Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales

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Desarrollo de un sistema de gestión de calidad basado en la ISO 9001:2015 para mejorar la producción de una empresa de calzado
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) López Vargas, Wilson Oswaldo; Mariño Rivera, Christian José
Industrial development and shoe's market competitiveness have induced companies to implement quality systems for improving their processes. For this reason, Messi shoe's company which doesn't have its processes standardized, has seen the need to improve its production process to be more competitive in the market with quality products. The study objective is to develop a Quality Management System based on ISO 9001:2015 to improve production. Maturity level matrix, standard requirements and a statistical analysis were used for maintaining the production process under controlled conditions. The current maturity level is evaluated relative to the seven quality principles with a value of 2.47 in a system that should improve the processes towards the client, the implementation level of the standard with a low overall rating of 12%. Subsequently, quality management system is developed to meet all the requirements of the standard. A quality manual with procedures and instructions is developed, with emphasis on production control and non-conforming outputs in which quality criteria are defined. In this context, statistical quality control is proposed with an ideal double sampling plan, the use of run charts, Pareto diagram, p and np control charts, 4 monitoring indicators are proposed: quality index by defects kind, accepted lots, rejects per batch and reject production index. Results show descriptively an implementation level of 68.13% and a maturity level of 3.53 with a system that meets the needs and expectations of customers.
Manufactura esbelta para reducir los desperdicios en un taller de matricería
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Gómez Cando, Washington Alberto; López Arboleda, Jéssica Paola
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present project proposes the GEMBA P2CH model, which refers to the fact that improvements are made in the gemba through four pillars: programming, process, quality and skills. A survey of the current situation of a tooling workshop is carried out in which preventive maintenance 8000 H is identified as the activity that covers the largest number of processes within the area, it is found that the main wastes are waiting for materials, imbalance in the distribution of activities and the breach of the standard time. Subsequently, the improvements are proposed through a structural system with results in the gemba, the application of the model is progressive and systemic. The tools make the process more efficient, in terms of programming, maintenance prioritization rules and the information flow are integrated in which kick off and heijunka are used so that the communication of requirements is adequate. In the process, the mapping of the current and future value flow is applied, which allows the identification of the sequence of activities with better productivity. In quality and skills, audits are structured in the gemba with critical control points and the ILU system respectively. The results show the successful application of the model with a 5.3 percent decrease in delivery time for maintenance, a 3 percent average increase in service level and an overall reduction of 42.45 percent in cost.
Modelo de gestión basado en la metodología DDMRP para el aprovisionamiento de materiales en la industria del calzado
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Soria Amán, Edwin Geovanny; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This study allowed to apply DDMRP methodology in footwear industry, it is based on planning of material requirements based on demand that consists of modeling, pulling and managing entire supply chain in real time, this way of managing resources originates from the growth of organizations since there is greater complexity in planning of material supply, production scheduling and distribution networks. The purpose of the DDMRP is generate synergy of processes around flow of materials and relevant information, focusing all processes on a common objective, the execution of the DDMRP methodology is based on the knowledge of real demand (qualified) , added to the control points such as strategic positioning of buffers, the generation of alerts such as: average physical inventory level that is an indicator that shows amount of stock that organization is willing to manage, out-of-stock alert projected, this indicator shows possible shortages that can be generated and finally management of buffers that visually show their behavior for making timely decisions, with all this congregation of information, the necessary policies were established to manage all the resources of supply chain, with the application of this methodology, emergencies were reduced due to exhaustion and the supply level was improved. A comparison was made between the TOC and DDMRP methodologies, the parameters that were examined are the amount of inventory and the level of turnover, TOC suggests 174, 497 pairs of boots as monthly average inventory, in the case of DDMRP the inventory value recommended is 194,782 pairs of boots, when reviewing the turnover rates there is an obvious difference between the two methodologies.
