Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de sustratos para la producción de plántulas de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum B.)(2023-09) Marcalla Yanchaguano, Erika Alexandra; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe deterioration of the capacity of the land has led to the replacement of direct sowing by the use of seedbeds, with the use of substrates so that in this way they provide us with the production of quality plants. The substrate is one of the main means used for the seed to germinate properly. The objective of this research was to evaluate different substrates for the production of tree tomato seedlings (Solanum betaceum B). The research was carried out in the Research building, acclimatization area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, a completely randomized block experimental design (DBCA) was carried out, with three treatments and 4 repetitions (each). The substrates used were T1 (Compost50 % plus Gravel 50 %), T2 (Peat) and T3 (Coal - Husk 50 % plus Black Earth 50 %). For the data analysis, the Tukey test was carried out at 5%, at the end of the first phenological phase, which is 30 days after it began to germinate and 45 days after sowing. The germination percentage, plant height, root volume, number of true leaves, root length and stem diameter were evaluated; Carrying out the statistical analysis, it was prolonged that in the six variables prevailed in T2 (Peat), we obtained an average percentage of germination (80.8%) plant height of (8.57cm), root volume of (0. 57cc), number of true leaves (4), root length (4.38cm) and stem diameter (0.5cm), similar results were obtained with T3 (Carbon - Cascarilla plus Tierra Negra). While the compost plus gravel substrate (T1) was the one with the lowest germination percentage (2.83%), so it would not be advisable to use it for tree tomato seed germination.Item Evaluación de sustratos y ácido salicílico en la producción de plántulas de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Itálica)(2023-03) Gutiérrez Tasinchana, Jenny Paulina; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe cultivation of broccoli in the last decades has had a growth in both the national and international market, so it is important to have seedlings that meet good adaptability for transplanting, growth and development to supply the supply and quality of the market. The objective of this research is to evaluate various substrates together with different concentrations of salicylic acid for the production of broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Italica) seedlings. The present trial was carried out in the parish of Belisario Quevedo, in the canton of Latacunga, Cotopaxi province. An experimental design was carried out using completely randomized blocks (DBCA) with a factorial arrangement of 3*3+1 with three replications (nine treatments and a control). The substrates used were S1(Floragard), S2(Klasmann TS1, S3(BM2) and the dosage of salicylic acid was D1(1cc/L), D2(2cc/L) and D3(3cc/L), while T(control) consisted of humus and without AS applications. The data were analyzed using the Tukey test at 5% with a comparison of means between treatments. The application was made at 7 and 14 days after sowing, while data were collected 30 days after sowing. Germination percentage, root volume and length, number of leaves, stem diameter and total chlorophyll were evaluated. Based on the statistical analysis, it was determined that in four variables the S1D1 treatment (floragard substrate and salicylic acid at a dose of 1cc/L) predominated, where root volume obtained an average of 1.64cc, root length 8.73 cm, stem diameter 1.49 cm and total chlorophyll 4.62 μg/g. While in the variable number of leaves the treatment that stood out was S1D2 (floragard substrate and salicylic acid at a dose of 2cc/L) which had more leaf area compared to the other treatments with an average of 2.53 leaves. On the other hand, the S2D2 treatment (klasmann TS1 substrate and a salicylic acid dose of 2cc/L) obtained a high germination percentage with a mean of 98.54%.Item Evaluación de diferentes proporciones de sustratos en el crecimiento de plántulas de uvilla (Physalis peruviana)(2022-09) Toscano Mañay, Jessica Alexandra; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueSubstrates are of great importance to achieve a good development of seedlings, because they allow them to develop a good root system in order to obtain a better quality. The cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana) is a fruit species from the Andean territory that is considered a wild fruit, since its seeds are more easily propagated. In the present work, the effect of different proportions of