Ciencias de la Salud
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Item Adaptación pictográfica de la escala de Lawton y Brody auto evaluable en el adulto mayor(2025-03-11) Erazo Barona, Lissette Katherine; Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosDuring the aging process, changes occur that affect various areas of the body, leading to a decrease in physical function and motor ability. These changes can restrict or reduce the ability to perform activities of daily living, especially the more complex ones, known as instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). These include tasks such as using the telephone, housekeeping, preparing meals, shopping, doing laundry, managing finances, taking medication, and using public transportation. Therefore, there is a need to assess functionality in the elderly population using the LawtonBrody Scale, a widely recognized instrument for measuring people's ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The functionality of elderly people from four cantons belonging to the province of Tungurahua was assessed, which is particularly important because this region, like many others, faces a progressive demographic aging. This implies that more and more people will reach advanced ages, and therefore, it is crucial to identify possible functional impairments early. This will allow the design and implementation of interventions aimed at improving their quality of life and maintaining their autonomy for as long as possible. The research identified the need to implement a modification of the scale to facilitate selfassessment of functionality. For this reason, it is very important to adapt the Lawton-Brody Scale pictographically, which would allow the elderly population to self-assess in a more accessible and understandable way, in this way they can know their functional status and request help in time if necessary. The use of simple visual representations of the activities to be assessed is especially beneficial for those people with cognitive difficulties or reading limitations, as it reduces comprehension barriers and promotes a more intuitive assessment. This adaptation not only facilitates the direct participation of older adults in their own assessment, but would also improve the accuracy of the results by better reflecting their personal perception of their functional abilities.Item APLICACIÓN DE LOS PRINCIPIOS BIOÉTICOS EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA CARRERA DE ENFERMERÍA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-10-02) Zamora Ruiz, Kimberly Sabrina; Chileno Camacho, Luis FelipeIntroduction: there are very few studies related to bioethical principles, despite the fact that these are fundamental in the execution of clinical practice. Methodology: applied research of quantitative type, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design and descriptive approach, the sample size is 80 people determined by a simple random sampling, among seventh semester students at the Technical University of Ambato. Results: the results were that 80 % of students performed the activities corresponding to the principle of autonomy, 80 % of participants applied the principle of non-maleficence, 85,4 % of people developed the activities for the principle of justice, and 83 % of participants applied the necessary activities on the principle of beneficence. Discussion: bioethics is known to have 4 principles that have an important role in nursing practice, these are non-maleficence, beneficence, autonomy, justice the principles should be used not only by nurses if not by all health personnel, to provide adequate care. Conclusions: Within this study it was determined that students apply bioethical principles in their externship practices through the activities determined by the questionnaire.Item ASPECTOS BIOÉTICOS DE LA LIMITACIÓN DEL ESFUERZO TERAPÉUTICO EN LA UNIDAD DE CUIDADOS INTENSIVOS(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermería, 2024-05-28) Calero Calero, Karina Margarita; Guarate Coronado, Yeisy CristinaIntroduction: The care provided in the intensive care unit has recognized significant scenarios regarding the provision of activities focused on prolonging life, however, decision-making should be considered under bioethical criteria governed by the participation of the user and family. Methodology: A descriptivedocumentary review was carried out based on the analysis of scientific data registered in Scielo, PubMed and bibliographic managers linked to the research topic, using PRISMA diagram, search equations such as "Ethics AND Limitation of Therapeutic Effort" OR Intensive Care Unit. Results: We found 30 articles which allowed us to know the bioethical aspects of the limitation of therapeutic effort within the intensive care unit. Conclusion: The application of the limitation of therapeutic effort within the intensive care unit is still controversial due to the legal repercussions that this implies, however, the health professional has the necessary training in the bioethical field to make a pertinent judgment regarding the development of restrictive measures for futility or non-beneficenceItem Estimulación Cognitiva para personas adultas mayores en situación de pobreza.