Enfermería
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Item PERFIL HEMATOLOGICO EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICION(2025-06-19) Caisa Chalan Jessenia Lizbeth; Chasillacta Amores Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: The hematological profile is a key diagnostic tool to assess the effects of malnutrition, revealing common abnormalities such as anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hypoalbuminemia. These abnormalities indicate nutritional deficiencies and related health problems such as iron deficiency anemia due to lack of iron, immune system weakness, and electrolyte imbalances. Adequate treatment based on correcting these deficiencies and continuous monitoring is essential to improve this vulnerable population's health status and prognosis. Objective: To determine the hematological profile in children between 5 and 9 years of age and adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age with malnutrition. Methods: Quantitative approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive in scope, with a population of 42 participants between children and adolescents from an Ecuadorian foundation dedicated to the care. The information was collected by taking anthropometric measurements and blood samples for the hematological profile study. Results: Hematological alterations are not limited to malnutrition states. They also occur in apparently healthy individuals. The high prevalence of alterations in the white blood cell series, particularly in lymphocytes and neutrophils, could indicate the presence of inflammatory processes or altered immunological responses in these age groups. These findings underscore the importance of a comprehensive hematological evaluation in children and adolescents, regardless of their nutritional status. Conclusions: The hematological profile in children and adolescents in this study is not related to malnutrition since there are hematological alterations in the population studied who are apparently healthy.Item CONDUCTAS ALIMENTARIAS DE RIESGO DE MALNUTRICIÓN E IMAGEN CORPORAL EN ESCOLARES Y ADOLESCENTES DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA(2025-06-17) Espín Molina, Amanda Rosmery; Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaRisky eating behaviors and malnutrition represent important health problems in humanity, as well as body image has a great influence on self-esteem. The objective of the research is to determine the risky eating behaviors of malnutrition and body image in schoolchildren and adolescents of a rural Ecuadorian population. The type of study is quantitative in approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational in scope. Developed in a rural area, La Victoria parish, Pujilí canton in the province of Cotopaxi (Ecuador), in the period from May to August 2024. With a population of 216 participants, with a representative sample of 152 participants, of which 21 are schoolchildren and 131 adolescents. Two questionnaires were applied: the Brief Questionnaire of Risky Eating Behaviors (CBCAR) with validity and Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) with validity and Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. A predominance in adolescents was found 86.18%, with a slightly higher distribution in men 51.97%, academically the majority belong to 7th-10th grade at 52.63%, it is observed that 90.79% do not present risk of eating disorder, however 9.21% present risk and are adolescents. Both children and adolescents do not present a significant concern about their body image with 74.34% of adolescents and 7.89% of boys; finally, it is observed that the majority of participants without risk of eating disorder are not worried about their body image 75%. In conclusion, the majority do not present a risk of eating disorders, nor significant concern about their body image, although further research is suggested to better understand the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating behaviors.Item ESTRATEGIA EDUCATIVA SOBRE EL RIESGO PRECONCEPCIONAL EN POBLACIÓN FEMENINA EN EDAD FÉRTIL. ECUADOR(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-03) Ortega Liquinchano, Dayelli Elizabeth; Macías Ferreiro, KarinaThe Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) is affected by various risk factors across its different stages. Preventing these risks during the reproductive process is crucial for achieving good reproductive health development. Methods for preventing reproductive risk must begin before conception. This study aims to contribute to this goal by implementing an educational intervention on preconception risk to increase the level of knowledge and risk perception in fertile-aged women in the Parish of San Andrés, Píllaro Canton. A longitudinal-prospective, descriptive, quasi-experimental, participatory action study (educational intervention) was conducted on preconception risk (PRC) in fertile-aged women. The technique used was a survey, and the instrument was a questionnaire. The study sample showed that in relation to biological risks, extreme ages were the most prevalent, with adolescence being the most incident (15 years old or younger, 37.8%, and women over 45 years old, 35.1%). In terms of