Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica

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Actividad antimicrobiana de recubrimientos de Quitosano y Ɛ-polisina en moras inoculadas con Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica y Botrytis cinerea
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-02) Cabezas Medina, María Samantha; Horvitz Szoichet, Sandra Susana
The aim of this research was to study the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and ε-polylysine coatings on blackberries (Rubus glaucus Benth) inoculated with Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica (103 cfu•g-1) and Botrytis cinerea (103 conidias•ml-1). The inoculated blackberries were stored at 6 ± 1 °C for 10 days and microbiological analyses were evaluated every two days. Maximum inhibition of E. coli growth with chitosan coating was 3,22 log cfu•g-1 and S. enterica was 3,24 log cfu•g-1 for ten days of evaluation while growth of B. cinerea was inhibited in day 8. Likewise, ε-polylysine coating inhibited S. enterica growth during ten days and, on days 8 and 10, it reduced also the proliferation of E. coli (2,88 and 3,22 log cfu•g-1, respectively) and B. cinerea. Blackberries’ acid pH enhanced both, pathogenic bacteria’s inhibition and growth of the mold B. cinerea. From this work, it was concluded that chitosan and ε-polylysine coatings have antibacterial and antifungal activity and that this activity was higher as the exposure time of the coating with the microorganisms was longer.
Actividad antioxidante de dos extractos de Arracacia xanthorrhiza (ecotipos Baños y Quinchicoto) y su efecto citotóxico in vitro sobre células HeLa
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-08) Moya Arízaga, Jenny Maribel; Carrero Castillo, Yendy Nayghit; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
Actividad antioxidante y citotóxica in vitro de Valeriana decussata y Valeriana rígida en células cancerígenas
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-03) Guacales Reinosa, Danny Alexander; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit; Vargas López, José Homero
Cancer represents a health problem worldwide, leaving with its high death rates that continue to rise. The treatments used to counteract the disease have high costs and are losing their effectiveness as cancer cells become increasingly resistant; hence the importance of looking for new therapeutic alternatives, in order to reestablish a new panorama in favor of the search for new phytocomposites extracted from plants, such as valerian species, characterized by its composition of terpenes, valeric acid, valtrates and essential oils with various anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and anti-tumor properties. The objective of the present investigation was the determination of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity in vitro of extracts obtained from Valerian decussata and Valerian rigid in the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). For this, cell viability studies were carried out using the MTT method, immunohistochemical tests, nitric oxide determination using the Griess method and the antioxidant activity with the TROLOX test. The presence of antioxidants and compounds with biological activity that acted were evidenced. beneficially over the MCF-7 cell line type.
Actividad repelente e insecticida de aceites esenciales de plantas medicinales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Medina Tierres, César Augusto; Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
Plant essential oils have long been recognized as an important natural source of pesticides and repellants. Their wide distribution in nature and their biological capacity allows them to be considered for both industrial and home use against pest control. The different activities of the human being are affected by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and insects, the latter being the ones that most influence agricultural production and health. Much of the research has focused on the use of synthetic products that have characteristics of repellency and elimination of pathogenic species and the problems they cause in the environment and the health of those who produce it, apply it and finally consume it. When carrying out a treatment or application of organic products such as essential oils in this case, these can have positive as well as negative effects, the research shows that when making a comparison of the essential oils present in plants, it will have a dependence on the dose that is applied for which the study would help in the control of different pests that greatly affect the plantations, the doses of these will depend on the percentage of purity of the oil and can range from five to thirty five per cent varying likewise its mortality rate up to ninety five per cent as occurs in the case of lemon that has sixty per cent limonene.
Actualidad de la reutilización y reciclaje de desechos provenientes de curtiembres, revisión en Ecuador y el mundo
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Anchatipán Bastidas, Dayana Mishel; Flores Tapia, Nelly Esther
Tanneries are industries whose main activity is leather tanning, to obtain products of commercial value such as: bags, shoes, wallets, jackets, belts, etc. The leather tanning process generates solid, gaseous, and liquid waste, with solid and liquid waste being the most abundant. These are discharged into water resources and landfills; due to toxic compounds they contaminate these ecosystems causing the death of their flora and fauna. Therefore, the application of recycling processes and reuse of solid waste and liquid effluents from tanneries for their use as raw material to manufacture value-added products and the reuse of the same wastewater for the tanning process. The basis of this research project consists in the collection of information using the Connected-Paper and RedCube-Paper software where it was found that the solid waste was used for the production of glues, hydrolyzed collagen, production of gelatin and amino acids, biofuels. , fatliquoring for leather and biogas, while chrome is recovered from liquid effluents for transformation into chrome salts reused as a tanning agent, which is why this project aims to make the feasibility of applying recycling and reuse process strategies that are used worldwide for solid waste and liquid effluents generated by Ecuadorian tanneries, promoting the reduction of these wastes and the reduction of the environmental impact caused by them in Ecuador.
