Ingeniería Civil
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Item Pronóstico de precipitaciones pluviométricas usando el modelo univariante Prophet para una toma de decisiones informada.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Zabala Cárdenas, Anthony Roger; Viscaíno Cuzco, Mayra AlexandraMeteorological information is essential to understand the climatic state of a region and becomes a key tool for decision-making in various sectors of society. During periods of water scarcity, it is essential to implement water management systems that mitigate the impact of shortages. In this context, the main objective of this research was to forecast rainfall in the Ambato canton using the Prophet univariate model for informed decision-making. This work was structured in three phases with the purpose of implementing the Prophet model to make daily rainfall forecasts in the Ambato canton. In the first phase, a statistical analysis of the historical series was carried out, calculating measures such as average, quartiles and standard deviation. The second involved deploying the Prophet model at 19 weather stations with records between 2013 and 2024, splitting the data into proportions of 80 and 20 percent, 85 and 15 percent, and 90 and 10 percent, using the first set to train the model and the second to evaluate the results. In addition, the hyperparameters changepoint prior scale and seasonality prior scale were adjusted, with ranges between 0.05-10 and 10-100, respectively, using grid search to determine the optimal configuration that minimized MAE and RMSE errors, comparing it with the default values of the model. Finally, the third consisted of creating isohyet maps that illustrate the spatial distribution of precipitation. The results showed that, at most stations, the Prophet model fit the data split of 90 percent for training and 10 percent for evaluation more effectively, obtaining average MAE and RMSE values of 2.13 mm and 3.41 mm, respectively. This allowed us to conclude that the Prophet model demonstrated a good performance in fitting the analyzed time series. However, it had difficulties in predicting maximum precipitation values, which is a key aspect to consider in future applications of the model.Item Análisis de desempeño sísmico del edificio COAC San Martín ubicado en el cantón Tisaleo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Yugcha Rumiguano, Christian Sebastián; Peñafiel Valla, Lourdes GabrielaEcuador is located in the Ring of Fire, so it is subject to stochastic phenomena such as earthquakes, since buildings must be governed according to the current NEC 15 standard to ensure that the design meets earthquake resistance criteria. The purpose of this research work is to determine the seismic performance of the building under study. A qualitative analysis was carried out using the NEC 15 standard, in which the parameters were evaluated according to the characteristics of the structure, obtaining a score of 2.0, demonstrating that it has a medium degree of vulnerability. In the quantitative section, the linear and nonlinear static Pushover analysis of the structure was carried out using engineering software. In the linear analysis, it was determined that the structure in current conditions presents torsion, and that elements such as beams and columns are not designed to withstand the demands. In addition, through non-linear analysis, the capacity curve of the structure was calculated together with the performance levels and it was determined that the construction does not meet the seismic performance objectives according to VISION 2000. Once the evaluation of the structure was completed, three more floors were designed, according to the specifications of the calculation report, and with the requests of these, the structure was reinforced, both locally in the elements such as columns and beams using criteria from the ASCE 41-13 standard, in which the concrete screed method was used for the columns and the steel casing method for the beams, and globally with the implementation of shear walls to control torsion and comply with the vibration period of the structure. Finally, with the implementation of the reinforcement and the addition of 3 more floors to the building, the linear analysis was carried out again, to verify that the calculations and design were in accordance with the NEC 15 standard, checking that the elements had the necessary amounts of steel to generate ductility. After that, the non-linear analysis of the structure was carried out, in which the performance objective was determined, complying with what was established in VISION 2000.Item Optimización de la geometría de la vía desde el puente Yanayacu hasta Píllaro entre las abs 0+000 – 4+875 perteneciente a la provincia Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Yanchaguano Sanchez, Jenny Maribel; Aldás Sánchez, Milton RodrigoGiven the transportation difficulties faced by the residents of the San Andrés parish, this project proposes to substantially improve the road infrastructure in this area. By optimizing the road that connects the Yanayacu bridge with Píllaro between sections 0+000 and 4+875, productive and tourist activities will be facilitated, generating new development opportunities for the Tungurahua sector. The project was structured into three main phases. The first phase corresponded to the preliminary studies, which included fieldwork such as topographic surveys and vehicle counts to determine the