Manufactura esbelta para la optimización de la productividad en la línea de ensamble de puertas de refrigeración
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Lluglla Tubón, Stalin Rolando; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
This work arises from the need to optimize productivity through the application of lean manufacturing tools in the assembly line of refrigeration doors of the company Fairis C.A. Initially, an analysis of the current situation was carried out, determining a productivity of 6.2 units / hour / man with a production of 5307 units and a utilization of 852.65 hours per person between the months of January to May, jointly establishing the production standards and the production capacity of the line through the study of times. The production leveling was carried out with the takt time (TT) of 5.33 minutes / door, which determines the production rate to meet customer demand, establishing that only 33% of the stations comply with the TT. In addition, other key indicators (KPIs) of the process are defined, such as: the% performance with a value of 59.2% and the% rejection with a value of 0.6%. Following the Lean Manufacturing (LM) methodology, the optimization of the processes was carried out by reducing all types of waste and problems presented in the line. In this way, the balancing of the line is proposed, reducing the process time of the bottleneck station by 18.2% and improving the Throughput of 66 doors assembled in 470 minutes of effective operating time at 76 doors, which represents an optimization 15.2%; in the same way, the standardization of the process is proposed as a tool for versatility and improvement in the learning curve of the operators and as a support for the control of the KCC and KPC of the process. The improvements in Flexsim are modeled establishing the simulation conditions for 10 assembly days; obtaining a Throughput of 760 doors with a utilization of 85 hours / man, which represents an improvement of 30.2% in the redemption of the line and an optimization of productivity of 43.5% with an indicator of 8.9 units / hour / man.
Análisis de las técnicas de medición del trabajo mediante la revisión sistemática de artículos científicos para determinar los beneficios que se podrían obtener con los sistemas de tiempos predeterminados
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Ronquillo Freire, Paúl Vicente; García Sánchez, Marcelo Vladimir
El presente proyecto de investigación se basó en la revisión sistemática de literatura para analizar y evidenciar el desarrollo que las técnicas de medición del trabajo han conseguido a lo largo de los años 2015 al 2019. Esta investigación evidenció que técnica ha tenido mayor acogida para la determinación de estándares o mejoras de procesos con el objetivo de plasmar la información mediante un artículo científico, en el cual se presentó los casos estudiados en el periodo antes mencionado y los beneficios alcanzados. Toda la investigación se encuentra organizada en cinco capítulos: En el CAPÍTULO I se contextualizó el problema de investigación, es decir que en esta sección se explicó la razón por la cual surge la necesidad de realizar el proyecto de y cuáles fueron los objetivos planteados para poder obtener los resultados esperados. Al tener definida la problemática y los objetivos a cumplir en el CAPÍTULO II se evidencia los antecedentes investigativos que se tomaron en cuenta para el inicio de la investigación, la información presentada en este capítulo corresponde al esclarecimiento de las técnicas del estudio del trabajo, beneficios de aplicar las técnicas y una clasificación determinada en libros. EL CAPÍTULO III se enfocó en la descripción de la metodología empleada en la revisión sistemática, en esta sección se detalla los equipos y herramientas empleados, el tipo de investigación, las preguntas de investigación, además se incluye la población y la determinación de la muestra. Inclusive se explica los flujos metodológicos con los cuales se procedió a recolectar, procesar y extraer la información de los documentos que representaron la muestra. En el CAPÍTULO IV se indican los resultados que se obtuvieron al elaborar el artículo científico, es decir que se presentó la evolución de las diferentes técnicas y se comprobó cual ha tenido una mayor aplicabilidad a lo largo de los años. De la misma forma se presentó una discusión sobre la calidad y ambiento de aplicación de las técnicas de estudio de tiempos. Por último en el CAPITULO V se exponen las conclusiones que se obtuvieron del análisis de la información y se presentan ciertas sugerencias que guíen otros trabajos de investigación similares también se plantea la necesidad de trabajaos futuros y complementarios para la innovación de las técnicas de estudio de tiempos.