Aislamiento e identificación de levaduras a partir de efluentes de curtiembres tungurahuenses y caracterización en función a la Tolerancia a cromo (Cr) VI.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-03) Salazar Jácome, Pablo Andréss; Serrano Bueno, Gloria
Tungurahua is an Ecuadorian province, which is considered one of the most important in terms of leather production and which owns on its territory 80% of the tanneries of the country. Tanneries represent a significant environmental problem due to the contamination they generate. These industries use Cr salts in the tanning process, which in turns generate effluents with high content of this material and once these get in contact with the environment, toxic effects are generated in the biota. This report evaluates the potential of native yeasts to tolerate Cr (VI). In order to achieve this, the yeasts of two tanneries effluents were isolated: a traditional and an industrialized one. There were established 1-9 test points depending on each case, starting from the reception phase until obtaining the final product, isolating in the process twenty five yeast strains. In terms of methodology, great emphasis was laid upon the molecular tools in order to identify the genera and specie of the isolated yeasts, which lead to identify eleven different species. The phylogenetic analysis classified them in three categories and in two families (Basidiomycota and Ascomycota). In order to determine stress tolerance to Cr (VI), triplicate assays were developed by using the drop plate method in presence of the metal. This allowed to observe that Candida parapsilosis, Candida zeylanoides, Rhodosporidium diobovatum, Candida humilis, Trichosporon otae y Zygowilliopsis califórnica were strains showed growth in the presence of Cr ( VI ), which in turn are suggested as a clean and autochthonous alternative to be used in the bioremediation processes for this kind of contamination.
Aislamiento y caracterización de cepas nativas de Komagataeibacter xylinus y comparación de su crecimiento en diferentes sustratos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Dávalos Cerrón, Patricia Yissel; Cerda Mejía, Liliana Alexandra
Komagataeibacter xylinus is the most efficient species, being able to synthesize bacterial cellulose biofilms (CB) from a great variety of carbon sources. This biopolymer has received considerable attention on the last few years due to diverse commercial applications, especially in the food industry and biomedical due to its high purity and variety in form and texture. In the present study, native strains of K. xylinus were isolated and characterized from acetic sources such as wine, wine vinegar and kombucha SCOBY in the media H-S and GYC comparing its production with the strain from control K. xylinus DSM 2004 in the different carbon sources (glucose, whey and ethylene glycol) in static cultivation. Two strains were isolated from the kombucha SCOBY. The results revealed that both strains denominated PDC 21 and PDC 25, and the control strain synthesized CB in different amounts from the glucose, ethylene glycol and fermented milk serum. The strain PDC 25 produced almost 8 more times CB than the strain control in the standard H-S medium compared with PDC 21 that only synthesized 0.4 times the CB humid, meanwhile with ethylene glycol PDC 25 synthesized 1.4 and 3.46 more times CB in the media H-S ethylene glycol and K- ethylene glycol respectively compared by the control strain. However, K xylinus DSM 2004 produced larger amounts of CB in the media that contained fermented milk serum.
Aislamiento y caracterización de hongos entomopatógenos presentes en el suelo de las diferentes zonas agrícolas de la Provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Ortiz Villacís, José Alejandro; García Solís, Mario Daniel
The research was developed in the in vitro culture laboratory of the BIOSEBORGANICS CIA Company. LTDA., In the period November 2020 - May 2021. 23 soil samples were collected from different agricultural sectors of the Province of Tungurahua: Pelileo (6), Santa Rosa (4), Unamuncho (6) and Quisapincha (7). Galleria mellonella larvae were used as a bait trap to detect, isolate and purify entomopathogenic fungi, obtaining 200 larvae to evaluate per generation. Based on the macroscopic and microscopic characterization, the percentage of 56.52 samples gave positive results regarding the presence of fungi. Metarhizium sp. It was detected in 10 strains (percentage of 45.45) presenting cottony characteristics of olive green color in the center, irregular mycelium and a greenish-yellow coloration on the reverse; Candelabrum-shaped branched conidiophores with two or three branches each, slightly ellipsoidal cylindrical conidia, forming long chains, some attached laterally. Beauveria sp. in 7 strains (percentage 31.82) with a white cottony texture, irregular mycelium and a yellow coloration on the reverse; conidiogenic cells typical of the species and sub globose-ellipsoidal conidia and Paecilomyces sp. in 5 strains (percentage equal to 22.73) of cottony initial texture of grayish brown color, irregular mycelium and cream color on the back; It presented branched conidiophores with up to six phialides and ovoid conidia. These entomopathogenic fungi found in the different agricultural areas of Tungurahua open the field for the control of pests that affect the crops of the region through Biotechnology.
