Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de dos abonos orgánicos en la producción de zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.)(2024-08) Palate Amaguaña, Veronica Nataly; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioThe research project was carried out through the use of organic fertilizers such as Compost and Humus which improve crop yields, which is why it was used in the production of zucchini with the primary objective of evaluating the production of zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) through the application of two organic fertilizers Compost which contains N (1.01%), P (0.02%) and K (0.10%) and Humus with a concentration of N (0.18%), P (0.21) and K (0. .13%), the amount of 2 kg/m2 was applied, a completely randomized block design (DBCA) was used, with two treatments and two repetitions plus a control. The variables studied were plant height, number of leaves, number of flowers, weight, length and diameter of the fruit. The results of this study demonstrated that the compost treatment (T1) significantly outperformed the other treatments in the evaluated variables. According to the 5% Tukey test, the T1 treatment obtained the highest plant height, with an average of 49.02 cm, compared to the humus treatment (T2) and the control, which reached 42.12 cm and 37.78 cm, respectively. Regarding the number of leaves, treatment T1 presented the highest average with 12 leaves, surpassing T2 with 10 leaves and the control with 9 leaves. Likewise, in the variable number of flowers at 45 days, T1 obtained an average of 11 flowers, while T2 and the control recorded 11 and 9 flowers, respectively. Regarding the weight of the fruits, treatment T1 reached an average of 2.11 kg, being significantly greater than T2 with 1.73 kg and the control with 1.07 kg. Similarly, the length of the fruits was greater in T1 with an average of 45.55 cm, followed by T2 with 39.22 cm and the control with 30.67 cm. Finally, the diameter of the fruits was also higher in treatment T1 with 9.58 cm, compared to T2 and the control, which obtained 9.12 cm and 7.77 cm, respectively. The compost treatment (T1) proved to be the most effective to improve the yield of the zucchini crop in terms of plant height, number of leaves and flowers, weight, length and diameter of the fruits.Item Evaluación del lixiviado del humus de lombriz en la producción de la lechuga de hoja (Lactuca sativa L).(2024-02) Álvarez Molina, María Inmaculada; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThis project was carried out on the property of Mr. José Luis Alvarez in Tena, province of Napo , with the purpose of evaluating the efficiency of worm humus leachate in the yield of the leaf lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa L) , applying the treatments of worm humus leachate in the crop with three doses , two application frequencies , three repetitions and a control . A completely randomized block experimental design was used with six treatments plus a control with three repetitions . In the results of the test of means in terms of plant weight, root length , number of leaves and coverage diameter , no significant statistical difference was found between the data obtained from the analysis of the Tukey test . The root volume was the only variable that obtained a response with a statistically significant difference , with the D2F2 treatment being the outstanding value with an average of 4.58ml , letting us know that the leachate from the worm humus applied at a dose of 350ml/L every 15 days , provides a benefit for root development , causing it to have greater root volume . It should be noted that the treatments that obtained a significant mathematical difference in the different variables analyzed were the following , in the case of plant weight as well as the number of leaves , the D3F2 treatment applying 450ml/L . In root length the D2F1 treatment with an application of 350ml /L and in root diameter the D1F2 treatment applying 250ml /L .Item Influencia de sustratos orgánicos sobre la germinación de (Brassica oleracea L. var. Milán) en el cantón Pangua el Corazón(2023-09) Yanchapanta Aguaiza, Gladys Dalida; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThe present investigation was carried out with the purpose of obtaining new methodological alternatives that influence the germination of cabbage seedlings (Brassica oleracea L.var. Milan), with organic fertilizers from agricultural residues such as (corn, cocoa and banana) with a percentage of worm humus mixtures of (60% - 40% and 50% - 50%). The investigation was carried out in the province of Cotopaxi canton Pangua El Corazón. The land is located at an elevation of 377m above sea level, its coordinates are: altitude: 1º8'12.45" S and Longitude: 79º13'13.60" W. The trial used a randomized block design (B.C.A) in a 3*2 factorial arrangement with 6 treatments and 6 repetitions. An analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% were performed. Data collection was carried