Mejoramiento de la productividad empleando manufactura esbelta en la línea de fabricación de carrocerías
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Alarcón Chávez, Christian José; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
The purpose of this work is to study the construction process line of VM6 urban model bodywork, documenting necessary times in its manufacture, starting with preparation of chassis and advancing through each of the processes in which quality control must be involved until the final inspection. The research will denote the existence of bottlenecks in the finishing area since it has the longest production time, so a viable solution is given to eliminate this bottleneck. In this way it becomes relevant to create strategies that decrease the manufacturing times without the total variation of processes. Nowdays, finding a linear production system that helps and leverages the competitiveness in terms of national car bodies production is very limiting; VARMA, has been consolidated as one of the main car body industries at nationally, has a distribution of processes that has not been updated, becoming very alien to the production, for this reason it is necessary to reduce the total time of car body manufacturing. In a simple way this research work aims to achieve through an analysis of times and movements to denote that along the linear process there are several procedures that can be overlapped improving the total production times without affecting its quality, in addition to a plant layout that contributes to the reduction of walking times.
Teoría de Restricciones en el área de producción en industrias textiles para el incremento de la productividad
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Rubio Tapia, Ximena Elizabeth; Rosero Mantilla, César Aníbal
The research project deals with the implementation of the theory of restrictions in the production area in textile industries to increase productivity. The investigation started from the analysis of the current situation of the company, for this information was requested from the commercial department regarding the sales made in the months of February, March and April 2021, with these data the Pareto analysis was carried out to determine the 20% of products that represent 80% of the demand, obtaining a total of 27 references with the highest demand. In order to obtain better results, an ABC classification was applied to these 27 references according to their demand, where it was determined that the references made in the production plant with the highest demand are 7; These references were unified in a single group (group 1), since they have the same pattern and processes in common. For group 1 of references, the process flow, analytical course chart was prepared, time was taken to establish the production standard and the units produced per day with a group of 14 people, finally the current productivity calculation was carried out, giving a value of 16.38 hour for units. Following the steps of the TOC methodology, the improvements were proposed, eliminating the restrictions, establishing the model to simulate considering four input variables: 1 production process, 2 arrival of cut and elastic, 3 start of each process and 4 standard time, and also four output variables: 1 throughput, 2 WIP, 3 productivity and 4 use of the process. The improvements are modeled using TOC, the simulation model is designed in Flexim, obtaining as a result of the simulation a productivity of 20.81 hour for units, with an improvement of 79% in relation to the current model.
Diseño de la distribución de planta para mejorar la productividad de una empresa de comercio al por mayor y menor de insumos para vehículos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Reyes Mera, Juan Francisco; Mariño Rivera, Christian José
The current investigation is directed to industrial facilities analysis and design. The goal of this study is to optimize the internal resources at Patollantas company dedicated to the commercialization of tires and auto parts to improve transitions and reduce transportation. The methodology of facility design problem [FLP] is taken as a reference, in which analysis it allows multiple factors study: human, physical space, transportation, etc. The reducing shipments approach was chosen by applying the physical layout of the adequate facilities of exhibitors and products on the counter themselves, which hinder and influence the generation of unnecessary and unproductive time. The FlexSim software was used for the simulation of the current comercialization process flow, as well as for the proposal. Productivity increased 400 percent with a plant distribution in a single plant and a reduction in operating time of 35.62% compared to currently employed.
