Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación del efecto de fertilización con dos fuentes de calcio en el rendimiento de la papa (Solanum tuberosum)(2023-12) Valenzuela Coba, Katherine Gabriela; Santana Mayorga, Rita CumandáThe potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth largest food crop worldwide and in Ecuador it is considered one of the main foods for families in the Ecuadorian Sierra area. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with two sources of calcium on the yield of the Super Chola variety potato. In the experiment, two sources of calcium (Calcium Nitrate and Calcium Sulfate) and their effect on plant height, fresh and dry weight of tubers, yield and calcium content in the peel of potato tubers were evaluated. Plant height was measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, while the rest of the variables were evaluated at the time of harvest. At 30 and 90 days after, the highest height was reached by potato plants fertilized with calcium nitrate, followed by plants treated with calcium sulfate. Regarding the weight of the tubers, no significant differences were observed due to the effect of the calcium source applied, but the plants treated with calcium nitrate produced tubers with a higher fresh weight (86.7 g), followed by those obtained from plants treated with sulfate. of calcium (77.8 g). Although the yield of the Super Chola variety potato plants was not significantly affected by the calcium source used, both sources caused greater yield when compared to the control treatment plants. The calcium content in the peel of potato tubers varied with the treatment, being higher in tubers obtained from plants treated with calcium nitrate and sulfate, reaching values of 0.201 and 0.197%, respectively. The yield and calcium content were improved by the use of calcium as sources of additional fertilization to NPK-based fertilizers, which is why its inclusion in fertilization programs is recommended.Item Evaluación de dos productos a base de calcio boro en un cultivo establecido de mora colombiana (Rubus glaucus) en el cantón Mocha(2023-09) Tenesaca Shigla, Alex Ismael; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisIn Ecuador, blackberry 1s an agricultural product highly demanded due to its organoleptic properties, since it allows the processing of foods while maintaining 1ts nutritional value and sensory characteristics. However, there 18 still little information on fertilization practices to promote increased productivity. The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of two products based on Calcium Boron in an established crop of Colombian blackberry (Rubus glaucus). The effect of three doses (1.0, 1.5 and 2 g/L) of two calcium-boron sources (Tarafol Beca and Multifrutos) on fruit quality and yield of Andean blackberry plants was evaluated. The highest number of set flowers was obtained with Tarafol Beca with average values of 775.83 and 764.80 flowers/plant when applied at doses of 1.5 and 2.0 g/L. In addition, both the fruit weight and the blackberry yield were affected by the type and dose of the product. The maximum values were reached when the plants were treated with Tarafol Beca at a dose of 2.0 and 1.5 g/L (6.33 and 5.31 tn/ha) and with Multifrutos at a dose of 2.0 g/L (5.35 tn/ha). Finally, no differences were observed in the quality of the blackberry fruit due to the application of Tarafol beca and Multifruto in their different doses in relation to firmness, Brix degrees and polar diameter of the fruit, but in the equatorial diameter. The beneficial effect of calcium boron sources 1n increasing the productivity of this crop was demonstrated.Item Efecto de la aplicación de calcio en la producción en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa)(2023-09) Núñez Chango, Sebastián Francisco; Valle Velastegui, Edgar LucianoCalcium deficiency in lettuce production is a metabolic failure that is not related to any pathogenic organism such as pests, fungi or bacteria. In the present work, the use of calcium-based fertilizers was evaluated in order to know with which product and dosage the lettuce crop will obtain better quality. Two products were evaluated: Cálix (P1) and Profol (P2); each with four different doses. The treatments were as follows: P1D1 (Cálix dose 0.5ml/L), P1D2 (Cálix dose 1.0 ml/L), P1D3 (Cálix dose 1.5ml/L), P1D0 (no application), P2D1 (Profol dose 1.0 ml/L), P2D2 (Cálix dose 1.5 ml/L), P2D3 (Cálix dose 2.0 ml/L), and P2D0 (no application). The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks with three replications, and the variables evaluated were plant height, cabbage weight, cabbage hardness and yield, with data taken at harvest time. In all the variables evaluated, the treatment that stood out was P1D3, with the following averages for the corresponding variables: plant height 22.54 