Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica

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    Plan de negocios para la producción y comercialización de un producto destilado a partir de dulce de cabuya (Agave americana var) en la provincia de Cotopaxi
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2024-08) Oñate Murillo, Daniela Nataly; Robalino Martínez, Dolores del Rocío
    The Cabuya Sweet or Misque is a traditional beverage from Cotopaxi; therefore, it is necessary to industrialize it into a distilled product. This work starts from a descriptive study, whose objective was to design a business plan that allows for the production and commercialization of the distilled product. The business plan includes market, technical, administrative, and financial evaluation studies. By studying the market, unmet demand was determined; the target market is aimed at consumers aged between 18 and 45 years. The technical study complied with the characterization of the raw material, obtaining a value greater than 14 degrees Brix; the pH obtained was between five and six; for fermentation, a total of six degrees Brix and a pH of five to four were obtained, in addition to having 5 percent alcohol. The analysis of the final product obtained ten degrees Brix, a pH of four, and reached 38 percent alcohol; these analyses were performed based on the INEN 1837 technical standard. The administrative study was structured, serving as the basis for the operationalization of the company. Finally, a Net Present Value (NPV) of $2,380 was determined with an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 37 percent, and the capital recovery time is around two years and three months; therefore, it is concluded that the project is financially profitable in the long term.
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    Determinación de la degradación del agua residual de los laboratorios ambientales de la Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología tratada mediante fotocatálisis (TiO2/UV)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2024-02) Guamán Chamba, Dámaris Alexandra; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    The wastewater generated by the environmental analysis laboratories of educational institutions may present contaminating compounds that need to be treated. In this project, the advanced oxidation process was investigated using titanium dioxide in suspension irradiated with UVC light, to degrade organic contaminants present in wastewater from chemical determinations of the environmental analysis laboratory of the Faculty of Food Sciences and Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato. The variation of the pH of the solution, hydrogen peroxide concentration, reaction time and level of contamination of the sample was studied. The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by COD removal efficiency. The best treatment presented a COD elimination percentage of 50,33 percent at a pH of 5,6, at a concentration of 70 milligrams per liter of hydrogen peroxide and 120 minutes of exposure, in the sample pretreated by neutralization and diluted to an organic loading concentration of 300 mg COD per liter. A high removal of other contaminants was observed, such as iron, zinc, manganese and heavy metals; Additionally, a high removal of sulfates, phosphates and nitrates was achieved. The BOD5 to COD ratio of the effluent pretreated by neutralization was 0,40, while this ratio was 0,11 for the wastewater treated by photocatalysis, which indicates that after the photocatalytic treatment, oxidation byproducts that are less biodegradable than the organic components of the pretreated effluent.
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    Identificación de posibles dianas terapéuticas para la Enfermedad de Parkinson mediante la aplicación de métodos in silico
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2024-02) Chimbo Gavilanes, Klever Javier; Galarza Galarza, Cristian Fernando
    In the exploration of possible therapeutic targets to treat Parkinson's disease through computational chemistry, drug design using docking tools is employed. This process is based on the analysis of genes such as LRRK2, where the main objective is to identify the most optimal binding sites in terms of energetic stability, considering them as possible ideal locations for protein action. In this context, virtual screening makes it possible to verify whether the complexes formed between the protein and the ligand represent a potential avenue for the investigation of a disease-specific drug. The analysis of several disease databases, such as MalaCards, Harmonizome, KEGG, OMIM, Unitpro, Disgenet, GeneReviews and Orphanet, has allowed the identification of key genes in Parkinson's disease. These genes are of great importance since, among numerous candidates, those with similarities in molecular processes and common dysfunctions were selected. The grouping and categorization of these genes facilitated the creation of a biological network of interactions using Cytoscape, accompanied by a bibliographic investigation of the metabolic pathways and the relationships between them, thanks to this approach, mutations in the LRRK2 gene were identified to then search for possible druggable sites in this molecule, with the aim of forming protein-ligand complexes. Thus, existing drugs or ligands can be analyzed by screening and evaluation of toxicological properties. In this bioinformatics study of therapeutic targets, I point out that the main ligand Losulazine presents a higher affinity of pharmacological interaction with the LRRK2 gene.