Análisis bioinformático de bacterias con capacidad degradadora de hidrocarburos
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-01) Guerra Ortiz, Jessica Estefanía; Terán Mera, David Andrés
The bioinformatic analyzes carried out focused on hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and the mechanisms they use for the degradation of these compounds. It seeks to understand the evolution of these over time, considering the evolutionary and structural relationship of certain enzymes (monooxygenase and dioxygenases), among these: benzene 1,2-monooxygenase, phenol 2-monooxygenase, toluene 2-monooxygenase, toluene methyl monooxygenase, toluene dioxygenase and toluene 2-monooxygenase. The meta-analysis process consisted of determining the bacteria capable of degrading hydrocarbons, as well as the definition of the metabolic routes used for the transformation of toluene and benzene and the corresponding enzymes (Total: 7). The phylogeny process of the enzymes was carried out based on hydrocarbons (toluene and benzene), a BLAST of each of the enzymes was carried out and individual and group phylogenetic trees were constructed. Based on this information, the evolution of enzymes was understood, and common ancestors were defined, obtaining that there are still conserved sequences among all enzymes. The last analysis performed was the structural analysis of 5 enzymes, where they were compared with each other, thus defining the structural similarity. Based on this, it was obtained that there are partial similarities between the enzymes, which participate in the different metabolic pathways, as stated above. The study of this work is important because each of the results obtained may contribute to the development of synthetic enzymes at an industrial level, for greater efficiency in the bioremediation of soils and waters contaminated by oil spills.
Análisis bioinformático de péptidos con actividad antimicrobiana
(2022-03) Acosta Bustos, Daniela Estefanía; García Solís, Mario Daniel
This project was made with the purpose of studying the great antimicrobial potential of different proteins like response to developing of resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to conventional antimicrobial compounds. To reach this goal, a total of 126 peptides was collected and analyzed from the PDB and UniProt. The analyzed proteins belong to various species and have been into 12 groups such as cecropins, magainins, bombinins, dermaseptins, cathelicidins, brevinins, esculentins, ranalexins, defensins, drosocins, PR- 39 and gaeugerins. Multiple sequence alignment showed that peptides have highly conserved regions, which generate folding patterns responsible for their activity. When ordering the 126 antimicrobial peptides into 4 groups according to their secondary structure, a high conservation was identified between peptides of different classes and origin, this explains the similarities that these peptides present when interacting with the phospholipid bilayer of microorganisms, proving that the most used mechanisms of action is the “barrel stave” mode, the amphipathicity of these molecules allows the hydrophobic end to interact with the lipid core of the membrane, while the hydrophilic end is directed inwards, producing an aqueous pore. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum likelihood method for each class of antimicrobial peptides. From this analysis it was concluded that although the analyzed sequences belong to different species, these are related because they maintain the same evolutionary line and mechanism of action. In summary, this study offers a starting pint for the identification of peptides of interest through the use of open databases, which potentially antimicrobial activity.
Análisis Bromatológico de la carne de conejo comercializada en la provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Solís Gavilanes, Juan Carlos; Pérez Aldas, Lander Vinicio
Whether it is a social aspect or an ancestor, rabbit meat has positioned itself as a rich variety in protein, low in fat and cholesterol, making it a very accessible option in the Province of Tungurahua, especially in the cantons of Cevallos, Quero and Ambato. However, there are places where this product is marketed without providing quality indexes that support an optimal product for human consumption. The handling, treatment, packaging, among other parameters must comply with both national and international standards such as: INEN NTE, ISO, FSSC, BRGS, etc. This safety culture is essential for a product to go to the market. Therefore, this project had the purpose of providing bromatological standards that stands up in the country and its instrumental methods described for rabbit meat. The bromatological analysis that was carried out, allowed to obtain ranges of: pH (5.022 plus-minus 0.0099 to 5.865 plus- minus 0.0148), acidity (0.403 plus-minus 0.0159 to 0.480 plus-minus 0.0211), CRA (23.092 percent, plus-minus 1.419 to 25.009 percent, plus-minus 1.414), Protein (19.39 percent, plus-minus 0.2687 to 28.58 percent, plus-minus 0.1273), humidity (73.960 percent, plus-minus 0.834 to 77.025 percent, plus-minus 0.1628) and fats (1.4027 percent, plus-minus 0.0142 to 1.5245 percent, plus-minus 0.0313).