substrate on the development of cape gooseberry seedlings was evaluated in order to determine the treatment that would allow obtaining better quality plants with desirable characteristics. Six treatments were evaluated: T1 (agricultural dream 100%), T2 (agricultural soil 50% + guinea pig manure 50%), T3 (agricultural soil 40% + sawdust 20% + rock flour 40%), T4 (sand 50% + rock flour 30% + sawdust 20%), T5 (agricultural soil 70% + sawdust 30%) and T6 (agriculturalsoil 70% + rock flour 30%). A completely randomized block experimental design with three replications was used. The variables evaluated were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, root length and percentage of useful plants. Data were collected 30, 40, 60 and 80 days after planting. The best treatments were T1 (agricultural soil 100%) and T6 (agricultural soil 70% + rock flour 30%). The variable number of leaves, an average of 3.53 was recorded at 30 days and 5.17 at 80 days, with a difference of 1.64 leaves. Plant height was 1.03 cm at 30 days and 4.53 at 80 days. The stem diameter variable showed a difference of 0.09 cm from day 40 to day 80. For root length, mean values were 7.99 cm at 40 days and 15.58 cm at 80 days, with a difference of 7.59 cm. The percentage of useful plants was 53% with treatment T1. It is concluded that there is an influence of the different proportions of substrates on the growth and development of seedlings.Item Evaluación de sustratos con la adición de ácidos húmicos para la producción de plántulas de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) var. pietro(2022-09) Yucailla Masabanda, Luis Alberto; Guerrero Cando, David AníbalWith the continuous use of commonly used substrates, the low germination rate of seeds and low-quality seedlings has become present, therefore, these seedlings will not be available for sale, affecting the producers of this sector. In this experiment, six treatments and two controls were evaluated, the treatments consisted of organic substrates (peat and coconut fiber) plus the incorporation of humic acid in three different doses (2%, 4% and 6%), proportions that adjust to 100% of the total volume of the substrate, the two controls were composed entirely of peat and coconut fiber, respectively. An experimental design of completely randomized blocks (DBCA) was used, with 6 treatments and 4 replicates plus 2 controls. An analysis of variance (ANAVAR) and Tukey's significance test at 5% were applied for the comparison between treatments, and comparison between peat substrate and coconut fiber substrate. The treatment prepared with 98% peat + 2% humic acid showed the best results in the variables analyzed. For plant height at 35 days reached 7.57 cm, the stem diameter was greater among all treatments, as in the one reported at 35 days (2.13 mm). Likewise, the root volume of the seedlings of this treatment obtained a more significant result (2.24 cc), also standing out in the development of leaf area (12.21 cm2). Similarly, the cost of production per treatment and per seedling was 0.12 US cents, a value shared by all treatments. This cost was directly influenced by the number of seedlings obtained, which in turn is related to the germination percentage of each treatment.Item Evaluación de sustratos orgánicos para la producción de plántulas de brócoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Itálica)(2022-09) Guangatal Tipanguano, Cesar Elias; Pallo Paredes, Edwin LeonardoThe research work was carried out under conditions of plastic cover, the purpose was to evaluate the effect of the litter substrate or soil of leaves with the mixtures of organic matter from different sources (humus and compost) for the growth of broccoli seedlings (Brassica oleracea italic variety). The methodology used was four treatments (peat, litter substrate, mixtures with humus and compost) in a complete random design (DCA), the variables evaluated were: percentage of germination, plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves , length and root volume, costs per treatment, in the results obtained it was considered that: peat (commercial substrate) is inferior to the rest of the substrates used in the trial because it presents low results in plant height with 11.07 cm, length and volume radicular, number of leaves and stem diameter with 2.18 mm at 30 days after planting, except for germination, which presented an optimal germination of 99.38%; meanwhile, the organic substrates such as the litter substrate and its mixtures with humus and compost appeared the best results with 99.40% in germination, 11.60 cm in plant height, stem diameter with 3.26 mm . Taking into account the performance of the plants in the different agronomic variables evaluated