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    Caracterización de las propiedades nanoscópicas de los pétalos de las plantas Begonia semperflorens y Begonia x hiemalis
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-09) Reyes Zambrano, Over David; Casado Rojo, Santiago
    This study focuses on the characterization of nano-scale properties of the petals of Begonia semperflorens and Begonia x hiemalis plants, aiming to understand their relevance in biomimetics and the development of innovative solutions. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was employed to analyze the topography of nanostructures present on the petals. Additionally, optical analyses and contact angle measurements were conducted to investigate the petals' hydrophobic properties. Significant structural differences were observed between the studied species. Begonia x hiemalis petals displayed elongated grooves, while Begonia semperflorens petals exhibited a denser structure with smaller and sinuous edges. These differences were reflected in the contact angle measurements, with Begonia x hiemalis petals being highly hydrophobic (average contact angle of 124.622) and Begonia semperflorens petals being more hydrophilic (average contact angle of 86.473). These findings highlight the diversity and complexity of nanoscale properties in Begonia petals, with implications in biomimetics and the development of nature-inspired materials and technologies. This study provides a solid foundation for future research in the characterization of nanostructures in plants, with potential applications in various scientific and technological fields.
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    Microencapsulación del aceite de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) en combinación con el aceite esencial de eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus L.), limón (Citrus limonum.) y albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) mediante secado por aspersión
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-09) Sánchez Palacios, Abraham Rodolfo; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a common problem in vegetable oils, usually caused by exposure to different environmental conditions; natural antioxidants such as essential oils and industrial methods such as microencapsulation are commonly used to ensure the reduction of these degenerative processes and prolong their shelf life. The objective of this research is to microencapsulate sacha inchi oil in combination with the essential oils of lemon eucalyptus and basil by spray drying, using a mixture of maltodextrin, arabic gum and sacha inchi in a 1:1:1 ratio together with the essential oils in concentrations of 0.5, 0.4 and 0.5 percent respectively, with an inlet temperature of 150 degrees Celsius. Applying FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) spectrophotometry, the efficiency of microcapsulation was evidenced. Fluidity and compressibility were evaluated by means of the Hausner and Carr indices, each mixture showed relatively poor indices compared to its limit, greater than 38 for Carr and greater than 1.6 for Hausner. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the DPPH test with dilutions of 1 over 200, 250 and 300 for each mixture of microencapsulates, diluting 0.1 g of each sample in 20, 25 and 30 ml of distilled water, respectively. It was concluded that the oil mixture of sacha inchi oils together with lemon is superior in comparison to the three previously mentioned, presenting Carr and Hausner indexes of 42.23 and 1.42 respectively and an antioxidant capacity of 326.74 micromol per liter of the Trolox compound.
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    Extracción y microencapsulación de antocianinas a partir de rábano (Raphanus sativus)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-09) Chulde Osorio, Julisa Yelena; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The study of obtaining and preserving new natural pigments has been of great interest to the food industries and even more so if the natural coloring can preserve its active principle through a microsphere that protects it from external influences. The present titration work consists of the extraction of anthocyanins using 96 percent ethanol and 2.5 percent citric acid as a solvent, under the optimal conditions of a 2-squared experimental design, whose variables considered were: time and relation to plant material. with respect to the volume of solvent (MV:VD). The optimal conditions were an extraction time of 45 minutes and a MV:VD ratio of 1:30, thus obtaining a concentration of 183 mg in 100g, higher than the other treatments. The extracts characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry presented maximum absorbance values at 509 nm that correspond to antianic structures such as pelargonidin and cyanidin derivatives. In the same way, by FT-IR spectroscopy, the absorbance signals at different values of vibration frequencies that belong to the anthocyanin functional groups are clearly appreciated, so that said compound was successfully microencapsulated. The microencapsulated anthocyanins presented an encapsulation efficiency of 88.17 percent, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated at 515 nm, which determined an efficiency to inhibit the DPPH radical with 90.19 percent. Thus concluding that this legume has high antioxidant power and can be used as a functional food.
