Ciencias de la Salud
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Item PARASITOSIS INTESTINAL EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICIÓN(2025-06-17) Amaya Criollo, Lisbeth Estefania; Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Intestinal parasitosis represents a public health problem, since they are infections that occur by the ingestion of protozoan cysts, eggs or worm larvae, these are transmitted by the consumption of water or food contaminated with fecal matter, from person to person or from animals to humans, the social factors that influence are poverty, geographic condition, infrastructure of health services, education and lifestyle. Objective: To determine intestinal parasitosis in children and adolescents with malnutrition. Methods: Quantitative research approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive scope, with a population of 46 children and adolescents from the Salcedo Canton of the Jardín del Edén Foundation. Information was collected by taking anthropometric measurements and coproparasitic examination. Results: Of the total of 46 children and adolescents it was evident that according to the BMI/Age 67.4% were normal and 32.5% with malnutrition (due to deficit and excess), also 82.6% were found with parasitosis, with protozoa predominating 96.5% over helminths 3.5%, of which the greatest predominance was in the female sex 43.5%, the main species found were: Amoeba coli cyst 30.6%, amoeba histolytica 28.3% and giardia lamblia 15.3%. Conclusion: Intestinal parasitosis in children and adolescents in this research has nothing to do with malnutrition, because some of them had a normal nutritional status and despite that they had parasitosis.Item FACTORES DE RIESGO ASOCIADOS A LA CONTAMINACIÓN DE HEMOCULTIVOS EN PACIENTES ADULTOS Y PEDIÁTRICOS: UNA REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA(2025-02-24) Molina Bautista, Daniela Viviana; Jaramillo Ruales, Evelyn Katherine; Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio ClínicoIntroduction: bloodstream infections are one of the leading causes of mortality in children and adults worldwide. Blood cultures are essential diagnostic tests for identifying microorganisms and guiding antimicrobial treatment. However, sample contamination reduces diagnostic accuracy due to the introduction of contaminating organisms during sample collection or the patient's clinical condition. Methods: a systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines on studies found in PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, Web of Science, and BVS, including a total of 19 studies. Results: after reviewing the 19 studies, detailed information was gathered on a standardized protocol for the proper collection of blood samples for blood cultures in adult and pediatric patients. Additionally, internal and external risk factors associated with specimen contamination were analyzed. Some of these factors included the severity of the patient's condition, the immune system, the use of invasive devices, skin antisepsis, technical difficulties, or high workload. Conclusions: this research highlights the importance of rigorous implementation of standardized procedures to minimize risk factors associated with blood culture contamination and, consequently, the prevention of unnecessary treatments.Item Manejo nutricional del niño obeso una revision de literatura(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Mena Carrera, Aidam Carmita; Zúñiga Sánchez, Valeria Monserrath Dra.The aim of this research was to describe the processes in the nutritional management of children with obesity, through a systematic bibliographic review in the main scientific databases. Original and review scientific articles, clinical cases, graduate and postgraduate theses, with qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. The PRISMA method was used for the elaboration, as it is a systematic methodology for this type of review. Inclusion criteria: context, temporality, subject matter in relation to the topic and reliability. Exclusion criteria: studies on pharmacology, unfounded research, journals without indexation, publication dates outside the interval. The main results indicate that the nutritional management of an obese child depends on a healthy and balanced diet, physical exercise, reduction of sugary drinks and saturated fats. The education of nutritional aspects in the family, caregivers and schools is a strategy in prevention, the management of a public policy from the individual level to the government entities are measures in prevention. Primary intervention with a multidisciplinary team allows an effective approach to treatmentItem Desnutrición infantil en niños menores de 5 años en ecuador durante el periodo 2017-2021; revisión sistemática(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-01) Mejia Cocha, Amanda Irene; Galárraga Pérez, Edison Arturo Dr. MgChild malnutrition is a serious health problem that affects the less favored sectors of society, mainly due to economic factors. The purpose of this study was to identify the problem of child malnutrition in children under 5 years of age in Ecuador during the period 2017-2021. A review was carried out through a search in the electronic databases Medline, Scielo, VHL that included original articles, reviews, case studies, editorials, as well as technical reports from official entities in the field of health directly related to child malnutrition in children under 5 