Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/30258

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Proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de materiales compuestos con matriz polimérica y refuerzo de fibra de vidrio para su uso en filamento de impresión 3D
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Villegas Suárez, Edmundo Sebastián; Espín Lagos, Segundo Manuel
The present research work was focused on determining the best configuration of the polymeric matrix of recycled PET plastic and glass fiber reinforcement, for the manufacture of a new polymeric composite material intended for the extrusion of filament for 3D printing; For the analysis several aspects were determined such as the feasibility of extrusion of the composite material, the nozzle diameters of the extruder and 3D printer, the feasibility and processing of the raw material such as shredded recycled PET and later pelletized, in addition to the fiberglass in different configurations and redesign and implementation of the extruder machine. Using these considerations, the results of the diameter of the filaments obtained in each configuration and volumetric composition were analyzed, and the best option was determined by means of a T-student statistical analysis; with the result obtained from the analysis, the mechanical properties of the material were determined. The results of this research showed that the optimal configuration with filament for 3D printing is 90 percent recycled PET plus 10 percent glass fiber powder, and this is the most feasible for the extrusion of the filament since it fits the diameter of the nozzle of the 3D printer; at the same time, the mechanical properties of this new material were determined.
Tecnología para la automatización del proceso de teñido STONE en máquina lavadora industrial de jeans
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Marco Vinicio Pilco Núñez; López Velástegui, Jorge Enrique
The present investigation has as objective the automation of the stone dyeing process, in the industrial washing machine, according to the conditions of the Apitex jean washing machine, in a first aspect a bibliographic and field study is carried out, so that the variables to be controlled are determined, such as: Temperature, time and water level, which are directly involved in the stone process implemented in the washing machine, it is also determined that the quality in terms of effectiveness is 99 percent and efficiency is equal to 90 percent, relating these values it is determined that productivity is 89 percent in the current process. With this background, the automated conceptual design of the process is carried out, with the purpose of making an adequate selection of the equipment such as: controller, actuators and sensors, which comply with the standards implemented in the process conditions and economic acquisition of the same. Next, the equipment was implemented in the industrial washing machine, with a capacity of 50Kg, of the Apitex washing machine for the subsequent calibration and operation of the automated stone dyeing process, finally when relating quality and efficiency of the final process, it was determined that the productivity is 95 percent, increased by 6 percent in relation to the initial process of the business.
Tecnología del proceso de recuperación de ejes por aspersión térmica y su incidencia en la resistencia al desgaste adhesivo de revestimientos superficiales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Zambonino Hernández, Neris Leodán; Vaca Ortega, Wilson Henry
During the last years, the technological advance in Ecuador is the basis for the strengthening of the national industry, with the implementation of new manufacturing techniques, but some of the main problems are the high costs of importing mechanical components for their replacement, so the objective of this research is to propose the technology of the thermal spray shaft recovery process to evaluate the adhesive wear resistance of surface coatings, as a solution to the problem. The wear resistance behavior of SAE 1018 steel with the application of RotoTec- 29011, MetaCeram-28060 and Eutalloy-10009 coatings, applied by the thermal flame spray process, was evaluated. Samples of each material were evaluated to determine the hardness with and without coatings, and then wear tests were carried out in compliance with the conditions of the parameters established in procedure "A" of ASTM G 83-96. From these data, values were obtained for the volume of material lost and the wear coefficient for each material. The results of the tests indicate that the wear value is lower for the Eutalloy-10009 coating, while the RotoTec-29011 coating shows higher wear. In addition, a technical guide was established for the dimensional recovery of worn shafts by means of the thermal flame spraying process with Eutalloy-10009 surface coating, as well as a review of the technical specifications and parameters of the CastoDyn DS 8000 equipment, the sequence of activities and the technical and economic evaluation of the process.