cm; cabbage weight 2.46 kg; hardness 22.37 psi; and yield of 20497.23 kg/ha respectively. Through the research work, it was possible to determine whether there is an interaction between calcium-based fertilizers and the doses applied to the lettuce cropItem Análisis de extracto de savia para determinar el estado nutricional del cultivo de rosa(2023-02) Miranda Guevara, Carla Jasmin; Lindao Córdova, Víctor AlbertoThe present research work seeks to determine the nutritional levels of the rose bush by means of rapid measurement equipment in situ, in order to recommend and evaluate the efficiency of fertigation. For the measurements of the nutrient content in the sap, vegetative stems were used in the rice state, monitoring the collection temperature of the samples at 15 °C, 10 stems were cut for each repetition, defoliating and measuring 10 cm of the stem, they were crushed. the pieces of stems and the sap was extracted by means of a syringe, these samples were placed in the Horiba sensors for analysis. The nutrient solutions of the soil were extracted from the suction lysimeter or sucker, by means of an emptying of the sucker and they were placed in the horiba sensors for their respective analysis. It was found that the higher the temperature and radiation, the higher the absorption of the elements at the sap level, likewise, the lower these parameters are, the lower the absorption at the sap level. In the case of the sucker analysis, the higher the temperature, the nutrient content in the solution will be higher, because evapotranspiration allows a greater flow of masses and movement of the elements contained in the soil, otherwise it occurs when the temperature and radiation are less. Therefore, it is determined that the use of the Horiba meters allows a quick and efficient assessment of the absorption of nutrients in the cultivation of the rose.Item Influencia del Metalosato de calcio sobre las características agronómicas y el rendimiento del brócoli (Brassica oleracea L.) Var. Avenger(2022-10) Muñoz Pazos, José Luis; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoBroccoli cultivation is produced under intensive management systems in Ecuador and has been one of the agricultural products dedicated to export for about 30 years. The objective of this work was to determine the influence of calcium metalosate on the agronomic characteristics and the commercial yield of broccoli in the Poaló, canton Latacunga, province of Cotopaxi. The research was carried out in the open field with a quantitative approach of the experimental type. A randomized complete block design with a 3 x 3 + 1 factorial arrangement with 3 replications was used. Three doses of metalosate and three frequencies of application were analyzed. The following variables were evaluated: weight of the pellet, equatorial diameter of the pellet, calcium content (%), index of compaction of the pellet, diameter of the stem, formation of the dome, days to harvest, dry matter content of the leaves and calcium content in the leaves. According to the results obtained, there were no statistically significant differences on the weight of the pellet, the equatorial diameter of the pella of B. oleracea Var. Avenger (40 days after transplant). When calcium metalosate was used at 0.5 cc/L every 10 days, the greatest hardness or compaction of the pellet was achieved. With the exception of the doses of 0.5 cc/L every 10 and every 30 days, as well as the control, the rest of the treatment used increased the stem diameter values. Treatments T1, T3, T4, T6, T7, T8 and T9 had a better formation of the dome of B. oleracea Var. avenger. In the plants that were not applied calcium metalosate, the formation of the dome was compromised. In treatments T1, T2, T4, T5 and T9, the days to harvest were significantly reduced. At 79 days after transplantation, the highest dry matter content of the leaves was observed in the plants that did not receive calcium metalosate applications. However, the highest calcium content in the leaves was obtained when 1 ml.L-1 of calcium metallosate was applied every 15 days. With the foliar application of calcium metalosates, it was possible to improve the agronomic quality of broccoli, which is an aspect of great importance to reduce deformities, lack of weight and improve the compaction of B. oleracea Var. Avenger.Item Evaluación de aplicación foliar de calcio en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria Sp.)