sociocultural risks, low educational level was prevalent (56.7%), as well as multiparity (33.7%) and low birth weight (27%). The participants' knowledge improved satisfactorily, indicating the effectiveness of the educational intervention. The most important results are achieved bydefining the types of risk, concepts, and actions to takeItem NIVEL DE ANSIEDAD EN ADOLESCENTES CON SOBREPESO U OBESIDAD(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-29) Salazar Chérrez, Verónica Juliana; Arraíz de Fernández, CarolinaObjective: To determine the level of anxiety in overweight or obese adolescents. Material and Method: Quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted from April to August 2023, in an educational unit of the canton of Ambato, Province of Tungurahua, Ecuador. From a population of 109 students, the final sample consisted of 71 adolescents with overweight or obesity belonging to the eighth, ninth and tenth grades of General Basic Education (GBS). To measure anxiety, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) questionnaire was used, which has been validated with high reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.82); for nutritional status, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured, along with the demographic variables sex and age. Results: 54% male, 38% in the ninth year of GBS and a moderate level of anxiety. Conclusions: More than half of the adolescents are overweight and obese, with a predominance of males, especially in the ninth year of GBS, and there is a moderate level of anxiety in most of the sample studied, with a higher frequency in females. It is important for nursing staff educate the population, especially adolescents, about the health benefits of a healthy lifestyle.Item Factores de riesgo para el consumo de drogas en adolescentes(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-10-12) Marcial Tisalema, Jennifer Soraya; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy CoronadoThe use of psychotropic substances represents a public health problem that affects more than 269 million people worldwide, with a higher incidence among adolescents, consideredthe most vulnerable group. The objective of this study is to determine the risk factors for drug use among adolescents in an educational unit in Ambato, Ecuador. This is a quantitative, descriptive, field and cross-sectional study. The population consisted of 514 students between 15 and 17 years of age from an educational unit, with a sample of 347 students. The instrument used was the risk factor survey applicable to adolescents at the secondary level. Consent and assent were requested from the participants after informing them of the objectives of the study. The results showed that 306 adolescents consumed drugs, 73.2% of whom were between 16 and 17 years of age, 51.6% were female, 74.2% lived with both parents, 78.8% of the students reported a regular relationship at home, 85.6% maintained an average level of communication with their parents and 77.1% of the students who consumed drugs said they were aware of the subject. However, 85.9% do not consider tobacco and alcohol as drugs and 37.9% admit to having consumed by choice. A relationship was found between the variables sex and knowledge about drugs and drug use in adolescents. Finally, the high level of lack of knowledge about drugs influenced drug use.Item Estados emocionales y su relación con el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de bachilleratos emocionales y su relación con el consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de bachillerato(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-02-01) Campos Nuñez, Oscar Ivan; Mayorga Morales, Silvia GracielaLic. MgAdolescence is a complex stage where changes occur at the physical, cognitive and emotional level, therefore, emotional intelligence allows the development of abilities and skills to avoid alcohol consumption in adolescents, becoming a personal protective factor. Objective: To identify the relationship of emotional states with alcohol consumption in adolescents from the “Huambaló Educational Unit”. Material and methods: this research used a non-experimental methodological design, opting for a cross-sectional cohort quantitative epistemological-methodological paradigm. The population was made up of adolescents between the ages of 14 and 17 from the Huambaló Educational Unit, with a census sample of 185. Through the survey instrument, information was recorded on the variables: emotional states, those that relate it to alcohol consumption in adolescents Results: Regarding the incidence ratios of alcohol consumption, it is observed that adolescents between 14 and 17 years of age consume alcohol by 15.1%, increasing consumption rates as they reach adulthood. 