Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de la producción de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) con la aplicación de un bioestimulante más potasio en el caserío Yanahurco, cantón Mocha(2023-09) Morales Copo, Brenda Vaneza; León Gordón, Olguer AlfredoThe objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of the application of foliar biostimulants on the yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) in the Yanahurco hamlet, Mocha canton. A completely randomized block design (CBAD) was applied, with 6 treatments including the control and three replications with the following formulations: F1 (Crop + Plus 1.5ml/L + Kelik Potassium 2ml/L), F2 (Crop + Plus 2.5ml/L + Kelik Potassium 2ml/L), F3 (Crop + Plus 3.5ml/L + Kelik Potassium 2ml/L), F3 (Crop + Plus 3, 5ml/L + Kelik Potassium 2ml/L), F4(Crop + Plus 1.5ml/L), F5(Kelik Potassium 2 ml/L), in the control the application of Crop + Plus and Kelik Potassium was not carried out, in the processing of the information the Tukey test was applied at 5% with the use of the INFOSTAT program. The parameters evaluated were plant height, cabbage weight, equatorial and polar diameter, and yield. Based on the statistical analysis, it was determined that the best treatment was F5 (Kelik Potassium 2 ml/L), since in the analysis of the different treatments it obtained the best values in terms of height (21.63 cm), cabbage weight (947.63 g), equatorial diameter (947.63 g), and equatorial diameter (947.63 g), 63g), in equatorial and polar diameter (16.67cm), and in yield (75810.67kg/h), which reflects that it could be complemented only with kelik potassium in lettuce production. It is recommended to promote the use of organic fertilization in agroecosystems in order to maintain the efficient use of natural resources.Item Análisis de extracto de savia para determinar el estado nutricional del cultivo de rosa(2023-02) Miranda Guevara, Carla Jasmin; Lindao Córdova, Víctor AlbertoThe present research work seeks to determine the nutritional levels of the rose bush by means of rapid measurement equipment in situ, in order to recommend and evaluate the efficiency of fertigation. For the measurements of the nutrient content in the sap, vegetative stems were used in the rice state, monitoring the collection temperature of the samples at 15 °C, 10 stems were cut for each repetition, defoliating and measuring 10 cm of the stem, they were crushed. the pieces of stems and the sap was extracted by means of a syringe, these samples were placed in the Horiba sensors for analysis. The nutrient solutions of the soil were extracted from the suction lysimeter or sucker, by means of an emptying of the sucker and they were placed in the horiba sensors for their respective analysis. It was found that the higher the temperature and radiation, the higher the absorption of the elements at the sap level, likewise, the lower these parameters are, the lower the absorption at the sap level. In the case of the sucker analysis, the higher the temperature, the nutrient content in the solution will be higher, because evapotranspiration allows a greater flow of masses and movement of the elements contained in the soil, otherwise it occurs when the temperature and radiation are less. Therefore, it is determined that the use of the Horiba meters allows a quick and efficient assessment of the absorption of nutrients in the cultivation of the rose.Item Evaluación de la aplicación foliar de potasio y su incidencia en el rendimiento del cultivo de fresa (Fragaria x ananassa)(2022-09) Tapia Carrera, Stalin Fabricio; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalStrawberry (Fragaria x ananassa) crop has experienced a significant expansion worldwide due to both the value of production and the nutritional value, however, production levels in Ecuador are relatively low in relation to the world average. Although literature on the importance of macronutrients such as potassium in this crop is still scarce, it is known that the strawberry requires to be provided with quantities enough to satisfy the photosynthetic demand and an adequate growth of the fruits. In this sense, in the present study the effect of potassium fertilization applied via foliar on the number, size and quality of strawberry fruits was evaluated. For this, three doses (5, 10 and 15 g/l) of two foliar fertilizers (Engrosan K3000 and Agromax K50) were evaluated and compared with the conventional fertilization used in strawberry. A greater number of fruits was obtained in plants treated with Agromax K50 at a dose of 10 g/l, with which were obtained 6.74 and 18.44% higher than with the doses of 5 and 15 g/l of the same product, while with respect to the Engrosan K-300 product, it was 23.38, 13.34 and 14.99% higher than the doses of 5, 10 and 15 g/l, respectively. Similarly, estimated yield was significantly higher with Agromax K50 at a dose of 10 g/l compared to the rest of the treatments. The firmness of the fruit was affected by both the type of product and the dose applied, being significantly higher in fruits obtained from plants treated with Agromax K50 at the different doses, with values from 2.83 to 3.02 kg/cm2 in fruits from categories 2 and 3. Finally, the Brix degrees were not affected by the fertilizer type and the applied dose, so they generally ranged from 9.2 to 12.2 °Bx. Based on the results, the use of Agromax K50 in the fertilization of strawberry plants is recommended in order to obtain better quality of the harvest and higher yield.Item Efecto de la aplicación de potasio en tres variedades de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) en la parroquia Juan Benigno Vela y Pilahuin, provincia de Tungurahua, Ecuador(2022-03) Lascano Muñoz, Mishel Katherine; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe study was developed in the San Luis communities at 3128 masl and Tamboloma at 3635 masl, Tungurahua province, in two production batches of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with 3 varieties, I -Fripapa, I -Libertad and I- Puca Shungo; The objective was to evaluate the application of two doses of potassium, to establish the existence of an improvement in the desired characteristics for frying. With a completely randomized block statistical design, with 3 repetitions. The potassium doses used were 120kg / ha and 150kg / ha, the application was made at 21 and 65 days, after sowing. The variables applied in the research were plant emergence, days to flowering and harvest, yields