Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de la productividad de dos orígenes de fresa variedad Albión (Fragaria ananassa) en la parroquia Montalvo(2022-03) Muyulema Chaglla, Maritza Jeannette; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThe strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) is a high production plant due to its precocity, its fruit is highly desired. In Ecuador, the strawberry is cultivated in areas that are between 1,300 and 2,600 meters above sea level with temperatures bordering 15 degrees. The largest production is concentrated in Pichincha with 400 hectares of cultivation. It is followed by Tungurahua with 240 hectares. In Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, Imbabura and Azuay, the production does not exceed 40 hectares. The purpose of this research work was to determine theproductivity of the Albión strawberry variety of Chilean and Californian origin in the Montalvo parish to identificate if a better production is obtained from one of the two origins. In the sector,two strawberry origins were planted, in which a trial with two treatments was implemented and each one with three repetitions for each variable, the results were based on the following descriptors: plant height (cm), number of leaves, number of flowers, size of strawberry fruits, weight of the fruit per plant (grams), Brix degrees, duration of the fruit in post-harvest, yield forthe evaluation of its productivity through the agroecological conditions of the place. The results were interpreted and analyzed using statistical tables generated in the INFOSTAT program. Finally, it was concluded that the origin with the best productivity was that of Chilean origin.Item Producción y calidad nutritiva de avena (Arrenatherium elatius) de corte e hidropónica bajo el efecto de dosis de siembra y tiempo de cosecha(2022-03) Tubon Chicaiza, Andrea Aracelly; Núñez Torres, Oscar PatricioThe production of forages in a conventional way today has had a series of limitation saffecting the livestock area of small, medium and large producers, that is why in the present study it is the "Production and nutritional quality of oats (Arrenatherium elatius) of cutting and hydroponics under the effect of sowing dose and harvest time ”in which a 3x3x3 experimental design was used, where 3 treatments were carried outwith 3 repetitions with 3 sowing doses and harvest times in oats (Arrenatherium elatius). An analysis of variance (ADEVA) and the comparison of Turkey means at 5% were jointly carried out using the Infostat Statistical Software. The distribution ofthe treatments was as follows: T1 Cut oats (Control) with sowing dose (0.150, 0.200 and 0.250Kg / m2) and harvest time (45.60 and 75 days), T2 Greenhydropic forage with solution nutrient with sowing doses (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5Kg / m2) and harvest time (8, 12, 16 days) and T3 Hydroponic green forage without solution with sowingdoses (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5Kg / m2) and the harvest time (8, 12, 16 days). Where the study variables were the germination percentage, plant height, seed weight (biomass) and the final weight of hydroponic forage and cutting (yield). The conditions in which theT1 is developedfavored its morphological development, its yield was high in relationto the height, so the cutting time and the sowing quantity benefited it, in the same way,it showed greater advantagein the weight of the forage. The most prominent treatmentwas D1C3 (0.15 kg / m2 - 75 days)where the development time favored the amount of matter. While in hydroponic production with and without solution, there were no significant differences in the height of the plant, butin relation to weight, T2 showed a greater advantage to weight compared to T3, A others withrespect to the nutritionalvalue of oats ( Arrenathetium elatius) the most prominent values in protein, fat, and fiber in general is hydroponic oats, there are no significant differences between T2 andT3, however the variable fat percentage can be seen as an advantage in T2 with C1 (time of harvest 8 days). Finally, Q2 presented a better benefit / cost ratio for every dollar invested, 0.44 cents has been recovered. Thus, concluding that the production of hydroponic green forage under the effect of sowing doses and harvest times influenced the productive indices.Item Determinación del punto óptimo de cosecha de zapallo (Cucurbita maxima) para la elaboración de chips por fritura al vacío(2021-09) Ganán Villafuerte, Adela Coraima; Dobronski Arcos, JorgeThe purpose of this research was to determine the optimum harvest stage of squash (Cucurbita maxima) for obtaining chips using vacuum frying technology. The study was carried out on the macre variety, and external maturity indicators were determined for the two harvest stages (100 and 120 days). The hardness of the rind was determined by a penetrometer in N, in the apical, middle and basal zone. In the 120-dayold pumpkin a force of 84.86 N, 64.05 N and 53.65 N was exerted in the 3 zones respectively, while the pumpkin harvested at 100 days showed a lower force of 71.05 N, 64.1 N, 47.6 N. The changein color of the rind is very noticeable at both stages of harvest to determine its coloration, the Munsell chart of plant tissues was used, which showed colors between green to light green (100 days) and green with reddish tones (120 days). The change in color of the peduncle is another external indicator of maturity, because it changes from yellow-green to light yellow tones in the first stage of harvest, while in the second stage of harvest the peduncle