out 32 days after sowing. Taking as results for the germination percentage variable, the treatment that stood out was T5 (60% plantain residue + worm humus 40%) with a percentage of 80%. While in the seedling height variable the treatment that stood out the most was T6 (50% plantain residue + 50% worm humus) with a height of 8,12 cm, for the variable stem diameter and root volume the best result was obtained was treatment T6 (50% plantain residue + 50% worm humus) with a stem diameter of 2,92 mm and 0,39 root volume. cc. That is, in the research carried out, the treatments that best stood out were T5 and T6.Item Evaluación de sustratos orgánicos para la producción de plántulas de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Itálica)(2022-09) Guangatal Tipanguano, Cesar Elias; Pallo Paredes, Edwin LeonardoThe research work was carried out under conditions of plastic cover, the purpose was to evaluate the effect of the litter substrate or soil of leaves with the mixtures of organic matter from different sources (humus and compost) for the growth of broccoli seedlings (Brassica oleracea italic variety). The methodology used was four treatments (peat, litter substrate, mixtures with humus and compost) in a complete random design (DCA), the variables evaluated were: percentage of germination, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves , length and root volume, costs per treatment, in the results obtained it was considered that: peat (commercial substrate) is inferior to the rest of the substrates used in the trial because it presents low results in plant height with 11.07 cm, length and volume radicular, number of leaves and stem diameter with 2.18 mm at 30 days after planting, except for germination, which presented an optimal germination of 99.38%; meanwhile, the organic substrates such as the litter substrate and its mixtures with humus and compost appeared the best results with 99.40% in germination, 11.60 cm in plant height, stem diameter with 3.26 mm . Taking into account the performance of the plants in the different agronomic variables evaluated and the financial analysis carried out, the substrates T1, T2 and T3 offer the best results for the production of broccoli seedlings at the greenhouse level. In the case of cost of production per seedling in the treatments there is an acceptable margin of profitability, especially in litter substrates with the addition of organic supplements, because they generate $1.64 while peat presents $1.59 considering that the broccoli seedling production activity it is economically viableItem Evaluación de tuza de maíz tostada como sustratos para la producción de plantas de lechuga(2018) Garzón Borja, Silvana Del Carmen; Curay, SegundoThis studio was carried out in the Tungurahua Province, Ambato canton, Montalvo Parish, Luz de America Town, in the Segundo Curay engineer’s property, its coordinates are: 01⁰24'00" S, longitude: 78⁰23’00" W, and to 2600 meters above sea level. This searching was carried out in order to assess the roasted corncob as a substrate to produce lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa), to establish the efficacy of roasted corncob as a substrate for the production of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa), to determine the characteristics of chemical of the substrate made with corncob. The studied treatments were the followings: T1 fine corncob 75% + Humus 25%, T2 fine corncob 75% + Pomina 25%,: T3 fine corncob 75% + husk 25%, T4 fine corncob 75 % + Humus 25%, T5 thick corncob 75% + Pomina 25%, T6 thick corncob 75% + husk 25%, T7 fine corncob 100%, T8 thick corncob 100% and finally T9 that is Kekilla 100%. The analyzed variables in the estudio were: analysis of substrates, germinative vigor, percent of germination, stem thickness, height of plant, root volume, days to harvest and leaf analysis. The highest accumulation of nutrients in the substrate at the end of the essay is seen in the treatment T6 thick corncob 75% + Humus 25% with a percent of Nitrogen of 2.68% available for the adequate development of the seedling in its definitive site. The highest percent of germination at 15 days after sowing is the T9 commercial substrate Kekilla treatment with 97,43% it was getting a germination of almost 99% which is the acceptable in this variable, then it found the treatment T6 thick corncob 75% + Humus 25% with an average of 88,85%. For the root volume it could be seen that the first place is for the commercial substrate Kekilla T9 treatment with an average of 1.84 cc, for the height of the plant, the T9 Treatment is in the first place the commercial substrate Kekilla with 12,73 cm, then the treatment T6 thick corncob 75% + Humus 25% with 11,35%, being statistically equal, but mathematically different.Item Extracción de cromo total de la capa arable de los suelos contaminados por carnaza con la aplicación de dos tipos de abono orgánico en el cultivo de fréjol (Phaseolus vulgaris)(2017) Quinapanta Cullpa, Laura Marisol; Ibarra López, Bertha ElizabethThe