Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Aplicación del método de vernalización en semillas de maíz suave (Zea mays) en la parroquia de Huambaló(2025-02) Ruiz Paredes Daniela Nagely; Zurita Vásquez José HernánResearch concerning the application of the vernalization method in corn is scarce, the present document specifies the application of this method as a guide yielding interesting data that could change the production matrix of this species when applied in a simple way. The experiment was developed in the Huambaló parish with the objective of evaluating the effects of this method on the germination, flowering and development of the corn crop in a region with specific climatic characteristics. Using a completely randomized block design with 2 x 2 + 1 factorial arrangement, treatments were carried out with combined temperatures of 3°C and 7°C with exposure times of 120 and 240 hours and compared with a control without vernalization. The results showed that the treatment at 7°C for 240 hours (D2T2) was the most effective, reducing the days to germination, flowering, improving plant uniformity and vigor, with an average germination rate of 91.67%, higher than 79.17% of the control, an average height of 35.25 cm after 25 days and a flowering time of 84 days for male flowering and 90 days for female flowering, respectively. These results demonstrate that vernalization optimizes the maize production cycle and represents a viable technique to improve agricultural yields in the Huambaló parish, where the standard implementation of the D2T2 treatment (7°C - 240hours) is recommended. It is also important to ensure the quality of the seeds and their proper handling before treatment, as well as to promote technical training of farmers to maximize the benefits of this practice and strengthen local agricultural productivity. This study not only contributes to the technical knowledge of maize cultivation but also provides practical tools to address agricultural challenges in the parish.Item Evaluación bromatológica de Forraje Verde Hidropónico en dos variedades de Maíz (Zea mays), y Vicia (Vicia sativa)(2024-08) Camino Grijalva, César Alexander; León Gordon, Olguer AlfredoHydroponic green fodder (HGF) emerges as a sustainable alternative for the production of feed for cattle in arid and semi-arid areas. The demand for agricultural products has driven the introduction of agriculture and livestock in these fragile areas, which can cause environmental degradation. HGF is grown in an environment free of chemicals and growth promoters, using viable seeds and a soil-less method. Corn and vetch are two of the best crops for HGF. Hydroponic systems adapt to the local climate, allowing the cultivation of specific species and ensuring a constant supply of nutrient-rich feed for livestock. The objective of this research was to bromatologically evaluate hydroponic green fodder of corn and vetch. The performance of hydroponic production of the fodders was determined. The test was carried out in the Bellavista neighborhood, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. Therefore, the global positioning system (GPS) is located at an altitude of 2650 meters above sea level and in geographic coordinates: Latitude 1 ° 14′56 "South and longitude 78 ° 37′00" West. A design (BCA) with a 2x2 factorial arrangement with 3 repetitions was applied and the Tukey test was performed at 5%. The results obtained from the bromatological evaluation show that the common vetch variety species with the FVHB1 treatment reported a higher percentage of crude protein, dry matter and ash. On the other hand, with a higher percentage of ether extract, the yellow corn variety species with the FVHA1 treatment, likewise the FVHB2 treatment reported a higher percentage of crude fiber. The performance of hydroponic forage production. Common vetch (FVHB1) has a higher yield in the variable plant height with 29.33 cm as well as the variable root length with the FVHA2 treatment of 7.00 cm while, the highest yield in the variable final weight of the forage was the FVHA2 treatment with 3.60 kg which makes it a more attractive option for large-scale hydroponic production. KeywordsItem Evaluación de cuatro tipos de abonos orgánicos en el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) variedad tusilla(2023-09) Mendieta Andy, Verónica Jackeline; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioOne of the most important crops in the Amazon is corn, in this case the Tusilla variety was used because it is the one that most farmers work with in the Nueva Aurora location of the Shushufindi canton. The research work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating four organic fertilizers on corn yield using four replications, four treatments plus a control, the statistical method was a completely randomized experimental design. With the results it was obtained that the application of organic fertilizers in the corn crop (Zea mays) tusilla variety improves the yield level having in T1 a yield of 6411.25 kg/ha in relation to the yield of the control treatment which was 5170.25 kg/ha, that is, there is a significant difference statistically speaking with a coefficient of variation of 8, 14%, in the variable days to flowering the coefficient of variation was 1.6% being at 50 days after planting, 4.75% the coefficient of variation in the variable number of ear per plant, 3.14% and 5.15% respectively for ear size and number of grains per ear. While the variables height, number of cob, size of the cob, number of grains did not show significant differences, there was a significant difference in the yield variable, which was the main objective to know if the organic fertilizers affect the development and growth of corn. The cost-benefit relationship is related to the benefits that associations make by working with this variety of corn in the Shushufindi canton.Item Aplicación de aceite vegetal en el control de los gusanos de la mazorca en cultivo de maíz (Zea mays)(2023-03) Sánchez Guasti, Juan Carlos; Valle Velástegui, Edgar LucianoCorn (Zea mays) is a crop of fundamental importance in the country for the feeding of its population thanks to its high content of nutritional properties and its great adaptability to the different