Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Diagnóstico de la situación actual sobre el manejo de plaguicidas en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en las comunidades de Shaushi y Puñachizag(2024-02) Villacis Velastegui, Jessica Joselyn; Velástegui Espin, Giovanny PatricioThis study addresses the issue of the indiscriminate use of pesticides in potato cultivation and emphasizes its significance for food security. The research is based on the persistent soil contamination and health concerns of farmers due to excessive exposure to chemicals that are hazardous to both humans and the environment. The methodology employed in this investigation involved conducting surveys with 100 farmers in the communities of Shaushi and Puñachizag. The selection of farmers took into account diversity in terms of age, experience in potato cultivation, and pesticide management. The study explored socio-economic variables, agricultural decision-making, sources of information and marketing, pest-related issues, pesticide usage, and associated risks, alternative control methods, training, and institutional support. Farmers encounter challenges such as pest presence, climate change, and price instability of their products, all of which test the financial capacity of producers to acquire pesticides and biosecurity equipment. This analysis underscores the urgency of implementing policies that promote responsible pesticide use and stresses the importance of providing farmers with access to technical information. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to adopt sustainable alternatives to pesticide use and advocate for safer practices, allowing farmers to acquire a broader understanding of the subject, ultimately leading to a reduction in health problems and pollution associated with pesticide useItem Análisis de costos de producción en tres variedades del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) En la asociación Agropapa de la provincia de Tungurahua(2023-09) Lagua Chimborazo, María Fernanda; Guerrero Cando, David AníbalIn this research, the elements that make up the costs in the production of potato crop in three varieties: superchola, fripapa and unique, in the Association of Agricultural Producers of the potato crop CONPAPA Tungurahua "AGROPAPA" were analyzed. To estimate the production costs per hectare of crop and per sack of potato, a field investigation was carried out through the collection of direct information by means of interviews with the producers of the association and bibliographic research was used to establish the cost structure. The results obtained from the interviews were analyzed and interpreted, and finally the production costs were constructed for the different stages of potato cultivation. The results show that the Fripapa variety obtained an average production cost of $ 2470.29 per hectare and the cost per bag $ 12.25; in the Única variety $ 2327.9 per hectare and the cost per bag $ 11.92. For the Superchola variety, the cost of production per hectare is $ 2703.6 and the cost per sack is $ 14.16. The results obtained vary because each potato producer has different means of production, applies different production technology and is located in different ecological zones. The cost-benefit ratio (CBR) for the Fripapa variety is 1.18, 1.26 for the Única variety and 1.58 for the Superchola variety. The CBR depends on the market reference price, since this is not fixed but depends on the behavior of the markets based on supply and demand.Item Evaluación del efecto de dos compensadores de horas frío en el rendimiento del cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) variedad única pera(2023-09) Núñez Balladares, Vanessa Estefanía; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe present study, based on the production of (Solanum tuberosum L.) single pear variety by seed-tuber that was previously induced with chilling time compensators: Dormex and Urea, and a control that was not treated with any inductor, was developed in the Santa Marianita sector of the Mocha canton, province of Tungurahua, with the purpose of evaluating the effect of the chilling time compensators on the yield of the crop of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) single pear variety. The response variables evaluated were: plant height, number of aerial stems, number of tubers per plant, longitudinal and central diameter, weight of tubers per plant, days to sprouting, days to harvest and yield. A completely randomized block experimental design was used in group analysis with 3 replications. The data obtained were analyzed using Tukey's test at 5%, giving the following results: in plant height, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L) with 84.40 cm plant height and the control with 74.73 cm was the one with the lowest yield. In number of aerial stems per plant, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L) had 12.33 stems, standing out from the rest and, unlike the control, only 6.80 aerial stems. In number of tubers per plant, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L) had 42.80 tubers, being superior to the control, which only obtained 27.07 tubers per plant. In equatorial diameter, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L), with 9.39 cm, occupied first place while the control only obtained 7.78 cm. In polar diameter, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L) ranked first with 7.67 cm, while the control was last with 6.31 cm. In tuber weight per plant, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L), with 2145.40 g, was far superior to the Witness, which had 1614.07 g. In days to sprouting, group 2 (Dormex) sprouted at 27 days, group 1 (Urea) at 29 days and the control at 35 days. In days to harvest, group 2 (Dormex) was at 120 days, group 1 (Urea) at 128 days and the Witness at 150 days. Finally, in yield, T2D1 (Dormex 50 cc/L) was the best treatment for the first category with an average of 3541.31 kg/ha, for the second category with an average of 1595.70 kg/ha, for the third category 1494.20 kg/ha and for the fourth category with an average of 221.11 kg/haItem Evaluación de tres productos alternativos para el control de tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans) en papa (Solanum tuberosum L.)