Implementación de una técnica de producción más limpia en el proceso de elaboración de vino de frutas, a través de la sustitución de la tecnología de pasteurización tradicional.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Valle Espinosa, Luis Rodrigo; Córdova Suárez, Manolo Alexander
Cleaner production (CP) consists of implementing holistic and continuous strategies to reduce relevant risks to people, the environment and its surroundings in a preventive and integrated manner to production processes, products and services as objectives of a value chain. In Ecuador, the need to develop an environmentally friendly industry, conscious and that generates environmental value, is described since the constitution of the republic, being the first country to grant nature and the environment recognizable and legally established rights, which is why through the Ministry of Environment (MAE) and institutions attached to the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) have developed environmental policies as an incentive to the national industry for the implementation of cleaner production strategies. By 2019 only 15% of the national food and beverage industry has implemented and maintains clear environmental policies to mitigate environmental impacts and correct deviations, hence the need to encourage the development of CP plans and strategies. For Industrias Licoreras Asociadas S.A. environmental care is one of the main axes of development, with a vision of growth to 2025, the production of fruit wine represents 40% of its net profits and the third most commercial product of its portfolio, therefore, the optimization of the process, Therefore, the optimization of the process, leveraged on the implementation of a cleaner production strategy by replacing the pasteurization technology with heat exchange by direct ozone injection, represented a 105% increase in productivity, a 39% reduction in operating costs, and a reduction of the cycle time per unit by 70 seconds, which allows processing the same amount of fruit wine in half the time of an 8-hour workday. In addition, the change in technology made it possible to eliminate dependence on fossil fuels for the pasteurization operation and replace it with electrical energy, which in Ecuador comes from renewable sources, the reduction of 99% of water consumption for the process and therefore the elimination of discharge water (effluent) as waste, which together reduced the carbon footprint of fruit wine production from 3.22 tons of CO2 equivalent per year to just under 0.1 tons by 2021. Furthermore, the reduction in atmospheric emissions and particulate matter, together with the aforementioned results, will enable ILA S.A. to be certified as a PUNTO VERTO company. to be certified as a GREEN DOT company, an endorsement granted by the MAE to public and private companies committed to the environment, with the corresponding tax and tariff benefits as well as the endorsement and marketing recognition as one of the companies in the food sector, pioneer in the country in offering an environmentally friendly low-alcoholic beverage with unique flavors and sensory experiences, thus aligning itself with the fundamental principle of Cleaner Production and the Sustainable Development Goals.
Método de Cadena Crítica en la Gestión de Tiempos de Eaboración de Carrocerías
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Martínez Cordovilla, Alessandro Ariel; López Arboleda, Jéssica Paola
This research project applies the critical chain method in the bodywork industry for the production of interprovincial buses. The work environment for this type of product reflects delivery times in days and the main resource is skilled labor. The initial analysis compares the characteristics of the bodywork business model with the make to order model in which a close relationship is observed between both, mainly because bus production only starts with an order and there is no finished product stock. The research proposes that the management of body construction times is carried out through the critical chain as a project management tool. A mixed environment between manufacturing and projects is identified, so tasks are classified as standard production operations and unique tasks per customer order, execution times are obtained and the critical path of the project is calculated, which results in 73 days. Subsequently, it is transformed from path to critical chain by considering resource conflicts and slack, the time reduction of project tasks is applied to 50% and is added as a project buffer, thus obtaining a delivery time of 64 days. The work breakdown structure, detailed schedule of activities, critical chain tasks are documented and the use of Exepron, project management software for dynamic buffer management, is proposed. The research evaluates a real project in which it is observed that the level of compliance with delivery dates goes from an average 103% in current management to 97% with a critical chain. Additionally, the simulated results show an average compliance of 96% with an average delivery time of 61,44 days.
Propuesta de optimización de tiempos de entrenamiento para comisionamiento industrial a través de realidad virtual
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Naranjo Robalino, José Ezequiel; García Sánchez, Marcelo Vladimir
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Rapid technological evolution and the health crisis we are currently facing have forced companies to restructure their logistics, production, and training processes. The understanding that the world is immersed in a fourth industrial revolution has pushed the industry to apply new digital tools to aim that its workers and collaborators have the necessary skills to face dynamic environments. This research work presents the comparison between the use of a virtual reality system and a conventional system for training in the commissioning of industrial transmitters. A sample of 40 people was used, divided into an experimental group and a control group. Through the Unity 3D graphics engine, the interfaces corresponding to three training modules were created and programmed: recognition, training, and evaluation. The results showed a p-value of 0.0000097, stating that virtual training is a better alternative than conventional methods. On the other hand, when comparing both methodologies, it was noted that using digital tools helped reduce the training time by 46.7 percent. Finally, the usability evaluation of the system was carried out through the VRUSE method. It was revealed that the factors inherent in this method have a high level of correlation between them, obtaining significance values lower than 0.05.