Evaluación de costos de mecanizado por arranque de viruta para aceros inoxidables ASTM a743 grado CA6-NM y soldadura ER312 y ER410 para el CIRT-CELEC EP
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Salazar Freire, Mayra Isamar; Cabrera Anda, Santiago Paúl
The research project focuses on the analysis of milling and turning costs in hydraulic turbine impellers. This is important because the machining parameters were evaluated and how they affected the useful life of the inserts used for roughing stainless steel ASTM A743 grade CA6-NM, base material, and ER 312 and ER 410 welding. For this purpose, the machining costs were experimentally compared with different cutting tools to establish variables and their relationship with the final machining cost. The present study had a qualitative and quantitative approach in which variables, which intervened in the machining process by chip removal, were handled. The parameters used for each of the cutting tools were the following based on those recommended by the manufacturer of each one as shown below: TD1 Vc=225 (m/min), TD2 gives 270 (m/min), TD3 gives 100 m/min and TD4 = 250 m/min, for the turning process. Giving from this group the Taylor slope 0.79, while the data offered by stainless steel A743 with ER 410 welding gives n=0.8 and stainless steel A743 with ER 312 welding gives = 0.87. For the milling process, the following parameters were also considered: FD1 Vc=120 (m/min), FD2 Vc=120 (m/min), FD3 Vc=235 (m/min) and FD4 Vc=400 (m/min). On the other hand, the costs of using machinery and consumables in the order of the inserts detailed above were 16.67, 19.38, 16.12 and 10.11dollars, respectively. Finally, the hypothesis was validated, defining as optimum parameters the type of insert, cutting speed and recommended feed rate, concluding with the experimental comparison of the different inserts and fulfilling the proposed objectives.
Evaluación de la calidad de procesos de soldadura a travès de realidad aumentada
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Alcocer Salazar, Francisco Saúl; Arteaga López, Oscar Bladimir
Industry 4.0 in the country has a great growth so one of the main problems is the continuous improvement of quality control processes generally in welding, traditional methods of visual inspection are used, and currently the knowledge of new technologies for these methods is booming. A mobile application was developed on Android 10 through a free software such as Unity and Vuforia with Visual Studio 2019, in which the physical parameters were determined to digital parameters for the evaluation of the quality of welding processes through to augmented reality, is so the use of this new application can be displayed on all Android devices in the world. The development of this mobile application using augmented reality is an innovative tool that helps to evaluate the quality of weld seams made in single V butt joints, also by using the user menu you can scan a marker or QR code which must be placed in each joint to be analyzed, in this case the screen displays a menu of options that allows manual selection of the marker scanning options, After selecting the scan, the camera automatically searches for the weld bead, once focused approximately 300 mm long perpendicular to the surface, the screen displays vertical and longitudinal strips, colored strips in which weld width, weld length, undercuts, porosity, and lack of fusion are identified. This application is of great help and continuous improvement in quality control processes used in welding, its use is very simple and the inspection time is much less compared to traditional methods of visual inspection, and in the future you can link these data in real time for interpretation.
Optimización del proceso de torneado del acero AISI 304 mediante el sistema de lubricación / enfriamiento con nanofluido criogénico
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021) Chadán Llumitasig, Diego Armando; Núñez Núñez, Diego Fernando
In the present research work, carbon dioxide was used for cooling and the MQL system with biodegradable oil Unist Coolube 221 O EP, with nanoparticles of titanium oxide as an additive for spray lubrication of the models used with the help of the software, where the experiment with two fittings of, The experiment with two fittings of 30 degrees orientation and cutting speed of 195 m/min, presented more favorable results in the CFD analysis as surface quality and tool life due to several factors related to the hydraulics of the system and its geometry makes this configuration of the cutting fluid to reach the tool adequately; applying CFD analysis, the minimum temperature value at which the proposed model cools the cutting tool was determined and results in - 74.15 degrees Celsius, this is a higher value than the measured value of -62 degrees Celsius with the thermocouple in the constructed system, that is because the finite element software considers ideal conditions without taking into account the losses that occur in the system, these were validated with in situ experimentation, which yielded similar values in the shape of the cryogenic fluid beam, validating the proposed designs, which helped in the optimization proposal, verifying with the laboratory analysis, where the useful life of the cutting tool in the experiment would reach the wear criterion at 140 minutes of machining which is the most appropriate.