(2023-09) Moreno Aldaz, Edelmira Grimaneza; Pallo Paredes, Edwin LeonardoPotato late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is one of the most destructive diseases of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) worldwide, and its management largely depends on the application of fungicides. However, currently the use of alternative products is becoming more important in agriculture. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effects of the application of three alternative products for the control of late blight on potato. The efficiency of the applications of three products (horsetail infusion, sulphocalcium broth and AgriDis) at doses of 30, 60 and 90 ml to potato plants in an already established crop was evaluated, making three applications during the crop. An effect of product and dosage on disease incidence was demonstrated, with horsetail infusion and calcium polysulfide solution being the most efficient, regardless of the dosage used, as they reduced disease incidence by 48 to 54%. In relation to severity, all products proved to be efficient in decreasing disease severity with values below the control treatment. Even though no significant differences were detected among the treatments, potato plants reached greater height when treated with horsetail infusion and AgriDis, both at a dosage of 60 ml, resulting in plant heights of 1.39 and 1.31 meters, respectively. Overall, the highest yield was obtained in plants treated with calcium polysulfide solution, with an average yield of 6.74 tn/ha, followed by plants treated with AgriDis, averaging a yield of 5.95 tn/ha, whereas plants treated with horsetail infusion yielded 39.6% less than the maximum yield. The use of alternative products demonstrated that these can be effective for controlling late blight in potatoes.Item Efecto de la aplicación de potasio en tres variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en la parroquia Juan Benigno Vela y Pilahuin, provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador(2022-03) Lascano Muñoz, Mishel Katherine; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe study was developed in the San Luis communities at 3128 masl and Tamboloma at 3635 masl, Tungurahua province, in two production batches of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with 3 varieties, I -Fripapa, I -Libertad and I- Puca Shungo; The objective was to evaluate the application of two doses of potassium, to establish the existence of an improvement in the desired characteristics for frying. With a completely randomized block statistical design, with 3 repetitions. The potassium doses used were 120kg / ha and 150kg / ha, the application was made at 21 and 65 days, after sowing. The variables applied in the research were plant emergence, days to flowering and harvest, yields per variety and total yield, obtaining that the variety Puca Shungo is the highest in yield in the two batches, and a survey of 7 people belonging to The CONPAPA association through sensory tests determined that the three varieties obtain acceptance and palatability. Regarding profitability, the T9v3k2 treatment in batch one and the T8v3k1 treatment in batch two, presenting a margin of 1.56% and 1.58%, these being the most profitable. We conclude that the application of potassium is favorable for the potato crop.Item Bioecología de Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc.) en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en las provincias de Tungurahua y Cotopaxi(2020-09) Manobanda Moreta, Alexandra Maribel; Vásquez Freytez, Carlos LuisThe potato psyllid, Bactericera cockerelli (Šulc) (Hemiptera: Psyllidae) is considered a pest in several solanaceous species, native to North America and currently it has become more relevant in recent years due to its capacity to invade in various geographical areas, its wide range of host plants and, mainly due to their ability to transmit pathogens to plants they feed on. Given that this species has been recently reported in the country, the present study evaluated the biology, geographic distribution and intra-plant distribution of B. cockerelli in potato crops in the provinces of Tungurahua and Cotopaxi. Biology was studied in potato leaves variety Super Chola under laboratory conditions (21.2 °C and 49.6% relative humidity). Additionally, samplings were carried out in 14 localities belonging to five cantons of the Tungurahua province (Ambato, Tisaleo, Mocha, Quero and Pelileo) and in five localities of the canton of Salcedo (Cotopaxi province). The life cycle of B. cockerelli showed an average total duration of 22.93 days with a mortality rate during the egg phase with 59.6%, while in the first and fourth nymphal instars only 4.25% of mortality was verified, respectively. Regarding geographical distribution, the plague was detected in cantons of Ambato and Píllaro (Tungurahua), in which the potato psyllid was found in 7 of 14 sampled localities, representing 50.0% of the areas considered in sampling. In canton of Salcedo (Cotopaxi), it was found in three of the five sampling locations, representing 60% of positive cases for the presence of the pest. This verified distribution in the sampled areas seems to be related to the height above sea level, since the species was not found in those