(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-09-01) Valencia Sánchez, Nilda Jazmina Ps. Cl.; Cueva Rubio, María AugustaPs. Cl. Mg.The objective of the current study was to implement a cognitive stimulation program that favors the development of autonomy and prevents cognitive deterioration in older adults living in poverty in the town of Juan Benigno Vela, for which a design of A quasi-experimental research with a quantitative approach of a longitudinal type and descriptive scope, twelve older adults participated and due to the health emergency, there was no control group. Cognitive function was measured by the Folstein Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), 1975. The intervention was carried out during ten sessions, in ten consecutive weeks, with an average duration of forty-five minutes. For the data analysis, the SPSS version 24 program is used. It was shown that cognitive stimulation significantly improves the cognition of the elderly (t = 5.29; p = .000), finding a significance in time orientation (t = 6.51; p = .000), orientation in space (t = 4.05; p = .002), attention in calculation (t = 3.34; p = .007), deferred memory (t = 3.44; p = .005), comprehension and execution of an order (t = 2.55; p = .027) and copy of a drawing (t = 2.35; p = .039). It is concluded that cognitive stimulation for older adults strengthens autonomy and independence in daily living activities and preventing cognitive deterioration.Item Programa educativo para desarrollar competencias parentales y autonomía en menores de cinco años mediante talleres de juegos dirigidos a padres.(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-03-01) Vera Llerena, Regina Maricela Lcda.; Lara Salazar, Cristina Mariela Mg.The present investigation with the name, evaluating the autonomy of children under five years of age and parental competences, helps in the early detection of comprehensive developmental delays in children. The autonomy of infants leaves great benefits within the social area; they are children capable of fulfilling their responsibilities, they can selfregulate, they are persevering. It proposes as an objective: to design an educational program to develop parental skills and autonomy in children under five years of age, in reference to the methodology, a study with a quantitative, analytical, prospective approach was developed in which 33 children in the age range of 0 to 5 years and 33 parents, in which the level of autonomy and parental skills could be determined. In the conclusions it is determined that more than 50% of children are in the lap of the development of autonomy, the ranges evaluated were four, among them we have; 25 months to one day before turning 30 months, from 30 months to one day before turning 37 months, from 37 months to one day before turning 49 months, from 49 months to one day before turning 60 months. The positive parenting test applied to 33 parents within two age ranges of 0-3 years and 3-7 years, allows to show that more than 50% have difficulty exercising bonding and protective competences, it is established that children who They show a lapse in the development of autonomy in the same way with the same percentage of parents who have difficulty in exercising parental competencies within the four areas of parental competencies; linking, protective, reflective and formative, applying the Pearson correlation test it is verified that the two study variables have correlation. Given the results obtained, it is considered important to propose an educational program to stimulate parental skills and autonomy in children under five years of ageItem Guía para estimular el área socio afectiva con terapia lúdica en niños de 5 a 6 años con estrés que acuden al Centro de Estimulación Temprana Happy Children(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-03-01) Pérez Guilcapi, Mayra Paola Lcda; Valencia Cepeda, María Cristina Ps. Cl.Mg.In this research a playful guide is proposed to stimulate the socio-affective area in children from 5 to 6 years old who present stress, the population of this study corresponds to 30 children; of which 16 belong to the female sex and 14 to the male sex. The objective of this project is to establish the relationship between socio-affective development and the level of stress. The purpose of the research is to verify if playful activities are feasible to reduce the level of stress in children from 5 to 6 years old with socialization problems. The impact of this research will be evidenced in the change in attitude of infants to possible stressors that can be detected by health professionals, educators, parents, etc. In addition, this research is feasible because it has bibliographic evidence and the support of the Happy Children Early Stimulation Center, which has the appropriate space and material to carry it out. In