Ciencias Agropecuarias

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    Determinación de la eficiencia del riego casero por goteo en la producción de acelga (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) en agricultura urbana
    (2023-03) Mora Córdova, Christian Mauricio; Santana Mayorga, Rita Cumandá
    The present research work focused on the application of home drip irrigationtechniques through cord and pipe for the production of chard considered a vegetableof great importance. The irrigation methods are based on the application of water to the plant, for whichthere are different ways, in this investigation recycled plastic bottles were used, which served as containers for the plants. In this research, plastic bottles from recycling were used, which served as pots andalso as water containers for the project. The substrate that was used in the pots wasina proportion of 15% guinea pig manure, 15% cattle manure, 10%rice husks and60%soil from the area. 0.5 liter bottles were used as water containers according toeachofthe treatments, in which one and two bottles were used respectively. Regarding fertilization, it was carried out in an edaphic way in a relationshipof 5grams per plant using 8-20-20 to improve the soil structure, organic matter of animal origin was incorporated into the substrate. In each of the water containers, a cord or wick was placed for the M1R1 andM1R2treatment and for the M2R1 and M2R2 treatment, a plastic tube was placedasacatheter, regulated by a clamp to produce the dripping effect. The daily consumption of water by the plant and evaporation was replaced everydaywith the purpose at the end of the test to determine the efficiency of the methodused, the same one that was better in the treatment M2R2 irrigation by plastic tube withabottle with a value of 22.8% efficiency.
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    Evaluación del comportamiento agronómico de cuatro líneas promisorias de cebada desnuda bajo las condiciones agroecológicas del sector Querochaca
    (2023-03) Chugcho Chugcho, Christian Daniel; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge Enrique
    The research proposes the evaluation of the agronomic behavior of four promising lines of naked barley under the agroecological conditions of the sector of Querochaca, a completely random block design was used with 5 treatments and 3 repeats, variables such as days of tasseling, height of the thatch plant type, spike size, number of grains per spike, yield, specific weight, weight of thousand grains, type and color of grain and diseases that occurred were evaluated, for each of these variables the Shapiro Wilks, Homogeneity, ADEVA, 5% Tukey or qualitative test was performed. Concluding that all the promising lines provided by the program of Cereals in research were adapted under the agro-ecological conditions of the sector Querochaca canton Cevallos, in the province of Tungurahua. Obtaining promising lines much more outstanding than others, where CD-19-010 was the line that best adaptability in field presented with 81.67 days to the stem, intermediate stem, yield of 7483.33 kg/ha, specific weight of 78.90 kg hl -1 a coarse, large grain, well-formed, clean white and good looking. As for diseases that occurred were; yellow rust (Puccinia striiformis) had a percentage of 15%, leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) a percentage of 1% and yellow dwarfism virus of barley (Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus). Restricted yellowing of the leaves was found making it the best promising line compared to the remaining three lines (CD-19-007, CD-19-006, CD-19-011) and the control variety INIAP-ATAHUALPA 92
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    Evaluación de tres fuentes nutricionales para la producción de molucella (Moluccella laevis L), en el sector Querochaca cantón Cevallos
    (2023-03) Chisag Tibanlombo, Nancy Rocío; Curay Quispe, Segundo Euclides
    The use of different nutritional sources in Ecuadorian agricultural productions. it has become indispensable for achieving high performance. However, this has caused the cost of production to rise and therefore profitability is low for farmers. In search of a new alternative in the present investigation, three nutritional sources were evaluated in the production of molucella, where sewage sludge, organic fertilizer (Cuy) and commercial organic fertilizer (Vigo) applied in two different ways were taken into account. dose. To determine the treatment that provides the best performance. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks with a 3x2 factorial arrangement with 3 repetitions. A nested hierarchical analysis was applied for the ANOVA, to determine the difference between the treatment means and the TUKEY significance test was applied at 5%. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that the treatment with the best results and yield was Vigo (T3) since, in the percentage of taking, plant height, inflorescence length, inflorescence diameter and the number of flowers per inflorescence shows more efficient results followed by treatment with sewage sludge (Tl). In the vase duration variable, the Tl shows greater efficiency followed by T3, with respect to the application doses, they were evaluated independently for each treatment and it is concluded that it does not show statistical significance, so it is recommended to use the Dl to save the cost. production cost, In the economic analysis it was observed that the Tl (sludge) with 1.15% profitability has a higher percentage of viability and provides an acceptable result in the production of molucella, taking into account that the T3 (Vigo) provides better results, but the percentage viability of 1.04. This shows that sewage sludge is an effective nutritional source for the production of molucella by showing results very similar to a source of commercial organic matter.