ADT of the road. Subsequently, in the second phase, soil studies were conducted, including destructive and non-destructive tests, to characterize the physical and mechanical properties of the soil, as well as the pavement deflections. Finally, in the third phase, using the data obtained in the previous phases, the geometry of the road was redesigned, taking into account the newly calculated TPDA, the soil characteristics, and the applicable technical standards. In this phase, the horizontal, vertical, and transverse design was defined, as well as the other geometric elements. Additionally, a budget was prepared that includes all the costs associated with the construction of the new road, thus ensuring the project's viability. The topographic analysis revealed a mountainous terrain with steep slopes, while the traffic study classified the road as class I. The soil tests indicated a sandy loam material with a CBR of 19.18 percent suitable for subgrade. The results of the deflection measurements with the Benkelman beam showed that 89 percent of the evaluated track length needs reconstruction. Based on these results, the pavement structure was redesigned, consisting of a 7.5 cm asphalt layer, a 15 cm base, and a 20 cm subbase. Finally, the estimated budget calculated for this project was $1´686,962.16Item Desarrollo de un software para el diseño de dosificaciones de hormigón en base al método ACI y densidad óptima(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Velastegui Solis, Valeria Nayelly; Pico Núñez, María FernandaConcrete, being a very versatile and durable material, has become essential in modern construction, generating a high dependence on this component both in the Ecuadorian industry and worldwide. Statistics show a constant growth in its consumption in Ecuador, which underlines the importance of ensuring an adequate design of the mixtures. Therefore, in our environment the most used methods for dosing are the Optimum Density method, developed by the Central University of Ecuador and the ACI method, of international nature. For this reason, this project was based on the development of a software that integrates these two methods for the design of concrete mixtures, which has been developed through execution in three phases. In the first phase, the bibliographic review on the ACI and Optimum Density methods was carried out, laying the theoretical foundations of the software. In the second phase, the code and an intuitive graphical interface were implemented, shaping the application. Finally, in the third phase, several tests were carried out to verify the efficiency and precision of the software. In this way, the final product was called "Hormigón Maestro" and it is an application that was validated by comparing its results with manual calculations and experimental data available in freely accessible repositories, obtaining an error of less than two percent, which demonstrates its high reliability. In short, this tool is capable of streamlining the concrete mix design process and ensures the accuracy of the results, becoming a valuable resource for civil engineering professionals and students because it optimizes calculation time, provides a dosage expressed in weight and volume, as well as offering templates and guides to facilitate the use of the program.Item Evaluación de la red vial en el área urbana de la parroquia Augusto N. Martínez de la nueva historia de Ambato, comprendida en la zona 10(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Vásconez Miranda, Thaís Nicole; Bayas Altamirano, Myrian MarisolThis study focuses on the evaluation of the road network in Zone 10 of the Augusto N. Martínez Parish, proposing a road maintenance plan aimed at improving infrastructure, safety, mobility, and the quality of life for residents, while fostering regional socioeconomic development. The rapid population growth and commercial activities in the area have heightened demands on the road network, exposing significant structural and functional deficiencies, such as crocodile cracking, longitudinal cracks, pavement wear, potholes, and block cracking. These issues impede traffic flow and pose safety risks for both pedestrians and drivers. Furthermore, the lack of detailed technical diagnostics and a structured maintenance plan has aggravated road deterioration and hindered community development. The research employs a three-phase technical methodology: first, georeferenced planimetric surveys of the roads using advanced RTK technology and specialized software; second, assessment of road defects and calculation of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) to classify roads by damage severity and determine necessary maintenance types; and third, preparation of a detailed intervention plan and budget, adhering to current standards and analytical findings. Results reveal the presence of 24 roads, totaling 5628.50 meters in length, 58.33 percentage with flexible pavement and 41.67 percentage unpaved. Common defects include crocodile cracking and longitudinal cracks. The PCI assessment classified the roads as "Good," indicating the need for periodic maintenance to prevent further degradation. A reference budget for interventions on flexible pavements was developed, providing a robust technical foundation for road planning. This proposal addresses the current needs of the parish and offers a replicable framework for managing urban road networks in similar areas.Item Análisis del uso de ceniza de