Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de la incorporación de tres dosis de tres abonos orgánicos en el cultivo de Kai -Lan (brassica olerácea) var. alboglabra en la parroquia La Península del cantón Ambato provincia Tungurahua(2010) Ortiz Cargua, Adriana Elizabeth; Beltrán, OctavioAn investigation of an Evaluation of the application of three doses of three organic fertilizers in the Cultivation of Kai-lan (Brassica alboglabrá) was held in the Parroquia La Península del Cantón Ambato-Tungurahua Province, at 2550 masl with an average temperature of 16 ° C and a mean of 477 mm of annual rainfall. The General Objective was established: Evaluate the application of three doses of three organic fertilizers in the Cultivation of Kai-lan and as Specific Objectives: To carry out the taxonomic classification and morphological description of the Kai-lan (Brassica alboglabrá); Determine the best source and the best doses of fertilizers applied in the cultivation of Kai-lan in the parish of the Peninsula; Propose a basic technical sheet for the production of Kai-lan that is suitable for larger plantations and is a guide for farmers; to determine the acceptance of the Ambato population in front of a new vegetable; and, contribute to the expansion of the productive spectrum of vegetables, for the horticultural area of the parish the Peninsula. The factors under study were: Factor A: Organic Fertilizers: Chicken Manure (Al), Bovine Manure (A2) and Vermiabono (A3); and Factor B: Dose: Low (DI), Medium (D2) and High (D3). For Chicken Manure the doses were: 0.5; 1.0 and 1.5 kg / m2; for Bovine Manure: 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2 kg / m2 and for Vermiabono: 0.4; 0.6 and 1.0 kg / m2 A Random Complete Blocks Design (DBCA) was applied in a factorial arrangement of 3 x 3 + 1 with a total of 10 treatments resulting from the factorial combination plus the Control in which no applied some fertilizer with 3 repetitions. The experimental unit consisted of 0.75 m2 plots. The Analysis of Variance and the Tukey Test at 5% were carried out for the sources that presented statistical significance. The evaluated indicators were: plant height at 30 and 45 days, weight of harvested stems per plant, slenderness, yield and number of harvested plants. Kai-lan was determined to be a vegetable of the brassica genus. For all indicators studied, the Factorial ranked first compared to the Witness. Regarding the variable Plant Height at 30 days, the three sources behaved similarly to the doses; Among the treatments, the following stand out: Chicken Manure * High Dose with 15.19 cm, Bovine * High Dose with 15.07 cm, Vermiabono * Medium Dose with 17.96 and Vermiabono * Dose Height with 20.22 cm the other treatments presented lower heights. In the variable Plant Height at 45 days, in the same way for Fertilizers and Dose there is a similar behavior in all the levels of these factors, in the treatments the Control and Vermiabono * Low Dose, presenting lower values of the other treatments, Vermiabano is a stand out. * High Dose with 29.24 cm and Vermiabono * Medium Dose with 25.27 cm. In the variable Weight of harvested stems per plant, in relation to Fertilizers: Vermiabono obtained 0.053 kg / plant; Regarding the Doses: High with 0.051 and Medium with 0.0445 kg / plant occupy the first places. In the treatments, Vermiabono * High Dose stands out with 0.068 kg / plant. In the Slenderness indicator, for Fertilizers we find Vermiabono and Bovino with 0.00213 and 0.00189, kg / cm, respectively; Regarding the Doses, the three behave in a similar way, while in the treatments Vermiabono * High Dose and Vermiabono * Medium Dose stand out with 0.0023 kg /. Regarding Yield, for Fertilizers Vermiabono stands out with 1.4563 kg / m2 in relation to Dose, High and Medium Dose are located with 1.39215 and 1.09526 kg / m ", while the Low Dose occupies rank B. Among the treatments is Vermiabono * High Dose with 2.12 kg / m2 in range A, Vermiabono * Average dose with 1.4307 kg / m2 in range B, the rest of the treatments are located in lower ranks. In the variable Number of Plants harvested per plot, among Fertilizers it is ranked in second place, the Witness, all other treatments rank first with an average between 19.33 and 22.67 floors. As for Dose, all three behave in a similar way. A high percentage of the Ambato population does not know about or have consumed Kai-lan, but they would very much like to. There is a very good marketing outlook for restaurants in Chinese / Asian Food. It is recommended to fertilize kai-lan with medium and high doses of vermiabono, carry out a study