Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial
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Item Riesgo ergonómico derivado de la actividad manual en los operarios del departamento de producción de la empresa Reencauchadora de la Sierra, Caucho Sierra S.A.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2023-09) Chuncha Ashqui, Erika Carolina; Morales Perrazo, Luis AlbertoAccording to the International Labour Organization (ILO), musculoskeletal disorders account for 59% of all occupational diseases worldwide. One of the causes of this issue is ergonomic risks associated with forced postures, repetitive movements, manual lifting of loads, among other risk factors. Therefore, the research objective is to assess the ergonomic risk arising from manual activities among the workers in the production department of the company Reencauchadora de la Sierra, Caucho Sierra S.A. The research was of a descriptive nature, based on ergonomic assessment methods within a population of six (6) males, in the areas of reaming, banding, and vulcanization; the results determined that in the vulcanization area, two workers are exposed to a high level of risk (score 10) due to postural load, evaluated using the REBA method; in the reaming area, three workers are exposed to a moderate level of disergonomic risk (score 1.5) due to manual lifting of loads evaluated by the NIOSH method, and an unacceptable level of risk (score 22.5) for repetitive movements evaluated with the OCRA method; finally, in the buffing area, one worker has an unacceptable risk level (score 22.5) due to repetitive movements evaluated with the OCRA method. It is concluded that the studied workforce population is overexposed to disergonomic risks due to postural load, manual lifting of loads, and repetitive movements that could affect their health.Item Riesgos ergonómicos por manipulación manual de cargas en mujeres indígenas usuarias de Chumbi(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2022-03) Espín Castro, Joffre Alexander; Urrutia Urrutia, FernandoA previous study by the Technical University of Ambato concluded that indigenous women who use chumbi perform very demanding agricultural activities that could contribute significantly to the musculoskeletal disorders. The present work linked to the research project "Development of a training system for the protection of the physical health of chumbi users through the creation of content using pedagogical instruments adapted to their culture and environment", corresponds to the continuation of the previous study and it is the second stage of an ergonomic intervention, the diagnosis and proposals. The diagnosis is through the assessment of the postural load in indigenous women who use chumbi in the execution of 40 different activities between agricultural and domestic. The RULA methodology was used for the assessment and the online RULER software of the Polytechnic University of Valencia was used for the photographic processing of the material collected by the members of the Research Project. As a result, in no activity the risk is acceptable, in one activity it is convenient a deepen study, 16 activities require the redesign of the task and 23 require urgent changes. The proposal for the redesign and urgent changes in the tasks is based on ergonomic recommendations expressed through 9 different training instruments: informative posters, radio messages, triptychs, manual of processes and procedures, messages in newspapers, safe procedure sheets, content for social networks, conference and video clip. In this way, the Research Project is provided with visual and auditory material and its combination for training in the aspect of: "ergonomic recommendations related to agricultural activities through the development of a didactic and illustrative manual aimed at indigenous women".Item Condiciones sub estándar de los puestos de trabajo y su incidencia en la disergonomía por carga postural del personal administrativo de la Dirección Distrital 23D01-Salud de Santo Domingo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2019) Cujilema Cujilema, Ricardo Javier; Cabrera Acosta, Andrés GonzaloEXCECUTIVE SUMARY The present work is carried out in the facilities of District Directorate 23D01-Salud of Santo Domingo, the study of the sub-standard conditions in the work posts, based on Executive Decree 2393 together with the Technical Safety Prevention Notes and Hygiene in the Work of Spain to identify the nonconformities in which the administrative personnel work. The postural load is evaluated using the RULA method in the work stations, selected from the data obtained from the surveys, allowing to obtain information from the most critically affected people originated by the substandard conditions present in their jobs. The research proposal is the development of ergonomic conditioning protocols to eliminate the substandard conditions of the jobs and avoid postural loads, which allows the redesign of jobs in areas of greater criticality beginning with the anthropometric measurements of workers of men and women obtaining a better development in their work activity, due to the conditioning of their work area towards the person, later the development of ergonomic control procedures is applied with the most predominant substandard conditions found in the study, reducing the risk to suffer damages of ergonomic origin to the worker, finally carrying out a follow-up through a risk control plan that allows to periodically evaluate the jobs that are optimal.Item Esfuerzos manuales y su implicación en el trauma acumulativo en extremidades superiores del personal de cajas de instituciones financieras(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Villena Gaibor, Luis Antonio; Morales Perrazo, Luis AlbertoEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The cumulative traumas generated in the workplace constitute a serious problem for the health of the workers in the world, being one of the main causes of human suffering and loss of productivity. The research focused on analyzing manual efforts and their involvement in cumulative upper limb trauma. The identification and evaluation of the ergonomic risk factors was developed to the five boxes of existing boxes in the study area and was done by the application of validated and recognized methods for repetitive movements such as Check List Ocra for initial analysis, complemented with the JSI (Job Strain Index) method being this specific method to determine if exposed workers have the possibility to develop cumulative traumas in upper extremities by exposure to repetitive movements; in the same way the study for postural load was developed using the REBA method. Complementary to the ergonomic evaluation, a medical examination was performed by performing maneuvers intended for the physical exploration of characteristic signs of flexion, extension, tone and strength for the detection of discomfort that respond to possible pathologies in upper limbs. The analysis showed that the highest incidence of symptomatology was found in the hands with 30%; on the other hand, 100% of the employees presented a positive response to at least one of the stimuli of the medical examination, agreeing these discomforts with the most common ones present in cumulative traumas in hands; it was also detected that the postural load originated mainly by the adoption of inappropriate postures due to the design of the position and inadequate furniture, failing 56% of the furniture with the basic technical requirements established in the technical preventive notes; This concludes the findings and recommends actions aimed at proposing measures that can mitigate the risks found, triggering in the proposal to carry out a redesign of the work post to mitigate the postural load and to apply a program of active pauses to reduce the time of exposure to repetitive movements. The main conclusion of the investigation is that in the area of boxes of the CACPE PASTAZA LTDA we detected symptoms corresponding to cumulative traumas in upper limbs and discomfort in the lumbar area, likewise there are already cases of proven professional diseases and corresponding to Syndrome Carpal tunnel, which fits exactly in the types of pathologies product of exposure to manual stresses.Item Carga postural de los trabajadores en los talleres del Gobierno Provincial de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2017-06) Palacios Escobar, Gabriel Patricio; Morales Perrrazo, Luis AlbertoLos trastornos músculo-esqueléticos (TME) provocados por posturas inadecuadas de trabajo afectan no solo al trabajador produciendo diversos tipos de enfermedades profesionales, sino también a la empresa afectando su productividad. La investigación tiene por objetivo la evaluación de la carga postural en los trabajadores de mantenimiento vehicular y equipo caminero de los talleres del Gobierno Provincial de Tungurahua. El estudio inicia mediante la identificación de los procesos principales de mantenimiento a través de un estudio de métodos. Se tiene como población de estudio 11 varones con un promedio de edad de 37 años, los TME se establecen a través de una versión adaptada del Cuestionario Nórdico de Kuorinka. La valoración de las diferentes posturas de trabajo abarca el uso de los métodos OWAS y RULA para clasificar el nivel de riesgo y su efecto sobre los operarios. Los resultados según OWAS determina que el 43,5% de posturas son forzadas y tienen la posibilidad de causar daños a varios segmentos del cuerpo, mientras que RULA indica que el 52,1% de posturas exige cambios urgentes en las metodologías de trabajo ya que ejercen condiciones negativas en la espalda y rodillas. Los segmentos corporales con mayor afección en el personal evaluado son: zona lumbar 81,8%, rodillas 72,7%, codos 45,5% y piernas 36,4%. La investigación determinó que las áreas con mayores riesgos ergonómicos son: el taller de soldadura y el taller de reparación de equipo caminero debido a las características de sus actividades. Las zonas corporales con mayor carga postural en los trabajadores son: la zona lumbar, codos y rodillas. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) caused by inadequate work positions affect not only the worker producing various types of occupational diseases, but also the company affecting their productivity. The objective of the investigation is to evaluate the postural load in the vehicular maintenance and road equipment workers of the Provincial Government of Tungurahua. The study starts by identifying the main maintenance processes through a study of methods. As a study population, 11 males with an average age of 37 years, MSD are established through an adapted version of the Kuorinka Nordic Questionnaire. The assessment of the different work positions includes the use of the OWAS and RULA methods to classify the level of risk and its effect on operators. The results according to OWAS determine that 43.5% of postures are forced and have the possibility of causing damage to several segments of the body, while RULA indicates that 52.1% of positions require urgent changes in working methodologies since they exert negative conditions on the back and knees. The most affected body segments in the evaluated staff are: lumbar area 81.8%, knees 72.7%, elbows 45.5% and legs 36.4%. The investigation determined that the areas with the greatest ergonomic risks are: the welding workshop and the repair shop of road equipment due to the characteristics of its activities. The corporal zones with greater postural load in the workers are: the lumbar zone, elbows and knees.