Diseño del proceso de manufactura del bastidor de un vehículo de competición GO KART aplicando técnicas de optimización
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-01) Jácome Guevara, Fausto Andrés; Arroba Arroba, Cesar Hernán
The present work aims to carry out the manufacturing process of a Go Kart chassis. Firstly, the design of the chassis is carried out in accordance with the regulations imposed by the CIK-FIA. The selection of the material is made by means of a previous choice of the three materials generally used in Ecuador for the manufacture of chassis, like ASTM A36, ASTM A 500 grade A and ASTM A1011. The analysis performed in the Ansys software shows that the best behavior to the applied stresses is the ASTM A1011 steel, so it is selected for the manufacture of the same. For the manufacture of the chassis, an efficient manufacturing process is designed in which the manufacturing time, costs and efficiency are taken into account by selecting the most suitable manufacturing processes for the elaboration of the frame, obtaining a functional, esthetic and economic structure.
Tecnología del galvanizado electrolítico en superficies interiores de piezas mecanizadas en tornos CNC en la empresa Impofreico S.A
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-01) Andrade Icaza, Carlos Fernando; Lara Núñez, Mario Alcides
The aim of this research is to study the electro galvanizing of zinc or electroplating of Zinc, on the inner surfaces of R-1 3/16 couplings manufactured by Impofreico S.A. By means of a factorial experimental 2 to the third power design, varying parameters of the coating process, such as; the arrangement of the couplings, the agitation of the electrolyte and the immersion time, in order to determine the incidence on its quality of anti-corrosive protection under the INEN 1176 standard. To obtain the optimum levels of the electrolyte for the electrodeposition, a Hull cell was use. From the results obtained, it was established that the optimum working parameters are at a temperature of 20 Celsius degrees and with a current density of 2.7 ampere per square decimeter. After the experiments, it was observed that the arrangement of the couplings inside the electrolyte is the most determinant in terms of coating of the zinc layer of the internal surface of the samples, providing a good anticorrosive protection to the elements of study. Likewise, after the cost analysis to implement the equipment for the process, it was determined that the return on investment would be in 18 months and from that date the economic savings for the company will be 40 percent.
Tecnología de fabricación de moldes para optimizar el proceso de moldeo por soplado de envases PET, en una planta embotelladora de bebidas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-01) Yugsi Llano, Diego Javier; Analuiza Maiza, Oscar Iván
Currently, the best designed and manufactured molds are not made in Ecuador, they come from foreign companies, increasing the cost of imports and manufacturing times of prototype molds for testing, factors that affect the efficiency of packaging production; therefore, the objective of this research project is to design the mold manufacturing technology and simulate the blow molding process of PET containers, which will be validated according to the specifications required by the beverage bottling plant in order to optimize times, manufacturing costs and process parameters. Mold manufacturing technology was designed through computer-aided design and manufacturing and engineering software (CAD/CAM/CAE) and the machining parameters and materials available in the country were established for the manufacture of each of the parts that make up a blow mold. With the development of the simulation of the blow molding process using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, the mechanical and thermal properties of the mold were evaluated and the thickness for the containers was determined, thus, the transfer temperatures were analyzed heat in the mold during the molding process according to process parameters of the bottling plant. Finally, a technological report was implemented to optimize the blow molding process, which describes the appropriate parameters to eliminate defects in the containers, which are a pressure of 32 bars, a temperature of 95 degrees centigrade, cycle time blowing speed of 2.5 seconds at a speed of 7.31 meters per second and a heat transfer coefficient of 6569.3 Watts, whose data is associated with the simulation run.
