Unidad Posgrado Facultad Ingeniería Agronómica
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/1668
Browse
10 results
Search Results
Item Determinación del índice de requerimiento de fertilización de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) variedad Extremo a partir del análisis del extracto de savia(2024-12) Peñaloza Lozada María Belén; Peña Murillo Robinson FabricioOptimizing fertilization in horticultural crops can increase both yield and product quality while minimizing environmental impact. Traditionally, fertilization plans are based on soil analyses, which, however, do not always accurately reflect the specific nutritional needs of the plant. Sap analysis emerges as an alternative to assess the nutritional status of plants in real time. In the present research, the fertilization requirement index for tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) variety Extremo was determined by analyzing the sap extract. The contents of essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca and Mg) were quantified using the ion-selective electrode system, known as the LAQUAtwin meter, whose results were compared with those obtained by conventional tissue analysis methods. A high positive correlation was observed between both methods, with correlation values (r) ranging between 0.851 for phosphorus and 0.991 for nitrogen. Regarding primary nutrients (N, P and K), significant variations were identified depending on the crop development stage, with the highest absorption rates recorded at 30 (vegetative growth) and 60 (reproductive growth) days after transplant (dat). At 120 dat, a decrease in absorption was observed, especially of nitrogen and phosphorus, with this reduction being more pronounced in nitrogen. In contrast, calcium showed an increasing trend depending on the phenological state of the crop. Regarding magnesium, its absorption increased between 30 and 60 dat, then decreased towards the end of the cycle. Regarding micronutrients, an increase in the absorption of iron and manganese was observed between 30 and 60 dat, followed by a decrease until the end of the cycle, being more pronounced for manganese. Copper showed a decrease in absorption to 60 dat, with a subsequent increase towards the end of the cycle, while zinc showed a general tendency to decrease as the crop cycle progressed.Item Efecto de 3 soluciones nutritivas en el cultivo de tomate (Lycopersicum esculententum Mill.), variedad Miramar injerto en briomino, bajo invernadero(2024-11) Riofrío Moreano Víctor Paúl; Marco Oswaldo Pérez SalinasThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of three fertigation nutrient solutions on the yield of tomato crops (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.), var. Miramar graft in briomino, under a greenhouse, in the San Pedro del Quinto sector, Chambo canton, province of Chimborazo. The nutrient solutions were formulated based on a previous soil analysis and a standard solution of H, P, K, Ca, Mg which was increased by 25% and decreased by 25%; in addition to a control to which no fertigation was applied but only foliar fertilization with applications in the same weeks as the rest of the treatments. For the statistical analysis of the variables: plant height, number of fruits per cluster, weight, diameter and color of the fruit and yield, a completely randomized block design (DBCA) with three repetitions was used.Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that nutrient solution 2 generated a higher yield of the tomato crop, followed by nutrient solution 3, both located in range A, according to the Tukey test at 5%. In addition, it was determined that both nutrient solution 2 and nutrient solution 3 obtained the best results when evaluating the number of fruits, weight, diameter and color of the fruit. Finally, it was determined that nutrient solution 2 was the treatment that obtained the highest net benefit and the highest marginal return rate (MRR), being the most economical treatment and the highest yield.Item Uso de fertilización foliar con sulfato de zinc en variedades de Solanum tuberosum L. para incrementar el contenido de zinc en sus tubérculos(2024-05) Romero Larrea, Carlos Aníbal; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueIn Ecuador, there is a significant deficiency of zinc in the population's diet. One of the strategies to improve the bioavailability of this trace element is the potatoes biofortification. The experimental part of the study was carried out at the Querochaca Campus of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Technical University of Ambato, located in Cevallos canton. The research used a factorial design (A*B*C), made up of 3 factors: (A) Potato varieties (INIAP-Fripapa and Chaucha roja), (B) Number of applications in foliar fertilization (0, 1, 2 and 3) and Form of foliar application (Manual spray pump and motor spray pump), with a total of 16 treatments and three replicates. In the experiment, the plots