regions of Ecuador, so in order to maintain its productivity, several researches must be carried out to discover new strategies that allow us to improve its quality and yield. In the last 20 years this crop has maintained its production. However, at present the corn crop has been greatly affected by earworms Helicoverpa zea and Euxesta eluta on a large scale, causing significant production and economic losses to farmers. Therefore, in the present research, a natural method of application with vegetable oil will be used to control these worms. For this purpose, two forms of application were used, one with a dropper and the other using cotton swabs. Three times of application of vegetable oil were also used, at the beginning, 8 and 16 days after female flowering, and in the control, chemical control was carried out using an insecticide (Bacan), different variables were analyzed (total number of ears, total weight of ears, number of healthy ears, weight of healthy ears, number of damaged ears, weight of damaged ears, percentage of ear damage and yield). No significant differences between treatments were observed in the number and total weight of ears. Regarding the number of healthy ears, a significant effect was observed in the sources of variation treatments, times and the interaction forms*times, giving better results with treatment F1A3 (application of vegetable oil with a dropper at the beginning, 8 and 16 days after female flowering). For the weight of healthy ears, there were significant differences in the application times, with the application at the beginning, 8 and 16 days after female flowering (A3) being the most appropriate. Significant differences in the number of damaged ears were observed with treatment F1A3. As for the weight of damaged ears, there were significant differences in the application times (A3). In the percentage of ear damage, 15% damage was observed with treatment F1A3, which reported the lowest percentage of damage of all treatments, including the control. In terms of yield, there were no significant differences between treatments, but there were numerical differences, resulting in 5433 kg/ha with treatment F1A3.Item Determinación del ciclo de cultivo del maíz (Zea mays) VAR. blanco harinoso tipo chazo(2022-03) Ron Peñafiel, Irina Xiomara; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalThe present research work was carried out with the purpose of determining the crop cycle of corn (Zea mays) var. white floury type chazo, the research was conducted in the province of Tungurahua canton Ambato in the parish Huachi la Magdalena neighborhood orchids; at an altitude of 2 841 meters above sea level in a sandy loam soil at the following coordinates: latitude 01°17'23.4" South and longitude 78°38'18.6" West. The research is experimental, bibliographic and descriptive in nature and therefore does not contain a hypothesis, experimental design or treatments. The data were taken quantitatively and qualitatively, counting the days of duration of each phenological stage according to the parameters established in appendices by FAO. This study provides information to help optimize the technical management of the corn crop, providing information on the duration of each phenological stage, crop coefficient and root depth in order to establish crop evapotranspiration, irrigation sheets, frequency and irrigation calendar. As a result, it was obtained that the corn crop cycle is 220 days, concluding that the duration of the first stage or initial stage was (18 days), the second stage or development stage (90 days), the third stage or intermediate stage (44 days) and the fourth stage or final stage maturation and harvest (68 days). The crop coefficient (Kc) was obtained from the different phenological stages of the crop: Kc of the initial stage 0.58, Kc of the development stage between 0.58 and 1.05, Kc of the intermediate stage 1.05, Kc of the final stage or maturation and harvest stage 0.55. As for the root depth of each phenological stage, in the initial stage a length of 25.73 cm was obtained, in the development stage 60.43 cm, in the intermediate stage 67.16 cm and in the final stage 83.8 cmItem Predicción de los efectos del cambio climático sobre el daño potencial de una especie de cogollero en el cultivo de maíz (Zea mays) en la provincia de Tungurahua(2020-09) Carranza Arévalo, Galo Eduardo; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisThe fall army worm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest species native to America and is distributed throughout the continent. Because of climate change, this species has recently become an invasive pest in Africa and Asia, posing a serious threat to corn cultivation. In the present study, an attempt to design a predictive model on the impact of climate change on the level of damage and incidence of the fall armyworm was made in the Ecuadorian Andean region. The model was based on establishing multiple and simple correlations between climatic factors (temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity) and the incidence and severity of the pest, using R language. According to the regression analysis, no significant correlation was detected. between climatic variables and damage and incidence of S. frugiperda. However, the severity level showed a quadratic trend with the climatic variables, being more pronounced with relative humidity and temperature, while the effect of precipitation was milder, the incidence showed a quadratic relationship with relative humidity with increases between humidity levels between 78 and 84%, but in relation to temperature, the incidence showed a tendency to decrease with decreasing temperature. While with precipitation, a very slight trend was observed to increase with precipitation levels around 200 mm / month. Based on the results obtained, it is suggested to evaluate predictive models that consider evaluations of climatic variables (minimum and maximum temperatures, precipitation) differentiating at various times of the day (morning, afternoon, night), in order to be able to carry out more adjusted models and also repeat this analysis considering data from the Amazonia and Costa region in order to verify the fit of the models proposed in this investigation