Ciencias Agropecuarias

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    Interacción Suelo, Planta, Animal en el Contexto de Dos Sistemas Productivos Desarrollados en Ambientes Ecológicos Diferentes
    (2024-02) Salazar Través, Cristian Joel; Quinteros Pozo, Orlando Roberto
    In the search for more biologically and economically sustainable production systems, the understanding of soil-plant-animal interaction seems to be a relevant element when making decisions. That is why in this work it is proposed to know the relationship of land-plant-livestock, emphasizing the evaluation of some components in a systemic way, as well as the effect that grasslands have on the quality and productivity of the cow. The UPSE production system is located on the extension of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Peninsula de Santa Elena State University, located in the Manglaralto parish, based on free grazing with Llanero pastures, (Brachiaria dictyoneura). The UTA Production System is located in the Experimental Farm of the Technical University of Ambato, Querochaca Campus, located in the canton of Cevallos, based on rotational grazing with kikuyo (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures, the parameters of pH and content of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron, (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn) were sampled in a single soil sample, collected in the pasture area dedicated to cattle grazing of the two systems. the content of Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K) and Phosphorus (P), in a single plant sample, collected in the area the content of the minerals Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K) and Phosphorus (P), Urea, and Total Proteins (T.P.) in the blood serum of cattle from the two production systems under study was evaluated. This leads to the conclusion that both grass covers in the case of the two production systems can contribute to generating better responses from the animal components, closing the different cycles that allow grasses and legumes to interact in the soil environment with a direct effect on the grazing animal. This approach to understanding the soil-plantanimal interaction is important in order to contrast the best alternative from the productive point of view and at the same time that can be incorporated by producers into their local agronomic practices. Keywords: interaction, production system, free grazing, rotational grazing, ecological environments
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    Evaluación del bienestar animal en dos plantas de faenamiento municipal en la etapa de insensibilización y post mortem de bovinos sacrificados
    (2021-04) Aguagallo Cando, Jalmar Joan; Guevara Freire, Deysi Alexandra
    Research on animal welfare in slaughter processes has been increasing due to the interest given by the consumer during the purchase. Animal welfare is conceptualized as the comfortable environment in which an animal thrives. In the present study, the aim was to diagnose compliance with basic animal welfare standards during stunning. A sample of 400 cattle was required for each carcass in which indicators of sensitivity were measured during and after stunning. The results of the study were alarming when verifying the return of sensitivity by observation. The indicators studied were rhythmic respiration (Floor A 86.3% and 99.8% on floor B), corneal reflex (Floor A 86.3% and 98.8% on floor B), head and neck elevation (Plant A 76.3% and 98.3% in plant B), tail movement (Plant A 87.3% and 100% in plant B), regurgitation (Plant A 35.3% and 31.5% on floor B) and limb movement (Floor A and B 100%). Thus, the effect of the stun gun as a sacrifice method was also analyzed, precision (Plant A 50.8% and 28.5% in plant B), orientation (Plant A 11.75% and 4.25 % in plant B) and depth of the shot (Plant A 28.5% and 33.5% in plant B). It can be deduced that there is a breach of the animal welfare parameters according to Ley de mataderos, (1996), Temple Grandin, (1998) and the OIE, (2006), (2006), presuming that the possible causes are the inappropriate use of the stunning device, incorrect ergonomic design, limited personnel training, lack of maintenance of the gun, labor fatigue and incorrect design of the knockout box. The study recommends installing improvement actions in the short, medium and long term in order to mitigate the problem and favor animal welfare and the quality of the meat.