detailed information on the phenological development of brassica and the technical details of the entire cultivation, as well as spreading the cultivation and uses of this vegetable.Item Rendimiento de semilla pre básica de papa (Solanum tuberosum) variedad chaucha roja, proveniente del sistema de producción aeropónico(2019-11) Romero Larrea, Carlos Aníbal; Gutiérrez Albán, AlbertoConsidering the importance of fertilizers in the cultivation of potatoes in the field, this research work aims to evaluate the performance of pre-basic seed potato red “chaucha” variety from the aeroponic production system, with the application of three edaphic fertilizers, to reason of different doses. The study was carried out in the Querochaca experimental teaching farm owned by the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, located in Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, Ecuador; at an altitude of 2865 masl, geographic coordinates 01 ° 22 '02' 'of South Latitude and 78 ° 36' 20 'of West Longitude. In the research, a randomized block design with six treatments (Different proportions of edaphic fertilizers) and triplicate was used. The size of the plot of each replica and of each treatment was 21.6 m2 (5.4 m x 4 m), with five rows of seeding separated by 0.9 m of each furrow. Seed 25 seeds of potatoes in each plot of each replica, placed at 0.5 m of each seed and distributed 5 seeds for each furrow. During the processing of the data the statistical program, STATGRAPHICS Centurion XVI.I was used in the Analysis of Variance and in the Tests of Comparison of Means by Tukey (5%). The result of the investigation determined the best treatment for T4, which used the following fertilizers: 350 kg of sowing Plus at sowing, 175 kg of Engrose Plus 45 days after sowing and 175 kg of Ferti special Plus at 70 days of the sowing; producing a yield of 9.68 ± 0.47 tons of potato / ha at 137 days of cultivation. The Internal Control Index in the tubers obtained gives us values similar to those of a registered potato seed, that is, the T4 Treatment tubers are of good quality to be used as seed for cultivation. In conclusion, the performance in the cultivation of red “chaucha” potato is low in comparison with other potato varieties, but this low value is compensated by the good acceptance of the potato in the markets and the higher price in relation to the improved potatoes.Item Parámetros físicos y químicos para la determinación de la calidad de los suelos en la microcuenca Jun-Jun(2019) Altamirano Guerra, Elizabeth Carolina; Velástegui Espín, GiovannyThe present research work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the physical and chemical parameters to determine the quality of the soils in the Jun-Jun Microbasin through a Laboratory Analysis carried out in the FCAGR, the most representative measured parameters were the P , K, Zn, Mn, Mg and Ca and percentages of sand, silt, clay and MO, in different zones and altitudes (Z1:> 2800 msnm, Z2: 2800-2900 msnm, Z3:> 2900 msnm); and zones with vegetal cover and without cover. Samples were taken in the Microbasin located in the cantons of Mocha, Quero and Cevallos and three its evaluation a randomized block design (DBCA) with three replications was used, the analysis of variance (ADEVA) was developed, according to the experimental design and the Duncan significance tests were cporcentajearried out at percentage, in order to differentiate between treatments. The results obtained were that the soils with vegetal cover presented a high quantity of physical parameters as in the Z3C1 (> 2900 msnm, grass cover of grass) as the silt with apercentage of 59,33 and the M.O. with a value of 3.72 percent and in the chemicals in the same zone the P with 15.33 ppm and the K with 0.67 meq / 100g and soils without vegetation cover in the Z2C2 (2800 - 2900 msnm., without cover vegetable) such as P with a value of 7.00ppm and K with a value of 0.20 meq / 100g, confirming that soils that have a vegetation cover have a higher quality than those that do not. causing a high erosion in the soils and a low quality of their crops due to anthropogenic activities caused by the same man, on the other hand in the soils with vegetal cover there was an optimum pH with a range of 5 to 7,4. there is an availability of nutrients and a high amount of organic matter helping to improve itItem Eficacia antimicrobiana de aceites esenciales de tomillo (T. vulgaris), CANELA (C. verum), romero (R. officinalis), laurel (L. nobilis) sobre cepas de Pasteurella multocida Y Bordetella bronchiseptica(2019-08) Robalino Chariguaman, Alex Javier; Calero Cáceres, WilliamThe