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    Evaluación de sustratos con la adición de ácidos húmicos para la producción de plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) var. pietro
    (2022-09) Yucailla Masabanda, Luis Alberto; Guerrero Cando, David Aníbal
    With the continuous use of commonly used substrates, the low germination rate of seeds and low-quality seedlings has become present, therefore, these seedlings will not be available for sale, affecting the producers of this sector. In this experiment, six treatments and two controls were evaluated, the treatments consisted of organic substrates (peat and coconut fiber) plus the incorporation of humic acid in three different doses (2%, 4% and 6%), proportions that adjust to 100% of the total volume of the substrate, the two controls were composed entirely of peat and coconut fiber, respectively. An experimental design of completely randomized blocks (DBCA) was used, with 6 treatments and 4 replicates plus 2 controls. An analysis of variance (ANAVAR) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were applied for the comparison between treatments, and comparison between peat substrate and coconut fiber substrate. The treatment prepared with 98% peat + 2% humic acid showed the best results in the variables analyzed. For plant height at 35 days reached 7.57 cm, the stem diameter was greater among all treatments, as in the one reported at 35 days (2.13 mm). Likewise, the root volume of the seedlings of this treatment obtained a more significant result (2.24 cc), also standing out in the development of leaf area (12.21 cm2). Similarly, the cost of production per treatment and per seedling was 0.12 US cents, a value shared by all treatments. This cost was directly influenced by the number of seedlings obtained, which in turn is related to the germination percentage of each treatment.
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    Evaluación de la aplicación de extracto de algas marinas (Ascophyllum nodosum) y ácidos húmicos en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Italica)
    (2022-09) Toapanta Chicaiza, Jhony Fernando; Valle Velastegui, Edgar Luciano
    The present research work was carried out on the property of Mrs. Gloria Chicaiza, located in the Quinta Niña María neighbourhood, belonging to the parish of La Matriz in the canton of Píllaro, province of Tungurahua. The objective of the research was to determine the type of organic fertilizer and the appropriate dose that would increase broccoli crop yields. The study factors used were: seaweed extract (F1) and humic acids (F2) at a concentration of D1 (1 g/L), D2 (1.5 g/L) and D3 (2 g/L), with a frequency of application of 15 and 30 days after transplanting for each treatment. The experimental design used was a split plot design, with the main plot being the organic fertilizers and the subplots the doses structured in randomized blocks with a total of 6 treatments with 3 replications. In addition, an analysis of variance (ADEVA) was used to determine differences between treatments, Tukey's test and the Kruskal Wallis test at 5% with which the means of the treatments were compared. Based on the statistical analyses carried out, it was determined that the treatment with the best results was the organic fertilizer based on humic acids F2 at a concentration of D3 of 2 g/L, which registered average values of 4.64 cm in stem diameter, 12.58 cm in the diameter of the pellet, 0.36 kg in the weight of the pellet and 13342, 66 Kg/ha of crop yield, however in the plant height variable there are no significant differences, so the highest results are shared by the F1D3 treatment (seaweed extract with a dose of 2 g/L) with an average of 82.79 cm and the F2D3 treatment (humic acids with a dose of 2 g/L) with an average value of 82.10 cm.