shows lighter yellow tones. This process is due to the fact that the peduncle begins to lignify, preventing the passage of sap, turning from greento light yellow, the peduncle becomes corky and loses weight. The 120-day-oldfruit welghs 198g and the 100-day-old fruit 209.33g. The characteristic color of the pumpkin pulp is orange due to the high content of carotenoids and vitamin C, and physicochemical analysis was carried out on the fresh material. For vacuum frying, 3 frying times were established (12, 13 and 15 min), with a temperature of 100%C at a pressure of -0.64 bar and a centrifugation time of 3 min. Physicochemical and sensory analyses of the pumpkin chips were carried out. However, some nutrients were lost in this process. In the 120-day-old pumpkin, 57% protein, 9.09% starch and 73% vitamin C were lost; in relation to fiber, a gain of 10.12% to 25% was obtained. Finally, a sensory test was carried out to determine the best treatment by 10 panelists, using a scale with a 5-point rating. T5 achieved a higher score (120 days, 13 min) retains better organoleptic and nutritional characteristics in terms of protein 3.99%, fiber 27.00%, ash 5.21%, ethereal extract 12.1%, nitrogen free extract 51.70%, total sugars 43.90% and starch 30.66%. Therefore, the application of vacuum frying technology helps to preserve the organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of the chips and contributes to provide benefitsto the consumer by offering healthy products, helping his health, and to the farmer by avoiding post-harvest losses and improving the quality of life. Key words: harvest, maturity, pumpkin, vacuum frying, chips. Finally, a sensory test was carried out to determine the best treatment by 10 panelists, using a scale with a 5-point rating. T5 achieved a higher score (120 days, 13 min) retains better organoleptic and nutritional characteristics in terms of protein 3.99%,fiber 27.00%, ash 5.21%, ethereal extract 12.1%, nitrogen free extract 51.70%, total sugars 43.90% and starch 30.66%. Therefore, the application of vacuum frying technology helps to preserve the organoleptic and nutritional characteristics of the chips and contributes to provide benefits to the consumerby offering healthy products, helping his health, and to the farmer by avoiding post-harvest losses and improving the quality of lifeItem Evaluación de grados brix como herramienta para determinar el punto óptimo de cosecha con dos aplicaciones de k en tomate (Solanum lycorpersicum M.), en San Antonio de Pichincha, Quito, Ecuador(2021-04) Silva Barrera, José Miguel; Pantoja, José LuisOne problem in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum M.) production is the postharvest losses (PPC) due to the extremely high maturity stage (EC) at which the tomato reaches local markets. Determining an optimal harvest stage (POC) based on Brix measurements (°B, an indirect measure of the total dissolved solids (SST) content) helps to decrease tomato losses, but it have not been evaluated in Ecuador yet. Furthermore, it is possible to increase tomato productivity through K foliar sprays (KF). The purpose was to determine a tomato POC with the use of °B measurements as an estimative of the SST in four EC and identify whether the KF have any effects over the ripening process and total weight. Four EC were selected and two levels of KF (0 and 12 kg K ha-1) were applied to them six times. A divided parcel (four plant per plot) with four replicates in a randomized complete block (RCB) arrangement design was used. It was evaluated the average tomato weight, equatorial and polar diameters, Brix degrees, acidity, and total yield. The °B and the productivity of tomato did not have a relation because the highest °B was obtained at red maturity stage (p = 0.03). Nevertheless, this is not useful to tomato growers because the EC is very high, and it increases the PPC. However, the application of KF increased in 6% the average tomato weight, and it also increased in 11% the total yield (p < 0.10). It could be presumed that K enhanced the activation of several enzymes which promoted photosynthesis, increased sugar flow, and regulated water efficiency on the plant. Additionally, it was determined that the tomato POC was at light red EC because at that stage were obtained the highest results of tomato weight and diameter. In economic terms, the application of KF in addition to harvest the tomatoes at light red EC provided a profitability to tomato growers of US$ 1.35 for each US$ 1.00 invested. Thus, the application of KF and harvest the tomatoes at light red EC could be an alternative to maximize the total yield of the crop and minimize the PPC of tomato.Item Inducción de floración y cosecha en la guayaba (Psidium guajava), mediante la aplicación de nitrato de potasio (KNO3)(2019-03) Caiza Chicaiza, Roberto Carlos; Yánez, WilfridoThe work was realized in the property of Mr Carlos Caiza, placed in Tungurahua's province, canton Pelileo, Community The Clementina, These are located 2124 msnm, and whose geographical coordinates it is a south latitude 1º17 ' 25.5" S, and of length west 78º31 ' 07.3" 3W, with the aim of: to evaluate the application to foliate of three concentrations of nitrate of potassium (KNO3) 3, 6 and 9 %, to advance the induction of floral yolks in culture established of guava. The treatments were three more an absolute witness. I use the design of blocks completely at random, in arrangement factorial of 2 x 2 + 1, with three repetitions. The analysis of variance was effected, DMS's tests to 5 % and Tukey's tests to 5 %. The economic analysis was effected by the methodology of