10.8% of those who ingest liquor affirm that it changes their moods. Similarly, a 64.3% range of sadness and depression is observed in the surveyed population, which affects adolescents consuming liquor. Conclusions: Permissive parenting habits, lack of communication in the family environment and lack of skills and emotional strategies to cope with stress, depression and sadness affect alcohol consumption in adolescents.Item Relatos de experiencias de adolescentes infractores sobre el consumo de drogas ilicitas(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-03-01) Lozada Castro, Katherin Dayana; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy Cristina Dra.ntroduction: Drug use is a public health problem that affects many countries due to the widespread traffic and the risk of initiation into these substances, a fact that occurs with a higher prevalence in adolescence, and may influence legal and social consequences such as committing crimes. Objective: To analyze the experiences of adolescent offenders on the consumption of illicit drugs. Methods: A qualitative-descriptive and field research was carried out, through semi-structural interviews with subjects involved in the study phenomenon with prior signed consent. Ethical aspects of protection of privacy and the reliability of the information were taken care of. For the analysis of the information, the methodology of Demaziere D. and Dubar C was used, by means of the word-by-word transcription of each interview and the triangulation of the data obtained. Results: Four categories are identified as a product of the key informants' discourse: Entering the world of consumption; family relationship and close people; consequence of drug use and future of the adolescent consumer. Conclusions: Various factors that influence drug use were identified, such as people, environment and perception of positive effects. Among the consequences of the use of these substances, violence and crime stand out. The life prospects of adolescents are to move away from the world of consumptionItem Percepción sobre la educación virtual, en olescentes de la parroquia salasaca, durante la pandemia del covid-19(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2021-03-01) Chicaiza Anancolla, Aida Marina; Moyano Calero, Willian Eudrilir Lic. Mg.Introduction: Due to COVID-19, the Ecuadorian government ruled confinement with suspension of educational activities, at all levels, this is the case of educational establishments, which welcome children and adolescents, in this case the second who had to accept a new education, the new modality unleashed countless disagreements, making notable the lack of preparation of the Ministry of Education regarding the use of technologies and the training of teachers, in the case of public schools, while in private schools, It was taken as a great challenge and only those with sufficient resources to face this change came to the fore. Objective: to analyze the perception of virtual education from the point of view of adolescents in the Salasaca parish during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology: the study has a qualitative approach, aimed at thinking about a social issue, in addition, the descriptive method with a field research design was used since the facts were transferred to the place, it was considered to apply a semi-structured interview as a technique for the collection data that was applied by the researcher going to the homes of adolescents; With a total of 13 interviews, the same ones that correspond to 7 women and 8 men, between 15 and 18 years old respectively, it was possible to obtain information about 13 students under study, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: The results show that the reality of these is out of hand, since the teachers are not sufficiently qualified to teach the chair under this modality, however the economic status, in some homes were precarious, on the other hand, the individuals were not are familiar with this type of learning, it was observed that adolescents handled negative feelings due to confinement, and in other cases they reflected frustration, by not acquiring enough knowledge. Conclusions: Virtual education did not meet the expectations of the study subjects during the COVID-19 pandemic, as they considered that it was not adequate in relation to the face-to-face modality, to which they were accustomed.Item “Nivel de conocimientos sobre factores de riesgo que causan las infecciones de trasmision sexual en los adolescentes de 15 a 19 años de la unidad educativa los andes del canton Pillaro en el periodo septiembre 2019-julio 2020”(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2020-03-01) Mena Barrionuevo, Eveling Victoria; Rea Hinojosa, Tania Alexandra Lcda. MgSexually transmitted infections are part of a strong public health problem especially in the adolescence stage because young people begin their sexual life early and with behaviors that put their sexual and reproductive health at risk. As a general objective we have to determine the level of knowledge of risk factors that cause sexually transmitted infections in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years of the Los Andes Educational Unit of the Pillaro Canton in the period September 2019-July 2020. The methodology used in This project was quantitative with a mixed descriptive method. The sample consisted of 119 students of the Educational Unit "Los Andes" where a questionnaire was used as survey instruments. Of the 100% of the students surveyed, 61% have a low level of knowledge about STIs, as well as their risk factors, forms of infection and prevention methods; with information obtained through teachers, parents and friends.