Optimización del flujo de materiales con enfoque esbelto para la industria carrocera
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Fonseca Carrión, Ismael Augusto; López Arboleda, Jessica Paola
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This research project proposes materials flow optimization through the redistribution of areas for the bodywork manufacturing process. Three groups of areas are identified: processes, subassemblies and warehouses according to layout. For each process, the product maintains a fixed position and it is inferred that in this type of production the support areas: subassemblies and warehouses must have an adequate location so that travel distances are shorter and travel times and wait decrease. The analysis begins with the survey of process flow and the identification of the amount of materials that moves per area in which it is observed that finished, covered and structured have high concentration of material flow. Subsequently, the general route and by areas are diagrammed, distance vs. intensity diagrams in which the main transport relationships that must be approached are identified and with the use of a waste identification diagram this analysis is condensed into a single graph. The project proposes the use of FlowPlanner as a factory design evaluation tool in which the level of traffic is visualized and a new distribution is proposed based on five principles of material flow. FlowPlanner studies the design from three premises, flow between areas, flow through aisle and level of congestion in which it is observed that warehouse 2 must have a central location and the subassembly areas can be unified. Total distance between areas for one unit bodywork goes from 570,2 m to 509,7 m with a reduction of 10,61 percent. The annual results show a reduction of 46 percent in distance traveled, travel time changes from 206,85 h to 144,69 h, cost of trips is reduced by 30 percent with a saving of $ 3108,3 and a reduction of 32 percent for the average travel time per material between related areas.
Aplicación de herramientas de manufactura esbelta para la disminución de desperdicios en el área de terminado de la producción de pieles
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Valdés Paucar, Verónica Elizabeth; Ortiz Guerrero, Daysi Margarita
This project is aimed at the leather industry that is positioned among the most important of Tungurahua Province in Tenería San José, a more than 40 years old company in the industry in Ambato City. Leather manufacturing involves complicated processes that require an adequate process to obtain quality garments. The project aims to eliminate bottlenecks and waste in the leather finishing process. This area has activities and operations such as: coloring, pressing, ironing, measuring and storage. This project development begins with times measurement to carry out a time and motion study of the operations for the production with the highest rotation within the company. Next, an initial diagnosis was made using tools such as value flow maps to eliminate activities that have not added value. The 5S methodology was implemented, starting from a current evaluation of the plant, the changes and actions required by this tool are applied and implementation is evaluated to perform a numerical analysis. Other tools are proposed in the project due to different factors, for example, for the existence of bottlenecks, line balancing is proposed. For the lack of control and production planning, a proposal is established with the Kanban tool. In addition, the application of visual control is proposed to have a better communication and facilitate the production flow in the plant. The research proposes possible formats for the implementation of each of these techniques and to standardize, as well as certain indicators that could be useful for the identification of improvement and production compliance.
Sistema de Gestión de Calidad basado en la Norma ISO 9001:2015 para una empresa de alimentos balanceados
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Ortiz Encalada, Paola Alexandra; Acosta Velarde, Jaime Iván
El presente trabajo ha sido elaborado bajo la línea de investigación Materiales y procesos de fabricación para la industria, y nace a partir de la necesidad de implementar un sistema de gestión de calidad que cumpla con los requisitos establecidos en la Norma ISO 9001:2015, teniendo como objetivo lograr mejoras significativas en los procesos, que permitan garantizar la calidad de los productos, aumentar la productividad y la satisfacción del cliente interno y externo. Para esto se usó una metodología de campo mediante la aplicación de una lista de chequeo diseñada para evidenciar el nivel de cumplimiento mediante un valor porcentual de cada uno de los requisitos de la norma, obteniendo como resultado global de cumplimiento un 38,69%, debido principalmente a la falta de justificación documental en cada uno de los procesos. Es por esto que, para encaminar a la organización hacia un SGC, se ha establecido acciones de mejora, se ha elaborado y reestructurado once procedimientos, treinta y nueve registros, seis instructivos, un manual de calidad, un manual de funciones y un manual de procesos. Finalmente se ha determinado que dicha implementación generó cambios estadísticamente significativos en pro de la mejora de la organización (p=0,00), obteniéndose como resultado global un cumplimiento del 67.06% de los requisitos de la Norma.
