes in erythrocytes at structural, functional and rheological level are presented, one of the alterations is the decrease of erythrocytes, increase in aggregation and erythrocyte sedimentation rate among others. These multiple changes in erythrocytes can generate greater viscosity and produce a disturbed microcirculation. One of the difficulties in patients with DM who present erythrocyte alterations is anemia due to the decrease of erythrocytes, anemia is 2 to 3 times more frequent in patients who present the pathology than in those who do not suffer from Diabetes Mellitus, in addition patients with DM can present anemia with absence or presence of nephropathies. There are two types of anemia, among them we have anemia due to chronic diseases and iron deficiency. It is necessary to perform tests of glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting glucose test, to prevent possible pathologies associated with DM, once diagnosed DM can be observed the different alterations of erythrocytes in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) by scanning electron microscopy and anatomical force microscopy, complete blood counts and complementary tests are also performed to identify erythrocyte alterations, anemia and the types of anemia presented by the pathology, this is essential to minimize the high mortality rate. The objective of this review is to carry out a bibliographic review of erythrocyte alterations in patients with Diabetes Mellitus. A systematic review was carried out using different search engines, one of them being Pub Med of the last 15 years using the PRISMA method. The results of erythrocyte alterations show changes in the morphology of erythrocytes presenting spherocytes in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting spherocytes and echinocytes, decreased deformability and increased aggregation. In addition, patients with DM without nephropathy present iron deficiency anemia. In conclusion, patients with hyperglycemia present alterations in erythrocytes, morphology, function and rheology, to observe the changes in patients with DM2 the anatomical force microscope and scanning electron microscope were implemented. It should be noted that one of the most frequent complications in patients with DM is anemia. To identify erythrocyte changes and anemia it is necessary to perform laboratory tests to avoid complicationsItem Análisis de electrolitos en pacientes diabéticos sometidos o no a hemodiálisis que acuden al servicio del laboratorio sigma diagnóstico(2012-02-15) Zapata Espín, María F.Diabetes Mellitus es al momento un importante problema de salud pública en el Ecuador, donde en un período relativamente corto ha emergido como una de las principales causas notificadas de muerte. Este documento expone los hallazgos de un estudio realizado en la ciudad de Latacunga entre los meses de Junio a Diciembre del 2010 con un propósito doble: por un lado, caracterizar que tan posible es que los electrolitos aumenten en pacientes no dializados, puesto que es de suponerse que si bien llevan un control adecuado y no hay la necesidad de entrar en un tratamiento como es la hemodiálisis tendrían que en todos sus aspectos de salud estar en rangos normales para su estado, y por otro, analizar que tanta relación existe entre la glucosa basal y los electrolitos realizados. Los pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio de acuerdo a que si se someten a diálisis o no se someten, teniendo siempre en cuenta un dato en general que es la diabetes sin determinar el sexo ni la edad. La evolución de sus indicadores de control metabólico fue analizada. Los resultados muestran que una persona diabética sin necesidad de entrar en una insuficiencia renal para realizarse la hemodiálisis podría entrar en riesgos para su salud si no se asocia con una mejor evolución de los indicadores de control metabólico. Este estudio apoya el desarrollo de iniciativas tendientes a mejorar los niveles de concientización y formación a las personas en general ya que sin una buena fuente de información no se podría regular esta enfermedad en el Ecuador.