of each treatment were 21.6 m2 , in which 30 potato seeds were sown. During data processing, the Statgraphics Centurión XVI statistician was used to find the Analysis of Variance and the Mean Comparison Tests, using Tukey (5%). The results of the research determined T16 (Chaucha roja potato - 3 applications of Zinc sulfate - Motor) as the best treatment, obtaining an increase of 19.4 mg Zn/kg potato bs. (112.14%) with regard to the control treatment. On the other hand, the maximum increase achieved in INIAP-Fripapa was in treatment T8 (INIAP-Fripapa- 3 applications of Zinc sulfate- Motor), with an increase of 5.7 mg Zn/kg potato bs. (30%) respecting to the control. To conclude, the fertilizations that were carried out with Zinc Sulfate during the cultivation of the two potato varieties resulted in an increase in zinc in the tubers, without negatively affecting the weight of harvested tubers/plant, or the yield of tubers/ha.Item Evaluación del efecto de fertilización con dos fuentes de calcio en el rendimiento de la papa (Solanum tuberosum)(2023-12) Valenzuela Coba, Katherine Gabriela; Santana Mayorga, Rita CumandáThe potato (Solanum tuberosum) is the fourth largest food crop worldwide and in Ecuador it is considered one of the main foods for families in the Ecuadorian Sierra area. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of fertilization with two sources of calcium on the yield of the Super Chola variety potato. In the experiment, two sources of calcium (Calcium Nitrate and Calcium Sulfate) and their effect on plant height, fresh and dry weight of tubers, yield and calcium content in the peel of potato tubers were evaluated. Plant height was measured at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after sowing, while the rest of the variables were evaluated at the time of harvest. At 30 and 90 days after, the highest height was reached by potato plants fertilized with calcium nitrate, followed by plants treated with calcium sulfate. Regarding the weight of the tubers, no significant differences were observed due to the effect of the calcium source applied, but the plants treated with calcium nitrate produced tubers with a higher fresh weight (86.7 g), followed by those obtained from plants treated with sulfate. of calcium (77.8 g). Although the yield of the Super Chola variety potato plants was not significantly affected by the calcium source used, both sources caused greater yield when compared to the control treatment plants. The calcium content in the peel of potato tubers varied with the treatment, being higher in tubers obtained from plants treated with calcium nitrate and sulfate, reaching values of 0.201 and 0.197%, respectively. The yield and calcium content were improved by the use of calcium as sources of additional fertilization to NPK-based fertilizers, which is why its inclusion in fertilization programs is recommended.Item Efecto del tipo y forma de fertilización sobre la inducción de resistencia al ataque de Tetranychus urticae Koch en plantas de fresa(2023-06) Villacreses Pallo, Valeria Paola; Santana Mayorga, Rita CumandáThe two-spotted mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch is included among the phytophagous mites most frequently found in most strawberry-producing areas worldwide and it is capable of damaging the crop. Due to the damage caused in this crop, the need to look for alternatives to reduce the use of chemical products is highlighted, among which the use of natural enemies in biological control programs and the use of the natural resistance of plants stand out. In this research, the effect of the type and form of fertilization on the induction of resistance to the attack of Tetranychus urticae Koch in Albion variety strawberry plants were evaluated. The effect of four types of fertilization was evaluated (F1: 100% inorganic NPK fertilization at the recommended dose applied on leaf; F2: 100% inorganic NPK fertilization at the recommended dose applied in soil; F3: 50% fertilization inorganic NPK + biofertilizer applied in soil and F4: 50% of inorganic NPK fertilization + biofertilizer applied on leaf) on oviposition, longevity and antixenosis in T. urticae in strawberry plants variety Albion. These parameters were compared with the content of total polyphenols and flavonoids. Oviposition was not affected by fertilization and varied from 5.3 eggs/female in plants that were treated with the F3 treatment to 6.4 eggs/female in plants treated with F4. On the contrary, the longevity of T. urticae females was influenced by fertilization, being significantly lower when the females were reared on leaves of plants that were treated with F3. Additionally, an effect of the type of fertilization and the sampling date was observed on the number of mites present in strawberry plants of Albion, observing that the lower preference shown by T. urticae was observed in plants treated with F3, in which found 0.67 mites/leaf, followed by plants fertilized with F1, where