Análisis comparativo características físicas y fitoquímicas del aceite de ricino generado en semillas de ecotipos autóctonos de higuerilla (Ricinus communis) en Tungurahua y Manabí
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2014) Correa salgado, María de Lourdes; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos Alberto
La higuerilla es un arbusto que crece silvestre en la mayor parte de las regiones ecuatorianas, por lo que para realizar un análisis comparativo de esta especie según su zona de procedencia, se escogió a las provincias de Manabí y Tungurahua. En Manabí las muestras se recolectaron en San Vicente, Bahía de Caráquez y Chone, en Tungurahua en los cantones Baños, Patate y Ambato. Al evaluar las características morfométricas de las semillas se establece diferencia estadística significativa,mientras que curiosamente la cantidad de aceite de las semillas de estas zonas es parecido. La influencia climática de cada provincia incide al evaluar humedad de las semillas tanto con cáscara como sin ella, mientras que valores porcentuales de cáscara y almendra son influenciados por suelos y climas de cada cantón. Esta semillas al someterse al tamizaje fitoquímico muestran en su composición alcaloides y aceites fijos, siendo este último compuesto el que se conoce popularmente como aceite de ricino o de castor, el cual se extrajo por prensado y difusión en solventes. Al determinar parámetros de densidad, humedad y cenizas del aceite se establece que son muestras homogéneas sin importar su procedencia, ya que sus variaciones no alteran en el resultado estadístico, pero al evaluar la viscosidad y color, se observa variación en el óleum ricin, estas características dependen de la zona de recolección de las muestras. Los resultados obtenidos son fundamentales para futuras investigaciones,que brinden datos específicos de útiles compuestos bioactivos de esta oleaginosa, o establecer a esta planta como un cultivo potencial de la serranía ecuatoriana,mostrando intersecciones entre la agricultura y la biotecnología.
Análisis comparativo de las proteínas espiga de los coronavirus: MERS CoV, SARS CoV y SARS CoV-2 y sus respectivos receptores
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-03) Nauque Villacís, Jason Damian; Terán Mera, David Andrés
At the end of 2019, the discovery of a new coronavirus with the capacity to infect humanswas reported. This coronavirus causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARSCoV- 2). Being the seventh virus of this family that has entered the human being, concern arises about the capacities that these viruses have to adapt to new hosts. This is how the spike proteins of hCoVs were analyzed, with a main emphasis on those with pathogenic and virulent capacities, without neglecting hCoVs. The spike protein is responsible for receptor recognition, as well as being part of the genome that mutates the most in all CoVs. For this reason, the conserved sites of those hCoVs were analyzed. In the present work, the conserved sites of the receptor binding domains (RBD) were analyzed. A phylogenetic analysis was carried out to determine the proximity with other CoVs of animal origin and hypothesize the CoVs with zoonotic capacity.
Análisis comparativo de métodos de extracción de metabolitos secundarios producidos por tres especies de plantas medicinales nativas del Ecuador
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Apolo Cumbicos, Luis Santiago; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
The need to carry out sustained scientific studies on the biological activities of the bioactive components of medicinal plants will undoubtedly allow the advancement of science in Ecuador, since many of these plants are used as an alternative to medicines, but there is still no complete characterization of their phytochemical potential in the country. Based on this problem, and taking into account the initial stages of recognition of bioactive compounds of medicinal plants, this study was based on the comparative analysis of literature corresponding to the methods of extraction of secondary metabolites of Borage (Borago officinalis), Essence of Rose (Pelargonium graveolens) and Paico (Dysphania ambrosioides) plants native to Ecuador, which worldwide have been characterized and used in industries for the development of perfumes, cosmetics and in general products containing their bioactive compounds. This bibliographic review presents results and important information of investigations that compare certain extraction techniques such as: Hydrodistillation, Soxhlet, Ultrasound, microwaves and supercritical fluids. In addition, summary tables of the bioactive compounds responsible for pharmacological actions and In vivo and In vitro assays that have been carried out with Borage, Rose Essence and Paico extracts are presented. In order to focus this work, we have chosen in particular studies that demonstrate the antioxidant and antimicrobial action present in the constituents of the plants under study. The analysis presented in this review aims to become an explanatory information tool for researchers wishing to perform secondary metabolite extractions in general with medicinal plants.