objective of this investigation was to determine the total chrome concentration of the arable layer of the soils as a consequence of the inadequate use of tannery residuals, by utilizing two types of organic fertilizers: humus soil and compost on a beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop in two doses; where we evaluated: the amount of chrome in the soil, days to fruit emergence, days to flowering period, height of the plant, length of the roots. Through the application of the H2C2 treatment (Humus soil 1 Kg/m2; compost 1kg/m2) in a beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) crop,the amount of chrome in the soil decreased considerably, reporting 29,56mg/Kg, which means a 70,9% reduction of the total amount of chrome present in the soil. Regarding to days to fruit emergence, the H2C1 (Humus soil 1 Kg/m2; Compost 0,5 Kg/m2) treatment had better results, showing 8 days to fruit emergence, compared to T witness which was 14 days. In the variable days to flowering period, the H2C1 (Humus soil 1 Kg/m2; Compost 0,5 Kg/m2) treatment presented an optimum result, being the earliest by reporting 71 days to flowering period, whereas the T witness presented 89 days. The H2C1 (Humus soil 1 Kg/m2; Compost 0,5 Kg/m2)treatment showed higher bean plants of 48 cm, while the T witness showed 33 cm in height. By using the H2C1 (Humus soil 1 Kg/m2; Compost 0,5 Kg/m2) treatment it was possible to obtain longer roots of 23 cm, while the T witness showed a root length of 10 cm. It is possible to conclude that the use of organic fertilizers: humus soil and compost, reduces the chrome concentration in the soil, and allows for the bean root and fruit development.Item Uso de zeolita y humus en el cultivo de zanahoria amarilla (Daucus carota L.)(2015) Torres Aimara, Rosendo Vladimir; Curay, SegundoEsta investigación fue realiza en la Granja Experimental Docente de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato, ubicada en el caserío Tambo-Querochaca del cantón Cevallos provincia de Tungurahua, a una latitud de 01°22´02” S, longitud de 78°35´00” W y una altitud de 2865 msnm. A partir de los resultados obtenidos estadísticamente y la observación de campo se puede concluir que en la variable longitud de hojas se obtuvo como mejor resultado al tratamiento Z3 (zeolita 3000kg/ha) en el uso como material que absorbe los minerales del suelo y a medida que la planta lo necesita, posiblemente debido a la absorción de nutrientes mucho mayor con este tipo de material con una longitud de 25.60cm. En cuanto a la variable longitud de raíz a través de los resultados estadísticos se puede concluir que en la variable longitud de raíz el mejor tratamiento resultó ser Z3 (zeolita 3000kg/ha) con una media de 13.99cm, seguido por el tratamiento H3 (Humus 15,000kg/ha), con una media de 13.29cm. Cabe mencionar que la zanahoria necesita de una estructura suelta para que su raíz se desarrolle ampliamente a la exigencia del mercado y consumo. Es así como el resultado mayor que se obtuvo con la zeolita, donde la estructura porosa de la zeolita ayuda a mantener el suelo aireado. Con relación a la variable diámetro de raíz se concluye que según los resultados estadísticos obtenidos y la observación de campo en el transcurso de la investigación que en la variable diámetro de la raíz el tratamiento con mejor resultado se obtuvo con H3 (Humus 15,000 kg/ha), el cual se ubicó en el primer lugar con una media de 48.70 mm, seguido por el Z3 (Zeolita 3000 kg/ha)| con 47.98 mm como media, aunque su diferencia parecería no tan relevante podemos sugerir que posiblemente este resultado sea por la nutrición absorbida por la planta en cuanto al humus y por la estructura propicia en el suelo, su composición por lo general están presentes todos los nutrientes: Nitrógeno, Fósforo, Potasio, Calcio, Magnesio, Manganeso, Hierro y Sodio en cantidad suficiente para garantizar el perfecto desarrollo de las plantas, además de un alto contenido en materia orgánica el humus favorece la circulación del agua, el aire y las raíces. Las tierras ricas en Humus son más esponjosas, más aireadas y menos sensibles a la sequía. En la variable rendimiento de acuerdo al análisis estadístico y la observación de campo se concluye que el tratamiento Z3 (Zeolita 3000 kg/ha), que obtuvo una media de 40.67 Tm/ha), esto se podría deber al mejor aporte y desarrollo que obtuvo a través de los minerales de la zeolita con este tipo de dosis, así como el mejoramiento estructural en el suelo para el desarrollo de raíz y la absorción de nutrientes por parte de la planta, permite aumentar la productividad de los cultivos, lográndose incrementar las cosechas de zanahorias en porcentajes desde el 15% hasta el 63%. Así mismo la zeolita funciona como soporte de elementos en forma iónica, además de que retiene la humedad y mejora la estructura del suelo, llevando consiguiente a la fertilidad del suelo. Además, los cationes cambiables influyen en la estructura, actividad biológica, régimen hídrico y en la reacción del suelo.