the number of mites was 1.18 individuals/leaf and in plants treated with F4 with 1.64 mites/leaf. Fertilization also affected the content of both phenols and total flavonoids. According to the results, the biofertilizer improved the absorption of nutrients, making them more efficient in activating the resistance mechanisms of the plant, for which it could be used to take advantage of the benefits not only in crop fertilization but also in its potential use for pest management of economic importance.Item Evaluación del comportamiento del cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) bajo diferentes niveles de nitrógeno en el cantón Colta, provincia de Chimborazo(2023-06) Cuvi Ramírez, Edisson Geovanny; López Villacís, Isabel CristinaCoriander is a crop of economic importance for its culinary and pharmaceutical uses; however, its productivity can be affected by both weather variations and deficiencies in fertilization plans. In the present investigation, the effect of the nitrogen fertilization dose on the yield and quality of the coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) crop was evaluated in Canton Colta, province of Chimborazo, using three sources of nitrogenous fertilizers (urea, ammonium nitrate and Ferthigue) were used at three doses levels (high, medium and low) on the parameters plant height, number of petioles, root length, fresh weight of the plant, time to harvest and yield in purple coriander plants. The experiment was conducted under a split plot design. As results, an interaction effect was found between the source and the dose of the fertilizer applied on the growth of coriander plant measured at 57, 70 and 90 days after sowing. In a similar way, an interaction effect between the source and fertilization dose on the fresh weight in coriander plants was detected, while only the individual effect of the fertilization source in root length and petiole number was observed. Finally, no effect of either the source or the dose was found on the number of plumules per plant or on the time to harvest. Based on the economic analysis, the highest cost-benefit ratio was achieved with urea and ammonium nitrate in the highest doses, however, given that the organic fertilizer also showed promising results, its inclusion is suggested in order to reduce the negative effect of inorganic fertilizers.Item Respuesta del maíz blanco harinoso tipo chazo a las condiciones agroclimáticas de Cevallos, Tungurahua, Ecuador(2021-07) Grefa Yumbo, Mireya Elvia; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueCorn (Zea mays L.) presents problems of low productivity due to biotic, abiotic and agronomic management factors, as well as the lack of training for corn producers in the correct management of storage systems in the field (bag silos, field silos, and cells) and the lack of research on the adaptation of native varieties. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect on yield of fertilization and planting distance of Chazo-type white floury corn, determining the best fertilization plan. The study was carried out between August and March in Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, Ecuador, using a split plot experimental design with three replications. Planting was done manually and harvesting was done in dry grain. The qualitative characteristics evaluated were at the cob and grain level, determining that 100% of the evaluated cobs showed excellent coverage, that is, the tip of the cob was very tight; 44% of the harvested cobs were conical in shape and the arrangement of the rows of grain was irregular with 43%. Finally, with regard to the surface of the grain, it was observed that 55% was round. For the quantitative descriptors analyzed: plant height (cm), number of leaves, height of ear insertion, leaf length and leaf width, once the analysis of variance was performed, no statistical differences were detected for the sources of variation fertilization, planting distances, as well as for the interaction of the two factors under study. In the analysis of variance for the variable ear weight, significant differences were identified only for the source of variation fertilization, where 100% fertilization (135 kg N, 30 kg P, 100 kg K, 18 kg Ca, 18 kg Mg, 24 kg S) was superior to the rest of the treatments. The analysis of variance for the yield variable determined that there were no statistical differences for planting distances and the interaction between factors; however, significant differences were identified for 100% fertilization. In the analysis of variance where no statistical differences were found, it can be affirmed that this is possibly due to the genetic characteristics of the native variety of Chazo corn, showing homogeneity in the material. It is recommended to carry out yield evaluations in other altitudinal zones of the Tungurahua province with the material resulting from this research, since this material showed good adaptability to soil and climatic conditions.Item Respuesta a la aplicación de N y K en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea), VAR. SK6-401 en la parroquia Mulaló.