la hoja de Agave Americana (Cabuya) para la estabilización de suelo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Torres Portero, Juan Carlos; Muyulema Muyulema, Danny GermanSoil is a fundamental component in civil engineering, since it provides a basis for the construction of highways, rural roads and other infrastructure. Therefore, it is essential to carry out detailed studies to evaluate its physical and mechanical characteristics. In case it does not meet the technical requirements, it is necessary to consider alternatives, such as its replacement or the addition of elements or materials that improve its mechanical properties. The influence of American agave leaf ash (CHA) on the physical and mechanical properties of three soil samples was analyzed. Quantitative methodology was used, which included data collection and laboratory tests, such as moisture content, granulometric analysis, determination of specific gravity, Atterberg limits, modified Proctor test and CBR test. The results indicated that, for sample M1 (poorly graded sandy soil, SP), from Cevallos canton, the CBR value increased to 43.16 percent with the addition of 5.22 percent CHA, although this improvement was not representative. For sample M2 (silty soil, SM), collected in the Ambato canton, the CBR increased to 39.32 percent, with the addition of 16.92 percent CHA, showing a substantial improvement. Finally, sample M3 (high plasticity clayey soil, CH), taken from Puyo canton, reached a CBR value of 22.35 percent with the addition of 24.84 percent CHA, reflecting a significant improvement in its mechanical properties. In conclusion, the inclusion of agave leaf ash improves the mechanical properties of certain types of soils. However, in sandy soils (sample M1) the increase is not significant enough, while for silty and clayey soils (M2 and M3), it is considered an alternative for their stabilization.Item Diseño de un scall para el abastecimiento de equipos sanitarios en el edificio de la FEUE de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato campus Huachi Chico(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Rodríguez Ramírez, Karen Samantha; Chérrez Gavilanes, Diego SebastiánIn Ecuador, the demand for research and projects within this field is significant due to the hydrological and energy crisis that the country is currently suffering. The design of a SCALL is a sustainable solution to collect and take advantage of rainwater, its implementation allows water to be captured, stored and used for various purposes. This system not only benefits users by providing an accessible and economical source of water, it also contributes to flood mitigation and the conservation of water resources in general. This project focused on designing a SCALL to supply the sanitary equipment of a university building, with the purpose of reducing the environmental impact by taking advantage of a natural resource such as water and solar energy. The research covers several phases to guarantee an adequate design, starting with a qualitative methodology, which was composed of a survey of bibliographic and field information, continuing with quantitative methods to calculate the necessary parameters for the design, and, with the obtaining of these data, plans of the system were made, detailing each component and its function. and finally, execute a referential budget. The technical design was based on the analysis of the building's water demand, considering international standards applicable within the national scope, and on the use of specialized software to model the hydraulic system. In addition, a unit price analysis was obtained to evaluate the economic viability of the system. The results obtained indicate that the SCALL can meet the monthly consumption of users per month, with a feasible assembly and system. On the other hand, the budget obtained indicates a considerable initial investment, while the saving of drinking water contributes significantly to environmental sustainability. Finally, concluding that the implementation of a SCALL is a technically and economically viable solution, with a design adaptable to similar buildings, promoting responsible practices.Item Diseño del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario para el caserío Montañitas de la parroquia el Triunfo, del cantón Patate, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Quilligana Chifla, Kerly Valeria; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánThis technical project develops the design of a sanitary sewerage system for the community of Montañitas, complying with current technical regulations and considering an exhaustive analysis of the topographic and demographic conditions of the area. Its main objective is to ensure the efficient collection, transport and treatment of wastewater, promoting the improvement of the inhabitants' quality of life and the preservation of water sources in accordance with the principles of sustainability. The methodology was structured in three main phases. The first consisted of data collection and analysis through field visits, using GNSS technology and drones to carry out an accurate and detailed topographic survey. This process made it possible to identify the geographic, demographic and urban characteristics of the sector, key information for the design of the system. In the second phase, data tabulation and technical calculations were developed, applying national and international standards similar to our current