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    Determinación de las isotermas y cinéticas de adsorción de metales pesados (Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu) sobre adsorbentes de zeolita y piroclasto volcánico para el tratamiento de aguas residuales de lavadoras automotrices del cantón Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-09) Arguello Rodríguez, Diter David; Peñafiel Ayala, Rodny David
    Wastewater from human activity and industry mostly ends up in water effluents without any prior treatment, which exacerbates the level of contamination of this resource, these practices cause the decrease in water availability. Automotive washing machines generate high loads of hydrocarbons and heavy metals of which vehicles are composed, which is why the objective of the project was the determination of isotherms and kinetics of adsorbent materials on the wastewater of automotive washing machines in the Ambato canton. The present experimental research project consists of an analysis of adsorption isotherms on heavy metals with known initial concentrations of heavy metals, applying linear adjustment and models of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, for which the adsorption capacity of a porous material (pyroclast) and materials with a high degree of ion exchange (mordenite zeolite and cliptonilolite) was evaluated. In addition, the adsorption efficiency of the materials was verified on a sample of synthetic water (distilled water and metal) and one of matrix water (wastewater and metal cations), thus executing a simple adsorption process and a competitive adsorption system, for the preparation of samples the regulations of the Unified Text of Secondary Environmental Legislation (TULSMA) were taken as reference. Finally, it was shown that adsorbent materials can decrease the concentration of heavy metals in wastewater, removing up to 95 percent of the initial load of contaminants.
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    Caracterización nanoscópica de la estructura superficial de los pétalos de Begonia consobrina y Begonia micranthera
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-09) Proaño Borja, Nitzy Justin; Casado Rojo, Santiago
    Evolution in nature has created nanostructures to achieve results that can potentially be copied through nanotechnology. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides a better understanding of biological functions, structures and macroscopic phenomena of some samples by characterising their surface nanostructure. In the present study, it was explored the nanoscopic surface topography of Begonia consobrina and Begonia micranthera by means of the AFM in tapping mode. Periodicity and roughness of the topographic images obtained with the AFM were analysed. Finally, the contact angles of a drop of liquid water on the surface of Begonia measurements were correlated to the nanoscopic topography of their surfaces. Both, B. consobrina and B. micranthera, presented a range of contact angles from 77.8 to 86.12 degrees, and from 53.26 to 88.05 degrees, respectively. The measured angles correspond to hydrophilic surfaces. Measured contact angles could be related to the nanoscopic topography of the petal surfaces recorded, asymmetric surfaces, indicating a flat structure with small peaks and valleys, and higher periodicity were observed in B. consobrina.
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    Microencapsulación de doxiciclina mediante secado por aspersión
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-03) Culqui Caiza, Jenifer Tamara; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    Doxycycline is an antibiotic used to treat diseases such as rickettsiosis, pneumonia, Lyme disease, among others, therefore its conservation has been of great importance, being microencapsulation one of the most used methods. In this case, for microencapsulation as microencapsulating agent, a mixture of polymers constituted by maltodextrin - gum arabic was prepared, where a yield of 86.4 percent was obtained, while with chitosan lactate a yield of 32.2 percent was obtained, besides a color change to grayish brown, the evaluation of the microencapsulation yield was done qualitatively by the method of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, This method generates a fingerprint that presents each biological sample, on the other hand, by means of Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), the efficiency of microencapsulation was verified, where it was observed that the reading of the microencapsulated resembles the polymeric mixture, which indicates that it is microencapsulated and the physical mixture that resembles doxycycline has a slight melting peak because it is not microencapsulated.
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    Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de un extracto alcohólico de hierba mora (Solanum nigrum) frente a oídio (Oidium sp.) y fusarium (Fusarium sp.)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-03) Albán Tapia, Esteban Nicolay; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The alcoholic extract of blackberry herb was prepared by the maceration method using 70 percent ethanol as solvent. Two solutions were prepared with distilled water to obtain three treatments with concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 percent of extract, considering the extract obtained with the 100 percent concentration. The fungi were collected from rose leaves and allelis stems, and sown in petri dishes with PDA medium at 25 degrees Celsius. The antifungal activity of the extract was evaluated by disk diffusion and the diameter of the inhibition halo was measured at 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours of incubation of the inocula; in addition, 3 replicates of the conidia count at 144 hours were carried out to elaborate a completely randomized block design in which the concentration of conidia per milliliter was recorded as the variable of interest. The extract had no effect on powdery mildew since no inhibition halo was generated in the treatments prepared with the extract, and the concentration of conidia per milliliter was higher than that of the positive control treatment. As for fusarium, the treatment with 100 percent extract concentration showed the greatest inhibition halo at 48 hours, but the concentration of conidia per milliliter evaluated with extract had a higher average value than the positive control treatment, demonstrating that the extract has antifungal activity in a short period of time.