Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Biofortificación del cultivo de apio (Apium graveolens) mediante la utilización de Yodo agrícola(2022-11) Morales Garcés, Christian Eliseo; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe cultivation of celery (Apium graveolens), has its origin in the Mediterranean as well as in the Himalayas and the Caucasus, in ancient times it was known in Egypt and was not consumed until the Middle Ages, today it is one of the most consumed vegetables worldwide. The countries that grow this vegetable the most are Spain and the United States. The former exports its production to several European countries such as France, the United Kingdom, Switzerland and Germany with an exorbitant amount of 52,000 tons of celery per year. Biofortification is considered as the process by which a certain micro nutrient (iodine) is applied to increase its concentration within a plant species, the most used method for this process is foliar application. The use of agricultural iodine in plant species allows the prevention and elimination of phytosanitary problems that occur during cultivation due to its diverse properties in the control of bacteria, fungi and viruses, as well as helping the development of the plant. In this sense, the effect of iodine at different doses and number of applications during its cycle was evaluated in this research. Certain parameters such as plant height, number of leaves per plant, plant color, chlorophyll, plant weight and presence of diseases were evaluated. For plant height, treatment D3A1 (4cc x l and 4 applications) gave the best result with a height of 35.92 cm. For the number of leaves per plant, treatments D3A1 and D1A2 obtained statistical similarity with 23.13 and 22.47 leaves, respectively. Regarding the color of the plant, all treatments showed a similarity in terms of the green color code of the Munsell table (5GY 4/8). Regarding the amount of chlorophyll, the treatment that presented the highest amount was treatment D3A2 with 1.63ug/g. For the weight per plant, the treatment that showed a significant difference was treatment D3A1 with a weight of 164.07 gr. As for the presence of diseases, all treatments presented foliar diseases caused by (Septoria apiicola).Item Evaluación del yodo y ácido salicilico en la biofortificación en plantulas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum var. coach).(2022-09) Rosales Duran, Jhonny Sthiv; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe biofortification carried out on bell pepper plants in full development caused a series of positive factors in growth and metabolism. The objective of the study was to determine the feasibility of using iodine and salicylic acid by drench irrigation and to generate a biofortifying effect on the development of bell pepper (Capsicum annum var. coach) seedlings. The hypothesis was that at least one of the treatments of agricultural iodine and salicylic acid will have a biofortifying effect on bell pepper seedlings. The experimental design used was randomized blocks in a 3x2+1 factorial arrangement with three replicates of ten plants per treatment (six treatments and one control). The dosages were D1 (0.5 cm3/L), D2 (1 cm3/L), D3 (1.5 cm3/L) and the products were P1 (agricultural iodine) and P2 (salicylic acid). Data were analyzed by Tukey test (p≤0.05) for comparison of averages. The applications made of both products were five, once every eight days for forty days. In the last sampling, five plants per treatment were collected and measurements of root volume, root length, plant height, number of leaves and stem thickness were taken. The data collected were entered into the Excel program and the means per variable were extracted. The results obtained showed significant and non-significant differences in each variable studied. Root volume did not show a statistical difference, but the P2D2 treatment (salicylic acid + 1 cm3/L) showed a greater acceptance by the seedlings, and also showed numerical differences compared to the rest of the treatments. In the variables stem length, number of leaves, plant height and stem thickness, the P2D3 treatment (salicylic acid + 1.5 cm3/L) predominated over the rest of the nutrition methods as the best dosage for biofortification in bell pepper seedlings, showing greater qualities in the plant morphology of the plantsItem Evaluación de yodo agrícola como biofortificante en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth)(2022-09) Garcés Montero, Carmen Marisol; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánCrop biofortification is an alternative to improve production and the food chain for humans because food is ingested and mineralized elements come from fruits, vegetables, as well as products from animals. In this way, by increasing the mineral value of iodine from a conventional crop, it is a significant option to solve the deficient intake of iodine that causes disorders such as TDI and thyroid disorders. The blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is a fruit consumed nationally and produced in the Sierra region, which is why in this investigation the application of 0.5 L in drench and foliar approximately with three different doses of agricultural iodine was evaluated. Three applications were made with intervals of 14 days and the results were obtained after 51 days. The average value of 4,372 inflorescences per plant was significant when applying a dose of 2 cm³/L of agricultural iodine in drench, likewise, in foliar application and drench with the same dose, the continuous weight increase of the fruits with values of 1199 and 1095 g respectively. The postharvest of the fruits was evaluated in days, the drench treatments at doses of 2 and 3 cm³/L obtained superior results with an average of 3.33 days. The Brix index was evaluated, but the results showed that agricultural iodine does not produce a change. On the other hand, the content of chlorophyll in the blackberry leaves was significantly positive with a difference of 1,676 µg/g when applying 2 cm³/L of agricultural iodine in drench between the treatment and the control. And finally, diseases such as Botrytis and Oidio sp. They commonly affect this crop by reducing its production. When applying agricultural iodine, the lowest percentage of infection was in BotrytisItem La biofortificación agronómica para el mejoramiento de la calidad nutricional de tubérculos de cultivares de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en la parroquia Guanujo(2016) Saltos Espín, Rubén Darío; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriquePotato plays a key role in the global food chain. She is, outside cereals, the most important food in the world. The high consumption of potatoes in the Andean region among them Ecuador faces serious problems related to nutrition and food, which are more severe in children due to their low content of minerals such as iron and zinc, with complications. This research used a Plot Design Subdivided in Complete Blocks Random, two varieties of potato, chemical fertilization and organic fertilization with 3 replicates. Statistical differences were found for the application of chemical, organic fertilization and interaction on yield and zinc content in potato tubers. In the INIAP-Estela variety the T3 treatment had a zinc concentration of 18 ppm, while in the INIAP-Victoria variety the T7 treatment had a zinc concentration of 16.5 ppm. The application of organic matter to the soil presented greater efficiency in the absorption of zinc in tubers with an average of 8.75% as opposed to the mineral application. Keywords: Micronutrient deficiency, nutritional quality, potato varieties, zinc, organic matter, chemical fertilizer, edaphic, performance, nutrition.