aim of this study was the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Thyme (T. vulgaris), Cinnamon (C. verum), Rosemary (R. officinalis), Laurel (L. nobilis) essential oils on certified strains of Pasteurella multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * and Bordetella bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were estimated by microdilution method; and the plate plating (Mueller Hinton agar) was applied for the estimation of the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs). The MICs of the evaluated essential oils, at the experimental conditions were: P. multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * (L. nobilis 0.8%, C. verum 3.8%, T. vulgaris 2.4% and R. officinalis 10.5%); for B. bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *. (L. nobilis 1.8%, C. verum 6.7%, T. vulgaris 10.1% and R. officinalis 3.5%). The MBCs of the evaluated essential oils were: L. nobilis 2.1%, C. verum 7%, T. vulgaris 10.3% and R. officinalis 7% for B. bronchiseptica ATCC® 4617 TM *; for P. multocida ATCC® 12945 TM * were L. nobilis 1%, C. verum 4.3%, T. vulgaris 2.7% and R. officinalis 11.1%. The inhibition percentages of the evaluated essential oils (compared to gentamicin 160 mg / mL) was found between 33.78% - 40.84% in the case of P. multocida and between 5.98%- 22.35% for B. bronchiseptica.Item Evaluación agronómica de tres variedades de Fréjol arbustivo (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) bajo las condiciones climáticas de la comunidad de Rumichaca del cantón Pelileo(2019-08) Curay Palate, Jessica Daniela; Dobronski Arcos, JorgeThe research work was carried out to evaluate the agronomic behavior of three varieties of beans. Which was carried out on the property of Mr. José Curay, located in the Rumichaca community, El Rosario parish, Pelileo canton, Tungurahua province located 6 km from Pelileo canton, with an altitude of 2700 meters above sea level, whose geographic coordinates are: 01º 27 ́28 ́ ́ South latitude and 78º 62 ́37 ́ ́ West longitude. For the evaluation, a completely randomized blocks design (DBCA) with six repetitions was applied, the analysis of variance (ADEVA) was carried out and the Tukey significance tests were carried out at 5%, where the following results were obtained: for the variable days to the germination Canary obtained an average of 10.33 days, Butter an average 10.67 days and Calima with an average of 11.33 days. In the variable germination percentage the averages were for Canary 93.94%, Calima 87.22% and Butter with 80.56%. These data were taken 20 days after sowing. For the number of days to flowering Butter turned out to be the earliest with an average of 45.83 days, Calima obtained an average of 55.33 days and Canary with an average of 84 days. In the variable days to the harvest in tender Butter obtained an average of 120.5 days, Calima with an average of 134.67 days and Canary with an average of 157.17; Likewise, on the days when the dry harvest was obtained, different averages were obtained for Butter with 138.33 days, Calima with 154.50 days and finally Canary with 179 days. The cultivars were located in the following manner: Butter as precocious, Calima as intermediate and Canary as late. For the dry yield variable, Canario obtained the highest average with 2673.25 kg / ha, butter with an average of 2234.37 kg / ha and finally the Calima with an average of 1753.47 kg / ha. The three varieties adapted perfectly to the test site, Calima and Butter obtained a lower yield in relation to the Canary which surpassed the other varietiesItem Evaluación de hojas de tres especies de Musas spp. con adición de Saccharomyces cerevisiae y enzimas fibrolíticas exógenas sobre la función ruminal in vitro.(2019) Morales Camacho, Héctor Daniel; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the addition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and exogenous fibrolytic enzymes in forages of Musa spp. on in vitro rumen function. The work was carried out in the experimental farm Querochaca of the UTA. The research was conducted under a completely randomized design with a 3 x 4 factorial arrangement. The data was analyzed according to the model used. The evaluated forages were added additives: S. cerevisiae and fibrolytic enzymes. To conform the following treatments: TO: M. acuminata without additives, TOE: M. acuminata with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg), TOS: M. acuminata with S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg), TOES: M. acuminata with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg) and