Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica
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Item Análisis de las correlaciones entre cbr, dcp, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de la parroquia Moraspungo, cantón Pangua, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil., 2025-02) Chica Torres, Marlon Adin; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaIn the province of Cotopaxi, numerous roads are covered with a granular or ballast layer, representing a viable alternative for connecting communities and facilitating transportation. However, these roads have an irregular and variable surface, requiring good traction for the vehicles traveling on them. This highlights the need to pave these local roads. Nevertheless, information regarding the index and mechanical properties of the soils is limited. This experimental study aims to correlate these properties for application in the design of flexible pavements, benefiting the Pangua canton and other areas with similar soils. In this experimental study, four roads in the Moraspungo parish were selected. Random road sections were chosen, and 12 soil samples were collected through open-pit excavation (each weighing 50 kg) after removing the vegetative layer. Field and laboratory tests were conducted, including correlation analysis between CBR, DCP, and index and mechanical properties, following AASHTO and ASTM standards. These analyses allowed us to determine the soil’s resistance and bearing capacity. Through the results and the application of analytical and exploratory research, simple and multiple correlations were obtained, along with their corresponding CBR values. Using these CBR values, the flexible pavement design and its structural layers were developed based on the AASHTO 93 methodology. Linear regression analyses identified simple and multiple correlations, considering only those exceeding 70 percent. Fourteen significant correlations were determined, with coefficients ranging between 0.710 and 0.999. Finally, a flexible pavement was designed for one of the selected roads, with the following structural layer thicknesses: 6.5 cm for the asphalt layer, 15 cm for the base, and 20 cm for the sub-base. These values were obtained from laboratory tests and correlation analyses.Item Evaluación de la red vial en el área urbana de la parroquia Izamba de la nueva historia de Ambato, Zona 29(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2025-02) Llerena Caisa, Ileana Katherine; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolRoad infrastructure is a fundamental element for socioeconomic development and traffic safety. In response to this, and in coordination with the Ambato Parish Government, this project proposes a comprehensive solution to evaluate the condition of the roads in the urban area of Izamba Parish, Zone 29. The aim is to obtain a precise and detailed diagnosis of the road system and provide practical and executable recommendations for its improvement, thus contributing to the sustainable development and well-being of its inhabitants. To achieve this, a study methodology was developed that comprised three main phases. The first phase involved a detailed topographic survey using high-precision equipment such as drones and RTK, complemented by a vehicular traffic analysis. This allowed for a precise characterization of the existing road conditions. In the second phase, laboratory tests were conducted based on standards to determine the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. In parallel, the condition of the existing pavement was evaluated using the PCI method, which allowed the level of deterioration to be established, and the rehabilitation needs to be defined, facilitating safe and efficient travel for the inhabitants. Finally, in the third phase, the pavement structure was designed, considering the load requirements and soil characteristics. Based on this design, a detailed budget was prepared, including the costs of materials, labor, and equipment, ensuring the economic viability of the project. As a result, a rehabilitation solution was designed that includes the repair of existing damages and the improvement of the load-bearing capacity of the road, ensuring a durable and safe road infrastructure. Additionally, a georeferenced database with detailed information will be delivered to the Ambato Municipal Government, as contribution from the Technical University of Ambato, for the benefit of the community.Item Evaluación visual y estructural del pavimento de la vía que va desde la intersección con la Troncal de la Sierra (e35) a la comunidad Galte Chine Pungo, en el tramo km 0+000 hasta km 4+000, de la parroquia Palmira, cantón Guamote, provincia de Chimborazo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Rueda Barahona, Francis Joel; Nuñez Aldaz, Galo WilfridoThe surface and structural evaluation of the pavement of the road that runs from the intersection with the highland trunk road (e35) to the Galte Chine Pungo community was carried out due to the different physical (potholes, cracks) and visual (lack of lights and ethical signs) problems that affect the safety and comfort of users. The experimental work began with the extraction of samples through the elaboration of calicatas one per km. This was followed by the collection of field information such as vehicle counts to determine vehicular demand, the characteristics of the subgrade material based on granulometry tests, Atterberg, Proctor and CBR limits, then the surface condition of the road was determined by visual inspection of the PCI and the structural condition of the road by determining the deflections using the Benkelman beam. As a result, once the field data and laboratory tests were processed and analyzed, it was determined that the most appropriate intervention for the track under analysis is periodic maintenance, since type I deflections and an average PCI of 54.07 were determined. Finally, a reference budget was prepared to carry out the proposed maintenance plan with a final value of $87.813,97 as of the date of publication.Item Análisis de la correlación entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de las parroquias el Corazón, Pinllopata y Ramón Campaña