the RBC. The application to foliate of nitrate of potassium (KNO3) with a concentration 3 %, produced the best results, being managed to diminish notably the days for the appearance of the first floral yolks (9,88 days after the third application); major, uniformity of flowers, better quality of fruits for plant and better performance (31,57t/ha). With the application of nitrate of potassium (KNO3) to 6 %, also good results obtained, but with a minor effect that the concentration of 3 %. With this treatment I observe the floral yolks (12,85 days later to the third application), with a uniformity of flowering, and fructification and good performance of (29,55t/ha). Of economic analysis one concludes that, the treatment two (KNO3 to 3 % of concentration), I reach the major relation I benefit cost of 1, 37 sometimes invested.Item Composición química y cinética de degradación ruminal de forraje verde hidropónico de avena a cuatro tiempos de cosecha(2017) Paillacho De La Cruz, Nelly Rocío; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the harvest age on the nutritional value of hydroponic green oat forage (HGOF). The research was carried out in the Faculty of Agriculture Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato. The seeds used of oat were of the variety INIAP 82. The planting density was 6.4kg/m2, the chemical fertilization was done covering the nutritional requirements for the cultivation by irrigation water (1L/m2 every 6 h). The experiment was conducted under a completely random design with four treatments (harvest times: T1:8, T2:11, T3:14 and T4:17 days) and six replicates. Were analyzed the following response variables: chemical composition, in vitro digestibility and in situ ruminal degradation of nutrients, this test was performed using the nylon bag in the rumen and six bulls of approximately 450±49 kg of live weight. The results show a greater (P=0.0012) MS content in treatments T2(94.56), T3(95.29) and T4(95.28), with respect to OM, FDA, EB did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05). However, NDF and Ash was higher (P<0.05) in treatments T3 and T4 (45.72 y 47.91, 4.46 y 4.91 respectively) in relation to the other treatments respectively. The potential degradation of DM and OM (A+B) did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05), however, in the effective degradation was greater (P<0.005) en T1 y T2. Regarding the degradation potential (A+B) and effective degradation of the NDF and ADF, they did not show differences between treatments evaluated (P>0.05). In vitro digestibility of DM and OM did not show differences between treatments (P>0.05). Under the conditions of this study it can be concluded that harvest times of FVHA for the feeding of ruminants are between 8 and 11 days, as it contains the highest nutrient content and better ruminal degradation parameter.Item Incidencia de clima y mercado ene l cultivo de cebolla paiteña criolla (Allium cepa, L) en los cantones de Quero y Mocha(2015) Guananga Pujos, Paola Elevación; Pomboza Tamaquiza, Pedro PabloLa presente investigación acerca de la incidencia del clima y mercado en el cultivo de cebolla paiteña criolla (Alliun cepa, L) en los cantones de Quero y Mocha, fue efectuada por la situación económica de la población en estudio que se dedica a cultivar este producto de vital importancia para la comunidad entera. El objetivo en estudio es: Describir los principales factores del clima y los precios del mercado relacionados con el cultivo de cebolla paiteña en zonas de temporal. Para lo cual se analiza que un 49.4% de los grupos focales analizados siembran en Diciembre y Enero debido a situaciones que tiene que ver con el clima y precios del producto en el momento de la venta y por ende mejorar la vida económica de los grupos focales en estudio. Los grupos focales en estudio se mantienen con una premisa denominada los meses de cosecha dependen de los meses de siembra, donde destacan la coincidencia en el ciclo de cultivo ya que su cosecha será en meses donde los precios alcanzan altos valores siendo un ingreso económico superable para mantener un mejor nivel de vida en sus hogares, ya que estos grupos focales dependen de estos ingresos para recuperar su inversión y mejorar su estabilidad económica.Item La cadena de comercialización de la mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) y la incidencia en el nivel de ingresos de los productores en la provincia de Tungurahua(2014-03-13) Bermudes Acosta, Guillermo Marcelo; Curay Quispe, Segundo EuclidesEsta investigación es un estudio de la cadena de comercialización de la mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) se determinan puntos críticos tales como: la presencia de un gran número de intermediarios, la falta de embaces adecuados y empaque para la comercialización, la no diversificación de mercados, inexistente logística de pos cosecha y almacenamiento, desconocimiento de nuevos mercados como empresas hoteleras e industrias alimenticias para comercializar y procesamiento de la mora. El precio que pagan los comerciantes a los productores no cubre en muchas ocasiones los costos de producción, por lo que se generan pérdidas. La comercialización de la mora se realiza en y no por peso, perjudicando al productor. En la presente investigación se propone un estudio de mercado que permita acceder a nuevos y mejores nichos de mercados que permitan mejorar los ingresos de los productores de esta fruta en la provincia de Tungurahua-Ecuador. El estudio de mercado determina la demanda de esta fruta, en base a encuestas realizadas localmente a productores, intermediarios y consumidores.