S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg). TP: M. balbisiana without additives, TPE: M. balbisiana with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg), TPS: M. balbisiana with S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg), TPES: M. balbisiana with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg) and S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg) and TG: M. paradisiaca without additives, TGE: M. paradisiaca with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg), TGS: M. paradisiaca with S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg), TGES: M. paradisiaca with enzymes (0.002 mg/kg) and S. cerevisiae (0.002 mg/kg). The production of total gas, CH4 and CO2, pH and digestibility and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were determined. The total gas production was lower in the treatment TPE (265.5 mLgas/0.5g Fermented DM) compared to other treatments (P<.0001). The lowest (P=0.0001) CH4 production was observed in the treatment TO (36.3 mLCH4/0.5g Fermented DM), with respect to CO2 production was lower in the treatment TOS (71.3 mLCO2/0.5g Fermented DM). The pH showed significant differences (P<.0001) between treatments. The rumen digestibility of DM and OM was higher (P=0.0001) in the treatment TPS (45.6 and 45.1% respectively). The proportion (mol/100mol) of volatile fatty acids, no showed significant differences between treatments evaluated (P>0.05). It can be concluded that the incorporation of additives such as enzymes and S. cerevisiae in fibrous forages of Musa spp can benefit the rumen functions, increasing digestion and mitigating the production of greenhouse gases in ruminants.Item Evaluación de aplicación foliar de calcio en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria Sp.)(2019-06) Vaca Mayorga, Christian Ruperto; Zurita Vasquez, José HernánThe research was carried out at the Experimental Querochada Experimental Farm, of the Faculty of Agronomic Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, located in the canton of Cevallos, Tungurahua province, at a distance of 20 km south of Ambato, at an altitude of 2850 masl, with the purpose of: evaluating three doses of calcium obtained from chicken eggshells (Gallus gallus) (10%, 20% and 30%), applying in three hours during the day (8AM, 12PM and 16 PM), in the strawberry crop (Fragaria sp). The completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was used, and the variance analysis (ADEVA) was performed. Tukey tests at 5% and tests of minimum significant difference to differentiate between the factors under study. The treatments that received application of Ca from egg shells, in the concentration of 20% applied 8AM, yielded the best results 56.67% of Ca in the leaves at 48 hours, 50.33% at 96 hours and 62.33% at 144 hours. Also 36.33% of Ca in the petiole at 48 hours, 35.49% of Ca at 96 hours and 34.97% of Ca at 144 hours. Likewise, these treatments reported with an average of 1.41 Kg / cm2 the greater firmness of the leaf, later fruits with greater firmness 2.37Kg / cm² Due to the results obtained, the use of nutritious calcium solutions obtained from chicken eggshells offers an encouraging possibility to be a new nutritional control tool for strawberry plants (Fragaria sp).Item Evaluación de un residuo líquido orgánico obtenido de un biodigestor en el rendimiento del cultivo de cebolla de rama (Allium fistulosum Linnaeus).(2019-06) Freire Freire, Klever Edisson; Muñoz, ManoloThe research work entitled "Evaluation of an organic liquid residue obtained from a biodigester in the performance of the branch onion crop (Allium fistulosum Linnaeus)" was carried out in order to identify the effects of liquid waste from guinea pigs obtained by a biodigester in Onion cultivation in the parameters of production, this research was carried out on the property of Mr. Bolívar Freire Paredes, from the sector of Surangay, corresponding to the Huambaló parish, Tungurahua Province, at an altitude of 2 968 meters above sea level The randomized block design was applied, in factorial arrangement 3 * 3 + 1 with 3 repetitions, in addition Tukey significance tests were performed at 5% for the treatments that were significant, the following results were obtained: plant height variable the treatment D3F2 (13.16 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 10 days per plant) with an average of 33.77 cm presented the best average and the treatment Witness with an average of 29.67 cm was the lowest, the variable number of tillers per plant the treatment D3F1 (17.18 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) presented an average of 