del cantón Pangua, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Ojeda Martínez, Aracelly Nathaly; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaAs time passes, roads face an increase in the loads that the pavement structures must support. The analysis of the correlation between CBR, DCP, index and mechanical properties of 12 soil samples collected in the study sectors was carried out. The index properties: the liquid limit, plasticity, plasticity index and granulometry, while the mechanical properties: density, optimal humidity and support capacity. CBR and DCP tests were carried out to determine the resistance and bearing capacity of the soils. For the correlations, an analytical approach methodology was used to analyze the data collected in the field and laboratory, and with these define simple and multiple correlations to obtain, from one of them, the CBR value necessary for the design of the flexible pavement in one of them. the routes studied. For which the qualitative and quantitative research method was applied, which allowed determining the data necessary for the calculation of the flexible pavement structure under the AASHTO 93 methodology. The results obtained were used to design the structure of the flexible pavement according to AASHTO Method 93, based on the CBR values obtained in the laboratory and through selected correlations, specific thicknesses were determined for the asphalt layer (10 cm), the granular base (15 cm) and the subbase (15 cm), with the option of starting with an initial asphalt layer 5 cm thick.Item Desarrollo de un plan de mantenimiento de las vías que abarcan una longitud de km 4+000 y conectan el barrio la libertad con el sector gran Colombia, ubicados en la parroquia Huachi Grande del cantón Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Tamayo Mediavilla, John Alexis; Pico Núñez, María FernandaThe objective of this study is to preserve the road infrastructure of the Hawai and Alaska roads in the Huachi Grande parish. The need for this project arises due to the accelerated wear of these roads, caused by the constant traffic of heavy vehicles and the significant flow of vehicles towards the nearby parish, this is detrimental to the inhabitants of the sector in terms of health, economy and production. To evaluate the state of the pavement, the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method and deflection measurements using the Benkelman beam were used. On the Hawai road, despite an average PCI of 64, indicating a good condition, a characteristic deflection was observed that exceeds the critical deflection. This suggests possible structural deficiencies, so a total reconstruction was proposed on this road. On the other hand, on the Alaska road, the section proposed for periodic maintenance presents an average PCI of 72, indicating a very good condition and good structural behavior. However, in the second section, where rehabilitation is proposed, the average PCI is 41, indicating a regular condition. This maintenance plan will provide a basis for the parish GAD to manage and plan more effective road maintenance on these roads. With a referential budget of $439,544.46 US dollars, the project will contribute to improving the mobility, accessibility, and connectivity of the Hawai and Alaska roads, promoting the economic, social, and environmental development of the área.Item Mejoramiento de la vía Pelileo – Huambaló, desde el redondel de la Huambaleña hasta Huasipamba, ubicada en el cantón Pelileo, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Poaquiza Galarza, Juan Sebastian; Cañizares Proaño, Byron GenaroThis Technical Project was carried out with the purpose of improving the Geometric Design of the road since it is currently deteriorated due to constant use and external phenomena, which does not have a pavement structure designed in accordance with current regulations, thus harming the mobility, quality of life and economy of the inhabitants of the sector. First, the existing parameters of the road were determined, such as: topographic survey, traffic study and determination of the physical and mechanical properties of the soil. Based on these parameters, a proposal was made to improve the geometric layout of the road, taking as a reference the provisions of the MTOP 2003, NEVI-12 and DG-peruana standards. Likewise, the design of the wearing course was carried out using the AASHTO-93 methodology. Finally, a referential budget was prepared for the improvement proposal. The proposal was structured according to the information gathered, its classification and functionality was established based on the TPDA, the thicknesses of each of the layers were determined considering the bearing capacity of the soil, and two cross sections were proposed. Finally, a referential budget was prepared, which considered different items with their corresponding unit prices and technical specifications. The purpose of this proposal is to provide better mobility to the inhabitants of the sectors so that they can carry out their usual and economic activities in a fast, efficient and safe manner.Item Elaboración de un plan de mejoramiento de la vía que une los sectores de la libertad de la parroquia Huachi Grande con el barrio Condorloma de la parroquia Santa Rosa del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Gavilanes Rivera, Albert Alexander; Moya Medina, Dilon GermánAdequate road infrastructure that complies with technical standards is essential to ensure the progress of society and traffic safety. In response to this situation and considering the needs of the GAD Parroquial de Huachi Grande and Santa Rosa, this project aims to propose a comprehensive improvement plan for the road linking these two parishes, since the current conditions do not guarantee the required safety and efficiency. For this purpose, a topographic survey was carried out with RTK equipment and a study of vehicular traffic. Subsequently, soil studies were carried out based on standards, thus establishing the physical and mechanical properties. This was followed by the improvement plan, which consisted of a geometric design of the road, as well as the calculation of the pavement structure, information necessary to prepare a referential budget