Optimización del perfil hidráulico de un rodete tipo Francis de la Central Hidroeléctrica San Francisco
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-01) Núñez Villacís, Guido Santiago; Arroba Arroba, Cesar Hernán
The research work is based on the bibliographic and field methodology, the research method used was experimental, to complete the optimization method, five experiments were carried out in which variations were made in its geometric dimensions, to execute a computational study Using computational fluid dynamics in the virtual laboratory of the CIRT turbine research and recovery center, the main study parameters were the thickness of the blade, as well as the fluid inlet and outlet angles in relation to the impeller, resulting in efficiency produced by the impeller in each of the experiments performed. With these experiments, it was possible to conclude that, by modifying to the opposite direction of the main inlet curvature of the blade, the efficiency value can be increased, reducing turbulence along the path of the fluid on the surface of the blade, which improves the hydrodynamic properties, thus lengthening the useful life of the turbine.
Tecnología de manufactura de carrocerías de vehículos tipo GO-KARTS con el uso de material compuesto de matriz epoxi con fibra biodegradable yute
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Naranjo Santiana, Ronny Jairo; Lara Núñez, Mario Alcides
The main objective of this research project is to characterize a new material by combining natural jute fiber with epoxy resin to new material by combining natural jute fiber with epoxy resin for the manufacture and fabrication of the fairing and manufacture of the components of the fairings that make up the bodywork of the competition go kart competition go kart vehicle. From the characterization and analysis of the tests, it was determined that the material biocomposite material of 70 porcentage epoxy matrix and reinforced with 30 porcentage jute fiber had the best tensile behavior under the standard (ASTM D3039- 2017) allowed us to carry out a procedure for the application of the material in the manufacture of the fairings of the go kart bodywork and by means of the impact simulation in the program Ansys Ls-Dyna reseach, the mechanical behavior of the models was evaluated in different phenomena, among them frontal impact, rear lateral impact and aerodynamic analysis of the maximum stresses that do not exceed 45.73 Mpa during the analysis time of 0.15 seconds. in the same way the aerodynamic behavior presented good characteristics in the flow of the aerodynamic behavior presented good characteristics in the air current flow, reaching a maximum fluid velocity of 12.07 m/s. Subsequently, the mold models were designed using CAD/CAE programs for manufacturing and engineering and parameters were established to build the molds. engineering and manufacturing software, and parameters were established to build the molds manually and with the manually and with the vacuum molding technique for each component that makes up the body of the go kart vehicle. the body of the go kart vehicle. Finally, a technological process is implemented for the manufacture of the body components such as the front, side and rear components such as the front, side and rear fairing and the steering cover with a thickness of 2mm. whose data show that the biocomposite has good resistance and mechanical behavior. good resistance and mechanical behavior.
Proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de un aislante térmico mediante la reutilización de residuos de material compuesto de matriz de resina poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Freire Quinga, Erika Pamela; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
The present investigation develops the technological process for the manufacture of a thermal insulator obtained from the combination of gypsum with crushed waste of a material with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) for the manufacture of ceiling panels, the mechanical and thermal properties of flexure, hardness and thermal conductivity were evaluated of each volumetric configurations analyzed. From the tests, it was determined that the best mechanical and thermal behavior of the composite material was 50 percent gypsum and 50 percent GFRP with a thickness of 9.5 mm with a flexural strength of 10.93 MPa, surface hardness with a footprint of 13mm and thermal conductivity of 0.11 W / m K,, also the presence of GFRP residues reduces the weight of the ceiling by 60 percent as well as the manufacturing cost. In conclusion, composite material of gypsum with GFRP waste improved the mechanical properties compared to existing gypsum panels.
Modelo numérico de formación de cordón y distribución de calor en la soldadura de pases de revenido para el proceso de reparación de un rodete tipo PELTON
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Yépez Intriago, Ambar Carolina; Vaca Ortega, Wilson Henry
The present research work is based on the calculation of the temperature inherent to the welding cycle of the Pass Pass Reheat, a process used for the recovery of Pelton Impellers. This temperature established by the welding parameters such as voltage, amperage and travel speed are crucial for the thermally affected zone, which can change its microstructure and increase its hardness. Four experiments have been carried out in which the welding parameters were combined, and the temperature and hardness were calculated. The hardness was checked by testing and the temperature was checked by finite element analysis software. By means of calculations, computational modeling and experimentation, it was determined that the microstructure obtained in the HAZ is tempered martensite, and that the hardness value is similar to that of the base material, providing functionality to the impeller. Additionally, a temperature comparison was performed to confirm that the analysis point is far from the welding source.