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    Evaluación de extractos vegetales para el enraizamiento de Arrayán (Luma apiculata) y Álamo (Populus alba) mediante propagación por estacas
    (2022-09) Tinta Quispilema, Karen Estefanía; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge Enrique
    The research was carried out in Querochaca Experimental Farm, Agricultural sciences Faculty, Ambato Technical University, located in Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, with the purpose: evaluate plant extracts for the rooting of myrtle (Luma apiculata) and poplar (Populus alba) in the propagation by cuttings because the vegetative propagation in species of native Myrtaceae and Salicaceae are scarce, mainly in the application of plant extracts of aloe, plantain, corn and lemon combined with coconut water as natural rooting under plastic cover. The treatments in the study were eight that resulted from thecombination of the factors under study, two species of cuttings and four plant extracts (aloe, plantain, corn and lemon combined with coconut water) plus a hormonal control for each species, where obtained that the rooting of cuttings in the myrtle species was 0%. A completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was used with a 2x4+2 factorial arrangement with three repetitions and Tukey's test was perform5%. Through the analysis of variance carried out in the poplar species, no statistically significant differences were recorded for the variables percentage of rooted cuttings, root length and height of the plant at 60 days, similar results were obtained for the variable number of shoots at 30, 45 and 60 days, that is, the evaluated plant extracts are statistically similar to the treatment where hormonagro was applied; on the other hand, the variables number of roots and root volume did show significant differences at 60 days, with the control poplar showing the highest average with 4.67 and 1.27 cm3, respectively. Similar results were obtained in the variable shoot length where three ranges of statistical differences were recorded, with the poplar control showing the longest shoot length with an average of 10.97 cm. The results indicate that the application of plant extracts as rooting agents is a natural alternative to the commercial hormone for propagation by cuttings in the poplar species.
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    Evaluación del yodo y ácido salicilico en la biofortificación en plantulas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum var. coach).
    (2022-09) Rosales Duran, Jhonny Sthiv; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
    The biofortification carried out on bell pepper plants in full development caused a series of positive factors in growth and metabolism. The objective of the study was to determine the feasibility of using iodine and salicylic acid by drench irrigation and to generate a biofortifying effect on the development of bell pepper (Capsicum annum var. coach) seedlings. The hypothesis was that at least one of the treatments of agricultural iodine and salicylic acid will have a biofortifying effect on bell pepper seedlings. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement with three replicates of ten plants per treatment (six treatments and one control). The dosages were D1 (0.5 cm3/L), D2 (1 cm3/L), D3 (1.5 cm3/L) and the products were P1 (agricultural iodine) and P2 (salicylic acid). Data were analyzed by Tukey test (p≤0.05) for comparison of averages. The applications made of both products were five, once every eight days for forty days. In the last sampling, five plants per treatment were collected and measurements of root volume, root length, plant height, number of leaves and stem thickness were taken. The data collected were entered into the Excel program and the means per variable were extracted. The results obtained showed significant and non-significant differences in each variable studied. Root volume did not show a statistical difference, but the P2D2 treatment (salicylic acid + 1 cm3/L) showed a greater acceptance by the seedlings, and also showed numerical differences compared to the rest of the treatments. In the variables stem length, number of leaves, plant height and stem thickness, the P2D3 treatment (salicylic acid + 1.5 cm3/L) predominated over the rest of the nutrition methods as the best dosage for biofortification in bell pepper seedlings, showing greater qualities in the plant morphology of the plants
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    Adaptación de diez genotipos de zanahoria (Daucus carota) para zonas de altura en Quero - Tungurahua
    (2022-09) Pallo Martínez, Klever Daniel; Guerrero Cando, David Aníbal
    The importance of carrot cultivation (Daucus carota) at the national level is part of the food group with the most benefits for human beings, it is consumed directly or made into drinks, the value of this root lies in its nutritional importance; the adaptability of more carrot genotypes emerges as an alternative for use, new market options, increasing income levels for the producer. The objective of this work was to evaluate the adaptability of ten carrot genotypes (Daucus carota) together with two controls, for high altitude areas in Quero-Tungurahua, estimating their adaptation and agronomic behavior, as well as determining the yield per treatment studied. The trial was carried out in the Jaloa El Rosario community of the Quero canton, province of Tungurahua. According to the Global Positioning System (GPS) it is located at an altitude of 3,320 meters above sea level with its geographic coordinates of 1°25'41" South latitude and 78°34'44" West latitude. A DBCA randomized block design was used, with ten treatments, two controls and three replications. The data obtained from the trial were analyzed using the Infostat statistical package, applying an ADEVA, a 5% Tukey test was used for significant values, the results obtained show that T4 (Chantenay EMC559), presented the best characteristics, agronomic and of yield, being an alternative for the locality, the opposite happened with the T10 that was not adapted to the conditions of the study locality, concluding that the Genotype T4 (Chantenay EMC559) is an alternative for the small and large producers of the highlands.of Quero.