and the financial analysis carried out, the substrates T1, T2 and T3 offer the best results for the production of broccoli seedlings at the greenhouse level. In the case of cost of production per seedling in the treatments there is an acceptable margin of profitability, especially in litter substrates with the addition of organic supplements, because they generate $1.64 while peat presents $1.59 considering that the broccoli seedling production activity it is economically viableItem Evaluación de dos métodos de propagación de mortiño (Vaccinium floribundum Kunth), para la obtención de plántulas(2022-03) Catota Timbila, Enma Verónica; Dobronski Arcos, JorgeThe paramo soil composite substrates with Raizal 400 showed the highest vigor of the cuttings (at the beginning of the trial), number of shoots (at 30, 45 and 60 days), shoot length (at 15, 30 and 45 days). The highest vigor at the base of the stake was observed in the composite treatment based on paramo soil plus Induktor without the presence of necrosis in the cuttings. In relation to the percentage of contamination of the first test, it was similar for both culture media in both the first and the second evaluation. Likewise, in the third evaluation, no differences were observed in the percentage of vigorous explants. The percentage of contamination of the second trial showed that the highest percentage of contamination in the first and third evaluation was reached in the culture flasks containing the MS (Murashige y skoog) 7.5 g sucrose, 0.5 g phytagel and 1.11 g MS for 250ml, culture medium. However, in the second evaluation, the highest percentage of contamination was detected in the AM the elements are half of the MS medium, except the phytagel: 3.75 g of sucrose, 0.5 g of phytagel and 0.555 g of MS medium for 250 ml. In the third evaluation, there were no differences in the percentage of contamination between the MS and AM culture media. With the present work, it was possible to establish plants under V. floribundum conditions by cutting which will help to form donor plant banks to continue with the future in vitro establishment phase of explants.Item Producción de tomate riñón (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) utilizando plántulas injertas en palo bobo (Nicotiana glauca Graham.) como inductor de resistencia a nemátodos(2019-01) Santamaría Pérez, Karla Andreina; Curay Quispe, SegundoThe tomato crop (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) production is affected by pests and diseases, mainly due to the attack of nematodes, those are responsable for the root galls (Meloidogyne sp.), for this reason the objective of this research was to promote the use of tomato grafts with wild Solanaceae. Two commercial hybrids Pietro and Syta were used, as those are in high demand by farmers in Central zone, those hybrids are grafted in palo bobo (Nicotiana glauca Graham.) as an inducer of resistance to nematodes under cover conditions, which produced according to genetic parameters of variety, this research was obtaining the best results in hybrid Pietro with 2000 g of earthworm humus. Tomato grafts had an height of 1.35 m. and the weight per bunch was 876.1 g, the number of fruits was higher at harvest time 2 (2nd bunch) with an average of 6.42 fruits. The fruits of tomato were categorized according to the market requirement Pietro proved to be better to Syta with 28 and 362 fruits of first and second respectively. The evaluated roots of the grafts were analyzed visually comparing with the index of affectation scale by presence of galls, in those obtaining as a result that the grafts are in the scale 0 which means absence of nematodes in the root. The organoleptic characteristics of the grafted tomato didn't have difference between the tomato without grafting and these are pleasant in flavor, color, texture and aroma for human consumption.Item Evaluación del rendimiento de cebolla de bulbo (Allium cepa L.) Var. RED NICE a partir de plántulas obtenidas mediante la poda de sus hojas(2015) Chimborazo Segovia, Diana Elizabeth; Zurita Vásquez, HernánEste proyecto de investigación pretende mejorar la calidad y uniformidad de la producción de cebolla paiteña, lo que tendría un impacto social positivo en los productores de esta hortaliza, ya que mejorarían sus ingresos económicos, y a su vez la calidad de vida de este sector vulnerable de la sociedad. La práctica de la poda en semilleros de cebolla, es novedosa en nuestro medio, ya que no ha habido la capacitación respecto a este tema, para mejorar la producción de este cultivo. Este ensayo se realizó en los predios de la granja Experimental Querochaca, de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Ambato. En la fase de semillero