Laboratorio Clínico
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/817
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Item DETERMINACIÓN DE COLINESTERASA SÉRICA EN AGRICULTORES EXPUESTOS A ORGANOFOSFORADOS DE LA PARROQUIA SANTA ROSA CANTÓN AMBATO(2025-02-25) Toalombo Caisa, Jennifer Johanna; Guangasig Toapanta, Víctor Hernán; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoThe use of pesticides, essential for increasing agricultural productivity, has been crucial since the 20th century to ensure food security in the face of population growth. Among these, organophosphates stand out for their high toxicity and widespread use, particularly in developing countries. Exposure to organophosphate pesticides is a critical issue for the health of agricultural workers, as it is associated with the inhibition of serum cholinesterase. The aim of this research was to evaluate serum cholinesterase levels as an indicator of exposure to organophosphate pesticides in farmers from the Santa Rosa parish and to analyze the associated risk factors. The study employed a cross-sectional, observational, and analytical approach. The sample included 53 farmers selected based on inclusion criteria. A colorimetric method was used to measure serum cholinesterase, and structured surveys were employed to gather information on personal protective equipment (PPE) use and agricultural practices. The data were analyzed using statistical tests such as correlations and chi-square tests. The results showed that 9.4% of the farmers had a decrease in serum cholinesterase activity, associated with unsafe practices such as inadequate use of PPE (41.51%) and a high frequency of spraying (25.81%). It was concluded that prolonged exposure to organophosphates affects the health of farmers, emphasizing the need for regular monitoring of serum cholinesterase and training programs on safe agricultural practices. The proposal of this study is to implement surveillance systems and promote the proper use of PPE to reduce associated risks.Item LA EXPOSICIÓN A ORGANOFOSFORADOS Y CARBAMATOS EN AGRICULTORES DEL CANTÓN PALORA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-08-05) Abad Defaz, Jenifer Alexandra; Valenzuela Sánchez, Gabiela PaolaExposure to organophosphates and carbamates raises concerns about potent ia l negative health effects for agricultural workers. When analyzing the serum cholinesterase enzyme and the transaminases aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), variation in factors associated with enzyme deterioration could be found. The objective of the research was to evaluate risk factors, poisoning and possible liver damage due to exposure to organophosphates and carbamates in farmers in the canton of Palora. This study had a longitudin a l, observational, prospective and prolective approach. The sample was selected in a nonprobabilistic way using inclusion and exclusion criteria, for this study 30 agricult u ra l workers between 22 and 35 years of age from the canton of Palora were include d. Laboratory parameters such as cholinesterase and AST and ALT were analyze d through spectrophotometry techniques. For the data analysis, statistical tests such as Pearson's correlation were included, and an ANOVA analysis of variance was also performed for both quantitative and qualitative variables. The results showed a significant increase in cholinesterase concentrations in farmers exposed to pestici d es, indicating possible health effects. It was found that the concentrations of cholinesterase and transaminases, AST, and ALT, when compared with each of the risk factors, analyzing the population environment, it was deduced that being a population that has a non-frequent and rotating exposure, a temporary intoxication is perceived, which generates negative association values and, in some cases, positive. It was concluded that exposure to organophosphates and carbamates affects the health of farmers, highlighting the importance of monitoring liver health and promoting the proper use of protective equipment.Item Revisión sistemática del efecto y toxicidad el dióxido de cloro en la salud de la población de latinoamérica durante la pandemia COVID-19(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2022-09-01) Aragón Yela, Zuley Biverly; Solís Sánchez, María Ilusión, MSc. Qf.In Latin America, self-medication is a common practice. During the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, considered a global health emergency that collapsed health care and management systems, the use of over-the-counter medications increased greatly as a strategy to treat signs and symptoms; among the most used products was chlorine dioxide, even though the possible toxic effects were unknown. Objective: To carry out a systematic review of the effect and toxicity of chlorine dioxide on the health of the Latin American population during the covid-19 pandemic to alert about its potential danger in the health area. Methodology: A literature review was carried out using Boolean operators in both Spanish and English in different databases such as Scielo, Elsevier, Medline, Redalyc, Google Scholar, LILACS, PubMed; the international guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews were followed. Results: Several studies demonstrate the toxicity generated by chlorine dioxide during the COVID-19 pandemic, determining Ecuador as the main Latin American country with the highest number of cases of intoxication, information correlated with international public health organizations. Conclusions. It is concluded that there is currently no scientific evidence to support the use of chlorine dioxide or derivatives to prevent or treat COVID-19.