years. A total of 21 bibliographic sources directly related to the units of analysis were included: prevalence, diagnostic parameters, predisposing factors and diseases associated with child malnutrition. With the review, it is concluded that there is a high prevalence of child malnutrition in Ecuador, especially in the sierra region where the indigenous population is mainly affected; The economic factor is the main cause of this nutritional condition and the consequences are perceived both in the short and long term. The diagnostic parameters are based mainly on anthropometric indicators and biochemical ones as support.Item Síndrome inflamatorio multisistémico asociado a COVID-19 en pacientes pediátricos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Medicina, 2022-09-01) Fernández Arráiz, Gerardo; Acosta, Josué, Dr. Esp.Pediatric Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome (P-MIS) linked to SARS-CoV-2 is a generalized inflammatory reaction that develops approximately 4-6 weeks after COVID-19 illness. The aim of the article was to analyze the immunopathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of P-MIS. A systematic literature review was performed using databases such as Embase, Redalyc, LILACS, SciELO, Springer, Elsevier, EBSCO and Google Scholar and the keywords: Coronavirus disease, Kawasaki disease, child, intravenous immunoglobulins. Inclusion criteria were: full articles, published between the years 2019- 2022, in English and Spanish. Of the 273 articles found, 243 articles were rejected for not meeting the established criteria, with 30 articles selected as eligible. According to the results, SIM-P is characterized by fever, myocardial injury, shock and development of coronary artery aneurysms; laboratory tests show: elevation of markers of inflammation, changes in coagulation tests, especially significant elevation of D-dimer and fibrinogen and elevation of markers of myocardial injury, troponin and natriuretic peptide. Phase 1 treatment occurs with the administration of intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG), corticosteroids, low molecular weight heparin in a prophylactic dose; in phase 2, treatment consists of administration of a second dose of IVIG, progressive reduction of prednisone and use of biological therapy; and, in phase 3, infliximab or tocilizumab is used. In conclusion, SIM-P has elevated inflammatory markers and multi-organ involvement, with no associated bacterial diagnosis, with evidence of infection or recent exposure to SARS- CoV-2.Item Implementación de un material de apoyo motriz para estimular el gateo en niños con retraso en el desarrollo motor(Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud / Centro de posgrados, 2022-05-01) Velástegui Parra, Andrea Carolina Lcda.; Loza Sánchez, Edwin Humberto Dr. Esp.This research refers to the implementation of a motor support device to stimulate crawling in children with delayed motor development, whose objective was to reestablish the level of motor development of children from 10 to 15 months of age at the Center for Plusteraphy Early Stimulation, which identified the criteria that allow the development of an ergonomic-orthopedic device for support and maternal and child support, in addition, it was evidenced that there was a relationship between gross motor development and risk factors that was the premature of the children that were included in the study. The method that was reduced in the investigation was quantitative, descriptive and prospective. For the execution of the proposal, a device was designed that is based on the kangaroo method with the purpose of recovering and improving motor skills, especially crawling, promoting active and orderly movement of the motor sequenceItem Evaluación de la psicomotricidad en niños menores de 3 años durante la teleeducación en tiempos de confinamiento(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Enfermería, 2022-03-01) Arias Solis, Viviana del Rocío; Benavidcs Rovalino, Esther del Rocío Lic. Mg.Objective: To determine the psychomotor skills in children under 3 years of age, dtiring tele-education in times of confinement through the Denver test. The research was of a basic type with a quantitative approach and a sirnplc cohort; Thc Dcnvcr Test was iniplementetl, and it was alst› carried tout indiViÜLl:Illy ft›r each child. The test consiste of 55 items, and elassiJies children depending on their failures: normal, doubtJul and abnormal. One hundred participants were included in the study population. As a result, childrcn from 0 to 3 ycars old in thc pcrsonal social arca, 95’% had nomial dcvcloprnciit and 5% presentecl delay; in the area of fine mottx’ sl‹i11s, 5 l % reach adequate develtipirent and 49% present a delay; within the gross inotor area, 34% present retardation and 66% achieve adequate development; In the language area, 58'/» have a normal development and 42% present delay. lu conclusion, the pandeinic caused by Covid-19 is associated with an increase in ris1‹ factors for the adequate development of psychomotor skills. Mediation has been achieved with technology and the possibilities of realizing an inclusive and personalized approach in virtiial education.Item “La estimulación temprana en el desarrollo integral en niños de 2 a 3 años.”(Universidad Técnica de Ambato - Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud - Carrera de Estimulación Temprana, 2018-01-01) Núñez Ramírez, Valeria Estefanía; Lic. Mg. Raza Suarez, María Cristina