locations with heights close to 3,000 meters above sea level. Regarding the intra-plant distribution, wide variability was observed in the spatial distribution in the different plant strata (upper, middle and lower), which suggests that the pest shows no preference to select the substrate for oviposition and feeding. The results obtained in the present investigation lay the foundations for thexv bioecological studies of B. cockerelli in the region, however, it is suggested that similar studies be carried out to evaluate other bioecological aspects of the pest.Item Evaluación del uso de tres formulaciones de biol en la producción de papa (Solanum tuberosum l.) variedad Cecilia(2017) Guerrero Núñez, Mayra Anabell; Aldás Jarrín, Juan CarlosThe present work was carried out with the objective of evaluating the yield of potato (Solanum Tuberosum) with the application of three biol formulations in the Experimental Teaching Farm Querochaca at the Technical University of Ambato Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, located in the Canton Cevallos, province of Tungurahua. Its geographical coordinates are 01 ° 21 South latitude and 78 ° 36 West longitude, with an altitude of 2865 m. The objective of this research was: To evaluate the effect of three types of biol on the yield of Cecilia INIAP potato (Solanum Tuberosum L), for which three different formulations of biol were used in doses of 10%, 20% And 30% for application to the crop, which was done every 8 days from before flowering until ripening. In conclusion, it was possible to establish a biol formulation suitable for the performance of Cecilia INIAP potato (Solanum tuberosum), as the research showed favorable results of the variables under study with the B1D3 treatment (Biol 1 + 30% dose). The formulation of Biol 1 with the following products, chicken manure, fresh herbs, alfalfa, molasses, bread yeast, copper sulfate, calcium carbonate, phosphoric rock, magnesium sulfate, borax, micronized sulfur and water. This treatment obtained highly significant results for the variable weight of the first category potato, ranking first (a) with a mean of 1.12 kg. In the variable total weight of the tuber also had highly significant data with a mean of 1.70 kg, in length of tuber had a mean of 12.50 cm, in tuber width an average of 6.23 cm, in yield 17 tn / Ha as mean value and all with high significance. Also in the analysis of benefit-cost ratio, the best result was obtained with this same treatment because it presented a gain of $ 0.43 per one dollar of investment.Item Validación de una estrategia en el control de tizón tardío (Phytophthora infestans) en papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) con las variedades INIAP-libertad, INIAP-cecilia y superchola, en la provincia de Tungurahua(2017) Freire Tenelema, Mayra Alejandra; Cruz Tobar, Saúl EduardoThe following investigation seeks to validate one strategy to control Late Blight (phytophthora infestans) in potatoes (solanum tuberosum l.) in three potato types, INIAP Cecilia, Superchola, Libertad with the aid of the DSS (Decision Support System) through a frequency of application and evaluation of 8-12-15 days to ob-tain the best control strategy to cause less environmental impact. By doing the statistical analysis of the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) it was possible to determine that the potato type Libertad, due to its own characteristics, showed a higher resistance to Late Blight compared to the other potato types. Regarding the Environmental Impact Rating we could determine an important de-crease when applying the DSS compared to the Farmer treatment, which shows, in the case of the Cecilia potato type, a reduction of 85,89%, in Libertad potato type 97,82% and in Super chola potato type 88,87%.Item Evaluación del agua de cocción de chocho (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) y ceniza de eucalipto (Eucaliptus globulus) para el control de polilla (Tecia solanivora) en dos sistemas de almacenamiento de semilla de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en el caserío Rosal(2017) Maldonado Mangui, Inés Liliana; Cruz Tobar, EduardoThe research was carried out with the purpose of measure the effect of the water of cooking of pussy (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) and ash of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) in the control of moth (Tecia solanivora) in the storage of seed of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in the farmhouse the Rosal. Is used the design experimental of blocks complete to the random (BCA) in fix factorial 2 by 3 by 2 with four repetitions. The reduction in incidence of attack of moth was achieved through the application of A2D2S1 treatments (pussy 100%, water 50 grams of eucalyptus ash per kilogram, storage in cellar) and A1D1S1 (pussy 50% water, 25 grams of eucalyptus ash per kilogram of potato, storage in cellar) with a shared average of 5%. The application of A1D1S1 treatment (50% water pussy, 25 grams of eucalyptus ash per kilogram, storage in cellar) reported the best control of moth with a percentage of severity of 0.68%, constituting an alternative appropriate control with eco-friendly products at the same time not affecting the environment. Made them analysis statistical is observed that the average of number of outbreaks is greater in those tubers treated with water of pussy and ash of eucalyptus in dose high with a value of 4.04. With regard to the economic analysis, the treatment A1D1S1 (pussy 50% water, 25 grams of eucalypt ash x kilogram, storage in cellar) was the lowest production cost per hectare representing a value of 327.89 dollars, and the one that generated the most B/C ratio 1.65 being the best alternative to be applied in the conservation of potato tubers.