Sistema de planificación de la producción mediante un plan Agregado de producción, para el mejoramiento de la Productividad
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Córdova Córdova, Edison Saúl; Acosta Velarde, Jaime Iván
Through research, a production planning system has been designed through an aggregate production plan to improve productivity. Before the design of the system an analysis of the current situation of production planning is carried out measuring its current productivity which is at 74.39 %, by means of a statistical analysis with the Pareto diagram it is determined that 82.44 % of the sales of greater rotation are the circular saw machines of 600 mm, 450 mm planer and 330 mm edger, of these three types of machines a forecast of future demand is made through a linear regression model from the historical sales of the periods 2017 to 2020, the estimated demand is used as input for the calculation of the three types of aggregate production plans that it is proposed to develop, the three ways with which it is proposed to carry out the production are: Plan 1: variable labor force and exact production, Plan 2: constant labor force and variable inventory and Plan 3: constant labor force and extra time, with the use of Excel software the calculations for these plans are made and it is obtained as a result that Plan 2: constant workforce and variable inventory is the most economical with 170.043.87 dollars with respect to Plan 1 with a cost of 17.0985,34 dollars and Plan 2 with a cost of 176.874.86 dollars, in conclusión Plan 2 is the one that best fits the conditions of the production design and resources of the company, then a production master plan is developed to meet the estimated future demand in this research, and finally productivity is measured after the design of the planning system obtaining an increase in productivity by 12.64%.
Sistema de Manufactura Reconfigurable según el paradigma Holónico para el proceso de Troquelado en una empresa de Calzado Deportivo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Álvarez Rojas, Kevin Marcelo; Reyes Vásquez, John Paúl
Abstract. The present research proposes a holonic architecture for reconfigurable manufacturing system based on ADACOR. The architecture is controlled as an intelligent system, centralized when the process is in a normal state and decentralized through holons in the presence of disturbances. Holarchy is defined with two main holons, supervisor and routing, that are responsible for distributing the jobs based on the operating states of the system. Experimentation starts from a base scenario in which conditions are optimal and the architecture is tested through a simulation model in FlexSim, conventional and holonic control scenarios are defined with partial and total server failures. The results allow to demonstrate the successful application of the model in the footwear industry. Holonic control with partial failure increases throughput by + 1.66 percent, decreases WIP by -3.17 percent and increases machine utilization by + 1.38 percent compared to conventional control. In total failure similar results are achieved with + 0.68 percent, -0.68 percent and + 0.62 percent respectively.