Determinación del proceso tecnológico para la fabricación de fachaletas de PVC como material opcional en la construcción de viviendas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Solís Santamaria, Tannia Magally; Carrillo Rosero, Carlos Mauricio
This project deals with the manufacture of cladding by injection molding of PVC polymer as an alternative material for the construction industry, where the analysis and design of the cladding mold are carried out using CAD/CAM software programs. The use of CAD/CAM tools allows reducing both, production time and cost. As this process occurs through injection molding, custom products can be manufactured meeting the needs of various sectors. Through the determination to depend upon the technological process for the manufacture of cladding, tests are carried out to validate the mechanical properties of cladding through compression, impact, and flammability tests along with UV ray experiments, thickness, production, and commercial cost, which are parameters to determine the quality of the product. To simplify the manufacturing process, a technological report of this study was conducted through the description of adequate parameters for its correct production. The results were favorable as 896 cladding molds, with a thickness of 2 mm, a net weight of 25 grams, and a selling price of 3.73 U.S. dollars per square meter, were produced. Therefore, cladding commercial cost, as well as weight, are significantly lowered concerning what it would represent within the construction industry.
Optimización de las propiedades mecánicas a fractura para juntas soldadas a tope bajo proceso SMAW (AWS D1.1) utilizadas en la fabricación de estructuras metálicas en la compañía SEMADIJE LTDA
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-06) Reyes Pérez, Diego Fernando; Paredes Salinas, Juan Gilberto
The present development work is focused on the optimization of the mechanical properties to fracture for butt welded joints under SMAW process. For this purpose, a combination analysis of the most influential variables in the welding process was carried out and its mechanical properties were tested by tensile, crack propagation and impact tests. The base material used for this research was ASTM A572 grade 50 steel, with E-6010, E-6011 and E-7018 filler materials, using different percentages of the latter for each combination. Regarding the welded joints, the SMAW welding process was used, which complies with the requirements of the AWS D1.1 code, and which is widely used in the manufacture of metallic structures. From the aforementioned tests, evaluations were obtained, which allow to statistically analyze each one of them, which allows to obtain the optimum combination with respect to their resistance to fracture, both individually and globally. After the respective analyses, it can be seen that the combination that presents an improvement in the mechanical properties to fracture is the one that corresponds to the use of the E-7018 electrode with a type of X-shaped joint.
Desarrollo de un sistema híbrido “Plug and Play” de lubricación pulverizada con nanofluido y fluido criogénico para mejorar los procesos de mecanizado por arranque de viruta torneado
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica. Maestría en Mecánica Mención Manufactura, 2021-07) Arias Soto, Diego Rafael; Núñez Núñez, Diego Fernando
The present research work focuses on the development of a hybrid system, which increased the surface quality of the machined material; CO2 was used for the cryogenic fluid and the MQL system with biodegradable oil Unist Coolube 2210 EP with TiO2 nano particles as additive for the spray lubrication. The system was evaluated using an experimental methodology applying a design of experiments of 8 runs where it was proposed to run the experiments with cutting speeds of 235 and 195 m/min and feeds of 0.1 and 0.2 mm/rev using a cutting tool, a sintered carbide insert CNMG120408 in a material applicable in the Ecuadorian industry such as API L80 steel pipes with an outer diameter of 3.5 inches. For the measurement of the surface finish, a measuring instrument, the Mitutoyo SJ-210 roughness meter, was used, while for the measurement of the cutting tool flank wear, the VB life criterion equal to 300 micrometers in zone B of the insert established by the ISO3685 standard was evaluated with the help of SEM scanning microscopy. The results obtained were favorable since an increase in the cutting tool life of up to 40 percent was obtained, while in the surface finish minimum Ra roughness of 0.4 micrometers was achieved; therefore, it was possible to establish that the proposed system is efficient in this machining process.