(2019-06) Vaca Mayorga, Christian Ruperto; Zurita Vasquez, José HernánThe research was carried out at the Experimental Querochada Experimental Farm, of the Faculty of Agronomic Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato, located in the canton of Cevallos, Tungurahua province, at a distance of 20 km south of Ambato, at an altitude of 2850 masl, with the purpose of: evaluating three doses of calcium obtained from chicken eggshells (Gallus gallus) (10%, 20% and 30%), applying in three hours during the day (8AM, 12PM and 16 PM), in the strawberry crop (Fragaria sp). The completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was used, and the variance analysis (ADEVA) was performed. Tukey tests at 5% and tests of minimum significant difference to differentiate between the factors under study. The treatments that received application of Ca from egg shells, in the concentration of 20% applied 8AM, yielded the best results 56.67% of Ca in the leaves at 48 hours, 50.33% at 96 hours and 62.33% at 144 hours. Also 36.33% of Ca in the petiole at 48 hours, 35.49% of Ca at 96 hours and 34.97% of Ca at 144 hours. Likewise, these treatments reported with an average of 1.41 Kg / cm2 the greater firmness of the leaf, later fruits with greater firmness 2.37Kg / cm² Due to the results obtained, the use of nutritious calcium solutions obtained from chicken eggshells offers an encouraging possibility to be a new nutritional control tool for strawberry plants (Fragaria sp).Item Aplicación foliar de tres dosis de Calcio y tres dosis de Boro en el cultivo de la fresa (Fragaria X ananassa. Duch) Cultivar Oso Grande, bajo cubierta.(2013-06-11) Acosta Maza, Alexandra Geovanna; Rodríguez A, Fidel; Fabara, JorgeLa investigación se efectuó en Granja Experimental Docente Querochaca , de la Universidad Técnica de de Ambato, Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, ubicada en el sector El Tambo del cantón Cevallos, provincia de Tungurahua, cuyas coordenadas son: 01º 22` 2” de latitud Sur y 78º 36 ` 21” de longitud Oeste, a una altura de 2 940 msnm, con el propósito de: evaluar la aplicación foliar de tres dosis de calcio y tres dosis de boro en el cultivo de fresa (Fragaria X Ananassa. Duch) cultivar Oso Grande y establecer el tratamiento que desde el punto de vista económico proporcione la mejor rentabilidad. Los indicadores evaluados fueron: número de flores por planta, número de frutos cuajados por planta, diámetro ecuatorial del fruto, diámetro polar del fruto, peso de fruto, rendimiento, categorización (número de frutos de primera, segunda y tercera categoría), firmeza, sólidos solubles. Las variables fueron evaluadas a los 119, 126 y 133 días. Se aplicó el diseño de bloques completos al azar con arreglo factorial de 3x3+1 con tres repeticiones. Aplicándose para el análisis estadístico, análisis de varianza y la prueba de significación de Tukey al 5% para las fuentes que presenten significación estadística y para el análisis económico la relación beneficio costo (RBC). Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que para las variables: número de flores por planta, número de frutos cuajados, diámetro ecuatorial, diámetro polar, rendimiento, número de frutos de primera, de segunda y de tercera categoría, se acepta la hipótesis nula, esto quiere decir que las dosis aplicadas de Carboxy calcio de 0,5, 1,0 y 1,5 cc/l y de 2,0, 2,5 y 3,0 cc/l de Back boro, no influyeron significativamente en dichas variables. En lo referente a número de frutos deformes se pudo observar la influencia de aplicación de dosis altas de boro, esto es de 3 cc/l, potencializadas con Ca contribuyen a disminuir la aparición de frutos deformes, así con dosis alta de boro. Para la variable firmeza se observó que la aplicación de las dosis alta (1,5 cc/l) y media (1,0 cc/l) de calcio, contribuyen a mejorar la firmeza del fruto. Con dosis alta de Ca, se obtienen promedios de firmeza de 2,16, 2,29 y 2,24 lb de presión; con dosis media de Ca, los promedios son de 1,93, 2,05 y 1,96, frente a los promedios obtenidos con dosis baja de Ca que son de 1,88, 1,77 y 1,72. Las aplicaciones de boro por su parte, contribuyeron a incrementar los sólidos solubles expresados en grados Brix, como se demuestra al observar las pruebas de Tukey 5%. Las dosis alta (3,0 cc/l) y media (2,5 cc/l) se presentan en un mejor rango de significación frente a la dosis baja (2,0 cc/l). Así los promedios son de 12,54, 12,42 y 12,53 grados Brix para dosis alta; mientras que para la dosis media, dichos promedios son de 10,88, 10,98 y 11,31 grados Brix; finalmente para dosis baja, son de: 9,08, 9,30 y 8,99 grados Brix, respectivamente para los 119, 126 y 133 días. En cuanto al análisis económico, todos los tratamientos resultaron rentables obteniéndose RBC mayores a 4, pero las mejores se observan con aplicaciones de dosis alta de calcio y boro. Para mejorar la firmeza del fruto, contenido de sólidos solubles y disminuir el número de frutos deformes, se recomienda aplicar 1 a 1,5 cc/l de calcio y 2,5 a 3 cc/l de boro, dependiendo del análisis de suelo. Además probar dosis más altas de calcio y boro. En cuanto a los costos, el tratamiento que alcanza los costos más elevados fue Ca3B3 con 31 601,67 dólares y el más económico el testigo con 27 151,67 dólares por hectárea.