Sistema de realidad virtual para el entrenamiento en la detección y solución de fallos en motores de inducción
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Riofrío Morales, Marco Alejandro; García Sánchez, Marcelo Vladimir
Debido a la crisis sanitaria que se encuentra viviendo el mundo en la actualidad, las industrias comprenden que, el contar con recurso humano altamente entrenado es esencial para su supervivencia. Sin embargo, algunas empresas tuvieron que cesar sus operaciones por no poseer un plan eficiente de capacitación y por no ser flexibles hacia el cambio tecnológico. Con estos antecedentes, las empresas que lograron "sobrevivir" a la pandemia COVID19 fueron obligados, junto a sus colaboradores y empleados, a digitalizar sus procesos, buscando nuevas formas de llegar al cliente de forma rápida y segura. Sin embargo, tuvieron que decidir, continuar operando mientras trataban de adaptarse a la nueva normalidad, o detener sus actividades, tomándose un tiempo razonable para generar las habilidades necesarias en todo el personal. La mayoría de las empresas eligieron la segunda opción, pensando que implementar los cambios en la producción en vivo podrían afectar la calidad, la eficiencia y goodwill de su empresa[1,2]. Para dar solución a este inconveniente, tuvieron que evolucionar hacia la industria 4.0, la cual ofrece una variedad de herramientas digitales para mejorar la productividad de la línea de producción, así como para afinar las habilidades y experiencias técnicas del recurso humano. Entre las tecnologías que ayudan al cumplimiento de este objetivo se puede mencionar al Internet of things (IoT), cobots, VR, realidad aumentada (AR), impresiones 3D, inteligencia artificial (IA), entre otras [3]. La VR, es comúnmente conceptualizada como la digitalización de entornos que pertenecen al mundo real, cuya meta es trasladar al usuario, a través de elementos externos como Head mounted displays (HMD´s) y sensores, a interfaces con un alto grado de inmersión. Sin embargo, es necesario tomar en cuenta que existen dos tipos de VR, una clasificación marcada de esta tecnología, en la cual no solo se encuentran sistemas inmersivos. i) VR no inmersiva., la cual se transmite por medio de monitores con gráficos 3D o 2D sin el uso de elementos externos. ii) VR semi-inmersiva, combina escenarios virtuales con el mundo real. Este tipo de RV ocupa dispositivos como proyectores y sistemas computarizados de alto rendimiento [4,5]. Esta herramienta digital tiene un amplio abanico de posibilidades en cuanto a su uso, siendo aplicada desde el campo de los videojuegos, pasando por la medicina y llegando a ser una opción de bajo costo dentro de la industria. Entre los softwares más utilizados para el desarrollo de la VR, se encuentran dos potentes motores gráficos, Unity 3D y Unreal. De igual manera, cuando se habla de VR inmersiva, los HMD´s con más uso son los desarrollados por Oculus y HTC [6]. Por lo descrito en párrafos anteriores, siendo evidencia para plasmar esta investigación en un artículo científico, en el cual presenta la creación de un sistema VR para el entrenamiento en la industria de los motores trifásicos. Lo que se pretende, es detectar y corregir fallos mecánicos. Además, se presenta su comparación con un sistema de entrenamiento de uso convencional. El sistema ha sido desarrollado mediante el motor grafico Unity 3D y Blender. Se ha integrado, también, el HMD y controles HTC VIVE.
Optimización de Los procesos operativos mediante la teoría de restricciones en empresas metalmecánicas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Espín Guerrero, Ricardo David; Ortiz Sailema, Christian Ismael
The research is about the operational processes optimization using the theory of constraints in the metal-mechanical Maquinarias Espín. Initially, delays and bottlenecks were detected in the production of wood processing machines, these aspects forced the extension of the working day. The production of the seven machines with the highest demand was considered, taking into account the information of the average monthly quantity required according to the orders of the last two years. A time study was carried out and the available resources were evaluated to quantify the use of the workstations. Two constraints were identified in hand saw cutting and turning as part of the application of the theory of constraints, with utilization ercentages of 111.82% and 105.11%, which implied an inability to meet the average monthly demand. From exploiting the constraints based on the application of the PLE to maximize the return and once everything was subordinated to them, the maximum possible monthly return was determined to be $78470, with a maximum net profit of $68362.68. However, the maximized production volume did not meet the average monthly demand, with a shortfall of 5% of circular saws and 75% of band saws. A CNC plasma cutting machine was added as well as the distribution of workers at the workstations was rearranged. It was determined that there were no longer any constraints once the actions were implemented, but the PLE was again applied to optimize production based on the available resources. These actions allowed obtaining a maximum yield of $ 87768.74, with an optimal monthly gross profit of $ 77188.10, an increase of 12.91% of the gross profit from the sale of the machines, having covered the production capacity required by the demand.