and schedule. As a result, a road length of 4+640.89 km was defined, in addition to a future TPDA of 2687 vehicles/day for a design period of 20 years, classifying this road as class II. Subsequently, a design CBR of 13.35 percent is highlighted, which defined the soil as fair to good for use in subgrade. In addition, thicknesses of 7.5 cm were calculated for the asphalt binder, 15 cm for the base and 20 cm for the subbase. Finally, an economic analysis was carried out to obtain a budget for the implementation of the project of $1,514,594.25 and a time frame of 24 weeks.Item Elaboración de un plan de mantenimiento vial de la calle Pedro Fermín Cevallos en el tramo 0+000 km y 2+000 km; y de la vía Cevallos – Totoras en el tramo 0+000 km y 2+000 km, cantón Cevallos, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-08) Chango Luisa, Alex Dario; Bayas Altamirano, Myriam MarisolA well-maintained road system is essential for the development of a society, in addition to offering comfort and safety to the user. A road maintenance plan was drawn up for Pedro Fermín Cevallos street, section 0+000 km and 2+000 km; and for the Cevallos – Totoras Road, section 0+000 km and 2+000 km. To comply with the project, the abscission of the sections was carried out every 20 meters considering two extreme axes and one central axes, obtaining a total of 603 points that were subsequently georeferenced; the TPDA was determined; once the sampling units were calculated, the pavement condition index was evaluated through the PCI test and the evaluation of the structure with the Benkelman Beam test. Soil samples were extracted every kilometer and their physical and mechanical properties were determined in the laboratory, with the following tests: granulometry, Atterberg limits, Modified Proctor Type B and CBR. The data were tabulated and it was determined that, for the TPDA, the day with the highest vehicular traffic was Thursday with 679 vehicles; for the PCI evaluation, conditions were between good and regular, for which periodic maintenance is recommended. Regarding the Benkelman Beam test, a Type I deflection resulted for the study sections and in the CBR test, results between 14.53 and 38.59 percent were obtained. Finally, considering the results of the PCI test, a maintenance plan was proposed with a reference budget of 121,777.47 US dollars.Item Diseño geométrico y del pavimento de la vía Llangahua – Silipo – Pinllopata pertenecientes a las provincias de Tungurahua y Cotopaxi en el tramo km 8+000 – 12+000(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Saransig Velásquez, Wilmer Stalyn; Moreira Cedeño, Fricson LutgardoThe road project addressing the connection between the Llangahua, Silipo, and Pinllopata communities, located in the provinces of Tungurahua and Cotopaxi, emerges in response to the identification of the need to establish a road connection. This approach aims to improve the living conditions of the inhabitants, reduce product transportation times, and foster social and economic development in the region. A rigorous topographic survey and soil studies were carried out, including Grain Size Analysis, Atterberg Limits, Modified Proctor, and CBR (California Bearing Ratio) analysis. The soil classification as non-plastic or low-plasticity clayey sand, along with a design CBR of 8.10 percent, laid the foundations for the planning of the pavement structure. Simultaneously, the traffic study determined a projected Design Traffic Volume (TPDA) of 94 vehicles/day for a 20-year design period, classifying the road as a Class IV Collector according to the regulations of MTOP 2003. The horizontal, vertical, and transverse design was adjusted in accordance with these regulations, ensuring its coherence with established parameters. Based on the information gathered about soil characteristics and traffic flow, the pavement structure was defined, considering effective thicknesses to ensure the functionality and safety of the road. Finally, as a result, the quantification of the work was carried out to obtain a reference budget for the technical project, providing a clear understanding of the necessary resources and facilitating precise planning for the execution of the proposal.Item Análisis de las correlaciones entre CBR, DCP, propiedades índice y mecánicas en suelos de las parroquias las pampas y palo quemado, cantón Sigchos, provincia de Cotopaxi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería Civil y Mecánica, Carrera de Ingeniería Civil, 2024-02) Nauque Villacís, César Alexander; Pérez Maldonado, Ruth LorenaThe main objective of this experimental work was to establish correlation equations between CBR (California Bearing Ratio), DCP (Dynamic Cone Penetrometer), and the index and mechanical properties of soils in the Las Pampas and Palo Quemado parishes of the Sigchos canton in the Cotopaxi province. The intention is to use these equations to obtain approximate values of soil properties and apply them in the preliminary design of a flexible pavement structure. It is important to note that this proposal does not aim to replace the standardized soil testing methodology. Achieving this objective was divided into three phases. In the first phase, four roads were selected from among the two parishes, with three boreholes per road for a total of twelve. In these boreholes, in-situ tests were conducted, and samples were extracted for laboratory analysis. Laboratory tests were performed on the twelve samples to determine the index and mechanical properties of the soils. For the second phase, correlations were established between these properties, considering those with a coefficient of determination greater than seventy percent as valid. Finally, in the third phase, the design of the flexible pavement structure was carried out for the road connecting both parishes under study. In this process, both the laboratory-obtained CBR and the CBR derived from a selected correlation were used. It is noteworthy that there was no difference, as for both methods, the design consisted of an asphalt layer of 10 cm, a base of 15 cm, and a subbase of 20 cm. It was concluded that there is not a good correlation between CBR and DCP, as the coefficient of determination fell outside the acceptable range.