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    Evaluación de sustratos orgánicos para la producción de plántulas de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Itálica)
    (2022-09) Guangatal Tipanguano, Cesar Elias; Pallo Paredes, Edwin Leonardo
    The research work was carried out under conditions of plastic cover, the purpose was to evaluate the effect of the litter substrate or soil of leaves with the mixtures of organic matter from different sources (humus and compost) for the growth of broccoli seedlings (Brassica oleracea italic variety). The methodology used was four treatments (peat, litter substrate, mixtures with humus and compost) in a complete random design (DCA), the variables evaluated were: percentage of germination, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves , length and root volume, costs per treatment, in the results obtained it was considered that: peat (commercial substrate) is inferior to the rest of the substrates used in the trial because it presents low results in plant height with 11.07 cm, length and volume radicular, number of leaves and stem diameter with 2.18 mm at 30 days after planting, except for germination, which presented an optimal germination of 99.38%; meanwhile, the organic substrates such as the litter substrate and its mixtures with humus and compost appeared the best results with 99.40% in germination, 11.60 cm in plant height, stem diameter with 3.26 mm . Taking into account the performance of the plants in the different agronomic variables evaluated and the financial analysis carried out, the substrates T1, T2 and T3 offer the best results for the production of broccoli seedlings at the greenhouse level. In the case of cost of production per seedling in the treatments there is an acceptable margin of profitability, especially in litter substrates with the addition of organic supplements, because they generate $1.64 while peat presents $1.59 considering that the broccoli seedling production activity it is economically viable
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    Evaluación de yodo agrícola como biofortificante en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth)
    (2022-09) Garcés Montero, Carmen Marisol; Zurita Vásquez, José Hernán
    Crop biofortification is an alternative to improve production and the food chain for humans because food is ingested and mineralized elements come from fruits, vegetables, as well as products from animals. In this way, by increasing the mineral value of iodine from a conventional crop, it is a significant option to solve the deficient intake of iodine that causes disorders such as TDI and thyroid disorders. The blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is a fruit consumed nationally and produced in the Sierra region, which is why in this investigation the application of 0.5 L in drench and foliar approximately with three different doses of agricultural iodine was evaluated. Three applications were made with intervals of 14 days and the results were obtained after 51 days. The average value of 4,372 inflorescences per plant was significant when applying a dose of 2 cm³/L of agricultural iodine in drench, likewise, in foliar application and drench with the same dose, the continuous weight increase of the fruits with values of 1199 and 1095 g respectively. The postharvest of the fruits was evaluated in days, the drench treatments at doses of 2 and 3 cm³/L obtained superior results with an average of 3.33 days. The Brix index was evaluated, but the results showed that agricultural iodine does not produce a change. On the other hand, the content of chlorophyll in the blackberry leaves was significantly positive with a difference of 1,676 µg/g when applying 2 cm³/L of agricultural iodine in drench between the treatment and the control. And finally, diseases such as Botrytis and Oidio sp. They commonly affect this crop by reducing its production. When applying agricultural iodine, the lowest percentage of infection was in Botrytis