per variety and total yield, obtaining that the variety Puca Shungo is the highest in yield in the two batches, and a survey of 7 people belonging to The CONPAPA association through sensory tests determined that the three varieties obtain acceptance and palatability. Regarding profitability, the T9v3k2 treatment in batch one and the T8v3k1 treatment in batch two, presenting a margin of 1.56% and 1.58%, these being the most profitable. We conclude that the application of potassium is favorable for the potato crop.Item Evaluación de grados brix como herramienta para determinar el punto óptimo de cosecha con dos aplicaciones de k en tomate (Solanum lycorpersicum M.), en San Antonio de Pichincha, Quito, Ecuador(2021-04) Silva Barrera, José Miguel; Pantoja, José LuisOne problem in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum M.) production is the postharvest losses (PPC) due to the extremely high maturity stage (EC) at which the tomato reaches local markets. Determining an optimal harvest stage (POC) based on Brix measurements (°B, an indirect measure of the total dissolved solids (SST) content) helps to decrease tomato losses, but it have not been evaluated in Ecuador yet. Furthermore, it is possible to increase tomato productivity through K foliar sprays (KF). The purpose was to determine a tomato POC with the use of °B measurements as an estimative of the SST in four EC and identify whether the KF have any effects over the ripening process and total weight. Four EC were selected and two levels of KF (0 and 12 kg K ha-1) were applied to them six times. A divided parcel (four plant per plot) with four replicates in a randomized complete block (RCB) arrangement design was used. It was evaluated the average tomato weight, equatorial and polar diameters, Brix degrees, acidity, and total yield. The °B and the productivity of tomato did not have a relation because the highest °B was obtained at red maturity stage (p = 0.03). Nevertheless, this is not useful to tomato growers because the EC is very high, and it increases the PPC. However, the application of KF increased in 6% the average tomato weight, and it also increased in 11% the total yield (p < 0.10). It could be presumed that K enhanced the activation of several enzymes which promoted photosynthesis, increased sugar flow, and regulated water efficiency on the plant. Additionally, it was determined that the tomato POC was at light red EC because at that stage were obtained the highest results of tomato weight and diameter. In economic terms, the application of KF in addition to harvest the tomatoes at light red EC provided a profitability to tomato growers of US$ 1.35 for each US$ 1.00 invested. Thus, the application of KF and harvest the tomatoes at light red EC could be an alternative to maximize the total yield of the crop and minimize the PPC of tomato.Item Efecto de tres fuentes y tres dosis de potasio en el rendimiento de papa china, cultivar “blanca” [Colocasia esculenta (L.) schott] en la parroquia El Triunfo, provincia de Pastaza(2021-04) Pineda Morales, Noé Efraín; Leiva Mora, MichelThe objective of this work was to determine the effect of sources and doses of K+ on the agricultural yield of Chinese potato, cultivar "white", because there is no history of similar studies in our country. During the experimental field phase at harvest time (210 days after planting, dpp) the following variables were evaluated: weight of cormels per plant, quality categories of cormels (first-class cormels 100 - 200 g, second 50 - 100 g and third less than 50 g), number of cormels per plant, weight of cormels per category and yield of cormels per hectare, benefit-cost ratio-1 (BC-1). All the sources of potassium increased agricultural yield, although the KNO3 fertilization source was the one that showed the greatest increase. When 99.6 g. plant-1 of KNO3 were applied, the highest quantity of cormels of C. esculenta cultivar “blanca” was obtained with first-rate quality. The fertilization treatment based on the application of 49.9 g. KCl's plant-1 was the one that generated the highest profit per dollar invested. However, in all treatments that used potassium sources, the profit was increased when compared to the control without fertilization. Profits ranged from US $ 0.3 to US $ 1.1 per every dollar invested.Item Evaluación de tuza de maíz tostada como sustratos para la producción de plantas de lechuga(2018) Garzón Borja, Silvana Del Carmen; Curay, SegundoThis studio was carried out in the Tungurahua Province, Ambato canton, Montalvo Parish, Luz de America Town, in the Segundo Curay engineer’s property, its coordinates are: 01⁰24'00" S, longitude: 78⁰23’00" W, and to 2600 meters above sea level. This searching was carried out in order to assess the roasted corncob as a substrate to produce lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa), to establish the efficacy of roasted corncob as a substrate for the production of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa), to determine the characteristics of chemical of the substrate made with corncob. The studied treatments were the followings: T1 fine corncob 75% + Humus 25%, T2 fine corncob 75% + Pomina 25%,: T3 fine corncob 75% + husk 25%, T4 fine corncob 75 % + Humus 25%, T5 thick corncob 75% + Pomina 25%, T6 thick corncob 75% + husk 25%, T7 fine corncob 100%, T8 thick corncob 100% and finally T9 that is Kekilla 100%. The analyzed variables in the estudio were: analysis of substrates, germinative vigor, percent of germination, stem thickness, height of plant, root volume, days to harvest and leaf analysis. The highest accumulation of nutrients in the substrate at the end of the essay is seen in the treatment T6 thick corncob 75% + Humus 25% with a percent of Nitrogen of 2.68% available for the adequate development of the seedling in its definitive site. The highest percent of germination at 15 days after sowing is the T9 commercial substrate Kekilla treatment with 97,43% it was getting a germination of almost 99% which is the acceptable in this variable, then it found the treatment T6 thick corncob 75% + Humus 25% with an average of 88,85%. For the root volume it could be seen that the first place is for the commercial substrate Kekilla T9 treatment with an average of 1.84 cc, for the height of the plant, the T9 Treatment is in the first place the commercial substrate Kekilla with 12,73 cm, then the treatment T6 thick corncob 75% + Humus 25% with 11,35%, being statistically equal, but mathematically different.