Análisis comparativo de secuencias de genoma completo de Salmonella entérica serovar Infantis de origen humano y animal
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Sánchez Guerrero, Alex Xavier; Calero Cáceres, William Ricardo
Advances in the development of molecular and bioinformatics tools now allow for a faster and more efficient epidemiological investigation of infectious diseases. Whole genome sequencing represents one of the most revolutionary methodologies in the study of pathogens and is becoming a tool commonly used by several health control agencies (CDC, EFSA), as well as by academia. Salmonella enterica constitutes one of the main pathogens causing diseases around the world, thus, among its different non-typhoidal serovars, Infantis constitutes one of the most relevant from the epidemiological point of view, due to the evolution of virulence mechanisms, dissemination and antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, in the present study, a comparative analysis of whole genome sequences of S. infantis from different origins was performed. Five complete genome sequences of human origin belonging to the ST32 type, the detection of 3 pathogenicity islands, the presence of IncFIB type plasmids, genotypic profiles of antibiotic resistance and a phylogenetic analysis between isolates of Ecuadorian origin and representative isolates from different parts of the world were characterized. The phylogenetic distances evidenced close relationships between Ecuadorian isolates with countries of the South American Pacific profile and the United States, which could be a shared common ancestor. Finally, with respect to resistance genes, Ecuadorian isolates show resistance mechanisms for fosfomycins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines and the presence of the clinically relevant beta-lactamase blaCTX-M-65.
Análisis cuantitativo del material particulado sedimentable con variables metereológicas en 13 estaciones de la ciudad de Ambato
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-10) Bermeo Acurio, Adrián Vinicio; Sánchez Almeida, Miguel Andrés
The current research consists in an evaluation on the environmental pollution caused by the Sedimentable Particulated Material (SPM) in Ambato city, that was elaborated in order to establish measure that decrease their concentrations. It was done out from January to June 2016 with a monitoring liability wherein 13 points located in: Luis A. Martínez, Techo Propio, Bomberos Ingahurco, ESFORSE, Mercado Modelo, Izamba,San Alfonso, Huachi Chico, DTTM, Huachi La Magdalena, Santa Rosa, family park and Judicial Council. The method used was Bergerhoff, dealt pitchers of 15 cm diameter, vessels of precipitation, stir rod, heating, stove, dryer sheet and a balance with which the gravimetric study was conducted and the number of SPM was calculated for 30 days. The experimental design was block design with Statgraphics software to find the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey. The statistical results showed that there is a significant difference in the concentrations at all sampling points, the highest value is recorded in the field of Huachi guy with an average of 1.50 mg/cm² * 30 d in every month. The stations that are governed within the who and TULSMA rules are: ESFORSE (0.413 mg/cm² * 30 d), fire Ingahurco (0.425 mg/cm² * 30 d) and Luis. Martinez (0.458 mg/cm² * 30 d). In conclusion that there are high values of SPM in several areas of the city, which can influence in the people health.
Análisis de la resistencia a estrés por metales pesados de levaduras aisladas del canal de riego Latacunga - Salcedo - Ambato.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-03) Quinaluisa Calvopiña, Nancy Elizabeth; Serrano Bueno, Gloria
The Latacunga – Salcedo – Ambato irrigation channel (LSAIC) supplies important agricultural areas in the Cotopaxi and Tungurahua provinces, in which products are distributed all throughout Ecuador. The proximity of the Tungurahua and Cotopaxi volcanoes jointed to the discharges of the canal for tanneries, textile industries, wastewaters, slaughterhouses, factories, hospitals, and agricultural products, make this ecosystem susceptible space for contamination by heavy metals. The resistance analysis of native yeasts of this channel to heavy metal stress using a preliminary concentration of 0.2 and 2 mM showed a high resistance to Zn (100% of the species) and Pb (76.92%). On the contrary, Cd was the most tolerated heavy metal, since only 53.85% of fungal species showed growth in the presence of 0.2mM of the metal. Five of yeast strains showed tolerance to all heavy metals under study, Pichia kluyveri, Candida oleophila, Pichia fermentans, Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum and Metschnikowia pulcherrima. Although, only seven yeast strains were resistant to 0.2mM of Cd (Cryptococcus faraegula and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa), two of them resisted high concentrations of 2 mM of this metal in a second drop growth experiment. The analysis of contamination by Cd, in the LSAIC, showed that this extreme ecosystem acts as perfect niche for organisms characterized by their ability to adapt limiting conditions.