this study, two tests were selected to obtain the necessary data and information; the EECI Daily Stress Test, which consists of 36 questions focused on the social, family, academic environment and the Denver II test, which measures the global development of the infant in children from 0 to 6 years old, which focuses on 4 areas of development such as: gross motor area, fine motor language and social area; with emphasis on the valuation of the personal social area. It was concluded that the majority of infants present abnormal socio-affective development, impairing their level of learning and development, especially in the social area. Regarding stress levels, it can be stated that a large number of infants are between the medium, high and very high levels, causing serious socialization problems, generating school, physical, psychological and communication difficulties.Item “La cadena conductual como método para el desarrollo de habilidades autónomas en niños de 3 a 4 años de edad.”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Estimulación Temprana, 2018-10-01) Peralvo Fiallos, Geovanna Isabel; Betancourt Ulloa, Nancy del Carmen Ps. Cl.The present investigation was developed in the city of Ambato, in the Province of Tungurahua with a population of 20 boys and girls between 3 and 4 years old belonging to Melita's Initial Education Center, whose general objective is to determine the result. of the application of the Behavioral Chain as a method for the development of autonomous skills in the population to be evaluated. As an assessment tool, an observation sheet was applied to infants, which was a baseline of autonomous skills, an instrument that assessed 6 autonomous personal care skills: going to the bathroom, getting dressed, undressing, washing hands, brushing teeth, wash your face. Given as a result the skills where the children had difficulty to fulfill them, once the baseline was obtained, the different methods of the behavioral chain were applied: complete presentation of tasks, backward chaining and forward chaining. It is concluded that the Behavioral Chain as a method for the development of autonomous skills worked in a meaningful way, resulting in an optimal percentage of autonomy in the children that the driver's driving was like this: in the activity of bathing with 37.5% with help and 62.5 alone, undressed: with help 33.3% and 66.7% alone, dressing: with help 42.9% and 57.1% alone, of the experimental population.Item “Deterioro cognitivo y autonomía de la vida diaria en adultos mayores del centro de atención integral del adulto mayor de la provincia de Tungurahua del cantón Ambato.”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Psicología Clínica, 2017-02-01) Vargas Maisa, Liz Ivonne; Flores Hernández Psc. Cl. Mg., Verónica FernandaThis study aims to determine how the cognitive impairment is associated with the activities of daily living in elderly patients, the study was conducted at the descriptive level based on a literature review and quantitative documentary design allowing statistical analysis led to 46 patients elderly Comprehensive Care Center for older adults in the province of Tungurahua, Ambato canton, techniques and instruments used are the Mini Mental Status Examination test of (Folstein), which measures cognitive same Deterior and affected areas, Barthel test that measures the functional capabilities of the activities of daily living in the elderly, and through the chi-square test found no relationship between cognitive impairment and autonomy of daily life therefore reject the hypothesis that these two variables are related (X2 (2) = 4.704, N = 46 p> 0.05)Item La Hidroterapia como Método Preventivo ante lesiones Osteomusculares en adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato-Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud-Carrera Terapia Física, 2016-04-01) González Oviedo, Andrés Sebastián; Garcés Gordon, Lida Carmelina Dr. Ft.The research project developed to analyze important aspects of hydrotherapy in older adults as a preventive method that contributes to the mobility and autonomy to improve the quality of life taking as example members “Identity Group We”, Municipal GAD of Ambato, to evaluate the physical condition through a technical assessment of the musculoskeletal and to assess the effects of hydrotherapy as a preventative method. The dimensions discussed in the therapeutic use of water and treatment and; recovery, maintenance of muscles to an age group with ages over 65 years whose previous injury indicator are as tenditis, bursitis, and inflammation being the most common musculoskeletal level. To collect the information a structured knowledge level of hydrotherapy and function test using the Tinetti scale modified to evaluate balance and gait of the elderly questionnaire was executed, since the higher score is considered that there is better functionality while running or in balance, in order to guide the application of hydrotherapy to improve physical mobility, increased strength and endurance of the elderly.