(2021-04) Aldás Arias, Edgar Patricio; Curay Quispe, SegundoThe consumption of vegetables and especially broccoli, due to the substantial contribution of nutrients in addition to its medicinal properties, as an aid in the prevention of cancer diseases; turns this into a crop of productive and commercial interest. Therefore, its management requires modernization and innovation, to achieve profitable productivity. Therefore, soil management is the fundamental basis of the development of this crop. Macronutrients in vegetables participate in fundamental functions and processes in vegetables, which affect the development and growth of crops. Hence, this research aims to determine the response of the application of N and K in broccoli var. SK6-401 in the Mulaló parish, to identify the optimal dose of N (DON) and K (DOK), its relationship with profitability in addition to carry out the economic evaluation of the treatments. This project was developed under a quantitative approach, with a type of experimental research at an applicative level. A randomized complete block design (DBCA) with three replications and an absolute control was implemented. For this, nine treatments based on fertilization were used: N and K whose application was divided into four parts during the crop cycle. The doses of N (170 kg ha-1,340 kg ha-1 and 510 kg ha-1) and K (60 kg ha-1, 120 kg ha-1 and 180 kg ha-1), which in combination were obtained the nine treatments. The days to harvest did not show a significant difference, while the variables weight, diameter and productivity showed a significant difference (P <0.05), T5 was identified through a test of means as the treatment with the best response, average pellet weight of 668 g diameter of 20 cm. While for the variables Incidence of Alternaria and Plasmodiphora it did not show significant difference. In relation to cost-1 benefit (P <0.05), T5 exceeded the average, which for this research represents a profit of 3.5 US $ for every US $ 1 invested.Item Efecto de tres fuentes y tres dosis de potasio en el rendimiento de papa china, cultivar “blanca” [Colocasia esculenta (L.) schott] en la parroquia El Triunfo, provincia de Pastaza(2021-04) Pineda Morales, Noé Efraín; Leiva Mora, MichelThe objective of this work was to determine the effect of sources and doses of K+ on the agricultural yield of Chinese potato, cultivar "white", because there is no history of similar studies in our country. During the experimental field phase at harvest time (210 days after planting, dpp) the following variables were evaluated: weight of cormels per plant, quality categories of cormels (first-class cormels 100 - 200 g, second 50 - 100 g and third less than 50 g), number of cormels per plant, weight of cormels per category and yield of cormels per hectare, benefit-cost ratio-1 (BC-1). All the sources of potassium increased agricultural yield, although the KNO3 fertilization source was the one that showed the greatest increase. When 99.6 g. plant-1 of KNO3 were applied, the highest quantity of cormels of C. esculenta cultivar “blanca” was obtained with first-rate quality. The fertilization treatment based on the application of 49.9 g. KCl's plant-1 was the one that generated the highest profit per dollar invested. However, in all treatments that used potassium sources, the profit was increased when compared to the control without fertilization. Profits ranged from US $ 0.3 to US $ 1.1 per every dollar invested.Item Aplicación de diferentes dosis de biol enriquecido con roca fosfórica en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Itálica Híbrido Legacy) utilizado como coadyuvante gel de sábila (Aloe vera)(2014-06-28) Chiluisa Guamangallo, Segundo Patricio; Velástegui Espín, Giovanny PatricioEl propósito de este trabajo de investigación fue evaluar la aplicación de diferentes dosis de Biol enriquecido con roca fosfórica en el cultivo de brócoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. itálica Híbrido Legacy) utilizando como coadyuvante gel de sábila (Aloe vera). Se estudió tres factores factor a: dosis de Biol enriquecido con roca fosfórica b1 al 5%, b2, al 10% y b3 al 15%, el factor b fue dosis de gel de sábila, s1 al 1% y s2 al 2% y el tercer factor fue frecuencias de aplicación la f1 cada 15 días y f2 cada 30 días. Los datos evaluados fueron: altura de planta a los 25, 45 y 65 días; días al aparecimiento de la pella, diámetro de la pella, días a la cosecha, peso de la pella y rendimiento. La mejor frecuencia fue la f1: cada 15 días, tuvo mayor altura de planta: a los 25 días con 13,32 cm; a los 45 días con 27,66 cm y a los 65 días con 53,55 cm. Fue más precoz con 69,43 días al aparecimiento de la pella; tuvo mayor diámetro de la pella con 14,95 cm; la cosecha fue en menores días con 88,68 mayor peso de la pella con 0,33 kg. El tratamiento más rentable fue b1s2f1.