regulations, and several specialized civil engineering softwares were used. Piping, flow rates and velocities were dimensioned, ensuring the functionality and efficiency of the system. The last phase focused on the elaboration of construction plans, budget evaluation and implementation of a wastewater treatment plant, adapting the design to the specific conditions of the area and the needs of the community. The results show that, despite the challenges associated with the topography and the variability of the terrain, a design was achieved that guarantees efficiency in the transport and disposal of wastewater, consisting of 93 wells and 93 pipes. In addition, the network was complemented with 4 inspection chambers and 3 rectangular section canals along 3.38 km. The project will not only improve the quality of life of the inhabitants by reducing sanitary risks, but will also contribute to environmental protection by avoiding the contamination of vital resources and implementing viable technical solutions that favor sustainable development in rural areas.Item Propuesta de reducción de riesgo de daño por sismos en elementos no estructurales y de contenidos de la Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos de la UTA.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Moposita Ñacato, Jonathan Eduardo; Ramírez Cabrera, Wladimir JoséThe research responds to the growing vulnerability of these infrastructures in the face of the high seismic activity characteristic of Ecuador, especially in the region (Ambato). The main purpose of this technical project is to evaluate, classify and mitigate the seismic risks associated with the non-structural elements and contents of the aforementioned building. The methodology used in the project was of a mixed nature, combining qualitative and quantitative approaches to address the specific objectives defined. The qualitative analysis consisted of visual inspections, the completion of technical sheets using the FEMA E 74 Standard that explains the procedure where the following matrices were classified: inventory, seismic risk, liability, grouping of components studied to classify and mitigate the non-structural elements according to their risk, which is broken down into humanitarian, loss of material and functionality that contain details of engineering criteria, prescriptive and non-engineering requirements. The quantitative analysis involved structural modelling in specialised software that provided accelerations and mathematical calculations for the design of the anchorages in two groups that required engineering criteria such as: mechanical and electrical components, plumbing, furniture, shelving, bookcases, filing cabinets and other components. The next stage involved the tabulation and evaluation of technical data in accordance with FEMA E-74 and NEC-15 standards. Finally, a reference budget was drawn up to reduce inventory costs in a seismic event. As a result, the project demonstrates the importance of addressing seismic risks from a holistic perspective combining technical analysis, design of specific solutions and economic planning. Its implementation will ensure not only the safety of the university community, but also the operational continuity of academic and scientific activities after seismic events. In addition, the work contributes to the strengthening of a culture of prevention and resilience in seismically active areas.Item Diseño del sistema de alcantarillado sanitario para el sector Joya Alta, cantón Patate, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Mesias Erazo, Marco Vinicio; Frías Torres, Alex XavierSanitary sewer systems are currently considered a basic service, as they are fundamental in preventing environmental pollution and protecting public health. For this reason, and in response to the need of the residents of the Joya Alta sector for a sanitary sewer system that ensures optimal quality of life, this project was carried out in three phases, allowing us to achieve the overall objective. In the first phase, a preliminary study of the sector's conditions was conducted. Surveys were carried out in all beneficiary households, and a georeferenced topographic survey was completed. In the second phase, the necessary parameters were determined to design an optimal system that complies with the specifications established by current national standards, as well as international standards that align with Ecuadorian regulations. Finally, in the third phase, an economic analysis of the proposal was performed. Additionally, beyond the established objectives, an evaluation of both the infrastructure and the proper functioning of the components of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the La Joya community was conducted. This evaluation ensures the treatment of wastewater generated by the design of this sanitary sewer network. Upon completing the design, the following results were obtained: the sanitary sewer network of the Joya Alta sector spans a total of 2.586 km, including 72 inspection manholes and 70 PVC pipe segments, covering a total study area of 27.13 hectares. Furthermore, it was verified that the network meets the guidelines established in the standards applied to this project. Finally, a construction schedule was established for a period of four months, with a total budget of $235,543,12. The project will improve sanitary and environmental conditions while promoting economic and social development in the Joya Alta sector.