2.70, the control was the lowest average presented with 1.50 tillers plant. For the pseudostem diameter variable, the D2F2 treatment (10.5 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 10 days per plant) obtained an average of 23.90 mm and the D3F1 treatment (7.18 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) had the lowest average with 18.93 mm. The root volume variable presented a statistically significant difference. The treatment with the best average was D2F3 (15.75 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 15 days per plant) with an average of 44.80 ml and the one with the lowest average was the control with 18.00 ml. The performance variable presented the treatment D2F1 (5.75 ml of organic liquid waste / 250 ml of water every 5 days per plant) as the best average with 1258,2 Kg/Ha and the lowest was the control with an average of 704,7 Kg/Ha.Item Caracterización morfológica de maíz blanco harinoso (Zea mays L.) material nativo “Chazo” de la provincia de Chimborazo(2019-06) Obando Arequipa, Erika Salome; Dobronski Arcos, JorgeThis research work was carried out on the property of Mr. César Obando Arequipa of the Zumbalica sector, corresponding to the San Felipe parish, located in the canton Latacunga, province of Cotopaxi, with the objective of giving the morphological characterization of a native material of corn floury white called “Chazo”, with the possibility of being used in processes of genetic improvement in future projects, which value and potentiate its use. This investigation is descriptive therefore does not have a hypothesis, experimental design and treatments. The data were taken according to the descriptors of CIMMYT (International Center for Genetic Improvement of Maize and Wheat) and IBPGR (International Board for Plant Genetic Resources) (1991). Data of the most outstanding characteristics and of economic importance were recorded, such as ear length (13.2 cm), ear diameter (6 cm), ear weight (165.57 g), grain length (12, 1 cm) and grain width (10.8 cm). Another very important fact that was taken into account is the days of male and female flowering, a general average of male flowering is 139.25 days and female flowering 152.5 days. According to Pardey et al. (2016) the difference between male and female flowering should be from 8 to 15 days for a good pollination and grain formation, in this research the difference of male and female flowering days is 13.25 that is to say that white corn floury (Zea mays L.) native material “Chazo”, has a high precocity and is apt to be used in processes of genetic improvement or plant breeding, since it meets all the corresponding morphological characteristics.Item Aplicación de extractos vegetales en la propagación asexual de estacas de valeriana (Valeriana sp)(2019-01-05) Córdova Ruiz, Rosa Elizabeth; Dobronski Arcos, JorgeThe research was carried out in Querochaca Experimental Farm, Agricultural ciences Faculty, Ambato Technical University, located in Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, with the purpose: two types stakes evaluating (without leaves T1 and with leaves T2), 1three plant extracts (2Aloe vera aloe E1, Lens culinaris lentil E2 and Salix alba willow E3) and two controls (Hormonagro phytohormone), in valerian (Valeriana sp) propagation, under plastic cover. The treatments were eight. The experimental design of completely randomized blocks (ANOVA) was used, in a factorial arrangement 2 x 3 + 2, with three repetitions. The variance analysis, tests of Minimum Significant Difference 5% and Tukey tests 5% were performed. The economic analysis was carried using the cost benefit ratio (RBC) methodology. The stakes without leaves treatments (T1), reported higher volume of the root system (0,91 ml at 45 days and 1,19 ml at 60 days), as well as better length (4,94 cm at 45 days and 7,55 cm at 60 days) and weight of the root system (0,45 g at 60 days). The leaf area was higher (2,35 cm2 at 45 days and 3,16 cm2 at 60 days), reaching the best percentage of rooted cuttings (93,06%). The aloe extract application (E1), produced highest volume of roots (0,97 ml at 45 days and 1,26 ml at 60 days), as best growth in root length (5,07 cm at the 45 days and 7,28 cm at 60 days) and greater weight (0,33 g at 45 days and 0,47 g at 60 days). The leaf area was better (2,40 cm2 at 45 days and 3,14 cm2 at 60 days), as well as the percentage of rooted cuttings (92,36%). From economic analysis was concluded that, among the treatments with the application of vegetable extracts, the extract of aloe in leafless cuttings (T1E1), presented the highest benefit-cost ratio of 0,22.