Gestión de inventarios para optimizar recursos en empresas de productos cárnicos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Soto Velásquez, María Alexandra; Ortiz Sailema, Christian Ismael
In this research, an inventory management system is established for the meat company La Crianza. For the development of the research, the main causes of the deficient inventory management were identified through observation files and surveys of the operators. The main reasons for the problem are that the working methodology in the warehouse is not defined and inventory control systems are not applied. Based on the current diagnosis of the company, activities were established for the application of the 5S methodology in the storage area, inventory policies, processes for requesting, issuing and receiving purchase orders, and criteria were defined for the selection of suppliers. For the development of inventory management policies, the forty meat items sold by the company were taken as a stratified population, the sample was selected through an ABC analysis analyzing the net profit of each product as a classification factor. The result of the analysis showed that nine articles represent 79.80% of the profitability of the company. Weekly sales in 2020 are analyzed from the selected articles, by means of a graphical test carried out in the Minitab software it was determined that the sales of the products conform to a normal distribution with a pvalue> 0.05. Once the normality of the data was verified, periodic review policies were established for each of the items,for the analysis one day was assumed as replacement time and the acquisition frequency established by the company was respected because the products analyzed have a R=reduced shelf life. Indicators were defined to determine the efficiency of the inventory management system, including the duration of the inventory, an indicator that currently exceeds the five days of storage established in the company's policies. It was also determined that 7 of the 12 suppliers that the company has approved with a rating greater than 6/10 the evaluation carried out according to the proposed criteria, the main factor that was analyzed for the rating was the quality of the supplies.
Revisión sistemática de la utilización de Lot Streaming en diferentes tipos de procesos de fabricación con el objetivo de reducir el Makespan
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Producción y Operaciones Industriales, 2021) Salazar Moya, Patricia Alexandra; García Sánchez, Marcelo Vladimir
La Administración de Operaciones enfocada a la Manufactura se refiere al uso de estrategias para combinar los recursos de una organización con el fin de elaborar productos de consumo. Dentro de su estudio se ha diferenciado algunas dimensiones para establecer una posición competitiva de la empresa, entre estas dimensiones existen dos de gran valía, el costo de producción que en consecuencia recae en el precio final de un producto, el que se espera que sea cada vez más bajo a fin de ganar un nicho de mercado; la otra dimensión es la velocidad de entrega que debe ser disminuida con el objetivo de ser una mejor opción con respecto a los demás competidores. Los esfuerzos que las industrias han realizado en los de mejorar estas dos dimensiones se consideran fundamentales dentro de cualquier Plan de Mejora Institucional. La producción por lotes y el dimensionamiento de los mismos (Lot Streaming) se relaciona directamente con la velocidad a la que se entrega el producto final (Makespan), por ende con el tiempo de operación o fabricación, en diferentes entornos de producción y respondiendo a diferentes dispositivos y sistemas avanzados, a lo largo del mundo, haciendo un uso cada vez más exponencial de las herramientas tecnológicas y de procesamiento de datos existentes. Si bien los estudios de ventaja competitiva y control de la producción vienen desde el principio de los tiempos, no se pueden considerar como que la materia haya quedado en desuso o se haya extinguido, debido a que las industrias existen y se van mejorando día a día, las estrategias que se adopten para generar mayor satisfacción en los clientes son de estudio actual, reciente y de alto impacto, considerándose además en un tema de significancia universal. Este estudio pretende realizar un análisis de los artículos científicos publicados en revistas indexadas en lo que se refiere a la aplicación del Lot Streaming en diferentes entornos de los procesos productivos, orientados principalmente a la reducción del Makespan, en un enfoque lo más amplio posible, es decir, sin seguir un filtro de región o país de publicación, pero sí segregando la información según el año de publicación, que será desde el año 2010 al año 2020, con preponderancia o casi exclusividad del idioma de publicación inglés. Este análisis se esquematiza en una revisión sistemática, que tiene su base en la herramienta Prisma, que es una propuesta de normas que seguir para mejorar este tipo de revisiones, de manera que el trabajo final evite la redundancia de información y la aparición de sesgos, es decir, logrando un trabajo limpio de favoritismos previos en cuanto a los conocimientos ya adquiridos.