se empleó el diseño experimental de bloques al azar (DBCA) con cinco repeticiones. En la fase de campo se empleó el diseño experimental de bloques al azar (DBCA) con tres repeticiones. Se efectuó el análisis de varianza (ADEVA); pruebas de significación de Tukey al 5%. La poda en semillero es recomendada con el objetivo de fortalecer la plántula y hacerla apta al momento del trasplante, así como obtener resultados óptimos en cuanto al rendimiento, por tanto la aplicación de esta tecnología aporta al productor como base en la mejora económica y social, como lo demuestran los resultados obtenidos, lo cual se definió como el mejor tipo de poda a P2 es decir la establecida en plántulas de semillero a los 25 días después de la siembra, ya que presenta rangos de significación bien marcados, ubicándose en el primer rango en la mayoría de los factores estudiados, en la variable volumen de raíz tomado en la fase de semillero, el tratamiento P2 (poda a los 25 días) obtuvo significancia al 5% con una media de 0.26 cm3, resultando ser el mejor, en cuanto a diámetro del pseudotallo, el mejor tratamiento se manifestó en P2 (poda a los 25 días) con una media de 0,378 cm, lo que determinó su significancia al 5%, en la variable altura de planta en el campo se observó como mejor tratamiento a T (testigo sin poda) que produjo plantas con 64.23 cm de altura como media y con significancia al 5%, en el diámetro de bulbo se mostró nuevamente P2 como el mejor tratamiento con una media de 6.99 cm de diámetro y con significancia al 5%, en cuanto al peso de bulbo se obtuvo 166.63 g de peso como media en el tratamiento P2 (poda a los 25 días) y con significancia al 5%. Por este motivo se definió como el mejor tipo de poda a P2 es decir la establecida en plántulas de semillero a los 25 días después de la siembra, ya que presenta rangos de significación bien marcados.Item Evaluación de dosis de hormonagro en estacas de la vid (Vitis vinifera) para la producción de plántulas(2014-02-05) Chipantiza Masabanda, Juan Gabriel; Sanchez Cobo, Pedro AntonioEl presente trabajo de investigación titulado “EVALUACIÓN DE DOSIS DE HORMONAGRO EN ESTACAS DE LA VID (Vitis vinífera) PARA LA PRODUCCIÓN DE PLÁNTULAS”. Se realizó en la propiedad del Ing. Marcelo Soria, en la parroquia La Matriz, Cantón Patate, provincia de Tungurahua, ubicado aproximadamente en el centro de la ciudad, se encuentra a una altura de 2202 m.s.n.m. con una temperatura promedio anual de 16°C y precipitación promedio anual de 670 mm. Se utilizó el diseño de Bloques Completos al Azar, en un arreglo factorial 3 x 3 + 1testigo, con cuatro repeticiones. Se efectuó el análisis de varianza (ADEVA) y pruebas de Tukey al 5% para los efectos principales e interacciones. Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron: Contribuir al mejoramiento tecnológico de la propagación asexual por estacas de la vid (Vitis vinífera) mediante la utilización de hormonas para su enraizamiento. Determinar el tiempo más adecuado de contacto de la estaca con el producto hormonal para el enraizamiento de estacas de la vid. Determinar la dosis más adecuada de producto para el enraizamiento de estacas de la vid.Del análisis de los datos obtenidos se concluyó que: A En la investigación realizada se determinó el tiempo de contacto de las estacas con las hormonas, este fue de 2 horas de inmersión en la solución de ácido naftalen acético (Hormonagro # 1) en el tratamiento T1D1 con una dosis de 2g/L de agua, ya que mediante los análisis realizados este tratamiento fue el mejor en todas las variables; longitud de raíz, volumen de raíz, longitud del brote, diámetro del brote, número de hojas, ancho de hojas y largo de hojas. B En la presente investigación se determinó que la dosis más adecuada de hormonagro #1 para el enraizamiento de estacas de la Vid la misma que fué 2g/L lo que se manifestó en todos los análisis realizados. C Se concluye que hormonagro #1 Ácido naftaleno acético en el tratamiento T1D1 con un tiempo de inmersión de 2 horas y 2g/L facilita el enraizamiento en estacas de la vid por lo que se obtuvo los mejores resultado, para las variables longitud de raíz, volumen de raíz, longitud del brote, diámetro del brote, número de hojas, ancho de hojas, y largo de hojas. D La presente investigación el producto que se utilizó fue hormonagro #1 que actuó como un regulador fisiológico en las estacas, afectando a los puntos de crecimiento, promoviendo la formación de raíces mediante la activación enzimática que afecta la división celular, promoviendo la emisión radical de las estacas de Vitis vinífera permitiendo también un buen desarrollo de las partes vegetativas en la planta; mientras que el peor tratamiento fue el testigo, ya que manifestó los peores resultados.