Análisis de la resistencia a estrés por metales pesados de levaduras aisladas del volcán Tungurahua, Ecuador.
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-03) Moreta Changoluisa, María Fernanda; Serrano Bueno, Gloria
Contaminated with high concentrations of heavy metals ecosystems are a determining factor in the evolution of cell physiology of certain species of microorganisms, as they induce selection mechanisms that allow them to survive and adapt to changing conditions thereof, as it is the Tungurahua volcano. From the analysis of resistance to heavy metal stress of 10 strains of yeasts isolated from this volcanic ecosystem, could be obtained robust and viable species after treatment with increasing concentrations of heavy metals such as Zn, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cu. Metschnikowia and Rhodotorula pulcherrima were mucilaginous species showed great resilience to stress caused by all heavy metals under study, as they grew in media supplemented with; 2mM Zn, Pb, Ni and Cr, Cd and 0.2mm, and Cu, respectively. Against stress caused by a concentration of 2 mM Cu, 9 species of highly resistant yeasts and great cell viability was found, which is the metal most tolerated by the biota of the Tungurahua volcano. Despite the high toxicity of Cd, two strains of yeast was obtained; Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Cryptococcus gastricus that were resistant to a significant amount of this metal 1mM. Three resistant to high concentrations of 10mM Zn strains were also found; Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Metschnikowia sp and Candida sake. With the results obtained yeast strains isolated from a natural source of environmental pollution, with the potential to tell the resistance to heavy metal stress becoming species suitable for application in bioremediation of polluted ecosystems with heavy metals such as Cu are displayed , Zn and Cd.
Análisis de las características fitoquímicas y propiedades farmacológicas del género Hypericum existente en la zona andina del Ecuador
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Robalino Moreira, Bryan Andrés; Tubón Usca, Irvin Ricardo
Traditional medicine is considered by the World Health Organization as a fundamental pillar in the community’s health. The genus Hypericum belongs to the Hyperiaceae family and is distributed throughout the world with around 500 species, of which the most studied is H. perforatum. In Ecuador, 8 species of this genus have been registered in the Andean zone, these are: H. aciculare, H. canadense, H. lancioides, H. laricifolium, H. montanum, H. silenoides, H. sprucei y H. strictum. The purpose of this study was to collect research on the phytochemical composition and pharmaceutical applications of the species of the genus Hypericum present in the Andean zone of Ecuador. Articles and documents related to the proposed topic, published in scientific databases, were analyzed using certain inclusion criteria such as scientific publications made in English and Spanish since 2015. 110 articles were collected, of which 86 were used for this research. Regarding the phytochemical composition in this study, they were classified into four groups as: anthraquinone derivatives, phloroglucinols, flavonoids and polyphenols. These compounds are very important, since the different biological applications attributed to the species of this genus depend on them, for example, antidepressant activity that is the main characteristic attributed to H. perforatum, and which only H. laricifolium and H. silenoides have. These molecules are also responsible for the hypuglycemic, antioxidant, cardioprotective, anticancer, antimicrobial activity, among others. No relevant information was found for this study on H. canadense, H. sprucei, and H. strictum.
Análisis de las características fitoquímicas, propiedades farmacológicas, usos y aplicaciones más comunes de la Chilca (Baccharis latifolia) en el Ecuador
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Sandoval Velasco, Maritza Elizabeth; Tubón Usca, Irvin Ricardo
The need to find new products to treat common pathologies such as colds, muscle aches, colic and more, has driven the population to use medicinal plants due to their easy access, especially in rural populations. This has placed Baccharis latifolia in a source of research on all the properties and benefits that can be obtained from it. The objective of this research was to analyze the most common phytochemical characteristics, pharmacological properties, uses and applications of B. latifolia in Ecuador, evaluating the phytochemical compounds in the mixture of aqueous extracts and essential oils. The information was compiled from 80 scientific articles according to the theme and that were available in different databases with foundations that contribute to the development of the bibliographic review. In this review, the functional groups present in this species are described together with the secondary metabolites identified in the phytochemical screening. Limonene and germacrene D are the most representative compounds of this shrub which, together with the other 28 substances, give B. latifolia anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer and analgesic properties. In turn, they are also used in a traditional way by the Ecuadorian and Latin American populations for the relief of colic, diarrhea, blows, wounds and sprains.