Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica

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Actividad repelente e insecticida de aceites esenciales de plantas medicinales
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Medina Tierres, César Augusto; Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
Plant essential oils have long been recognized as an important natural source of pesticides and repellants. Their wide distribution in nature and their biological capacity allows them to be considered for both industrial and home use against pest control. The different activities of the human being are affected by pathogens such as fungi, bacteria, viruses and insects, the latter being the ones that most influence agricultural production and health. Much of the research has focused on the use of synthetic products that have characteristics of repellency and elimination of pathogenic species and the problems they cause in the environment and the health of those who produce it, apply it and finally consume it. When carrying out a treatment or application of organic products such as essential oils in this case, these can have positive as well as negative effects, the research shows that when making a comparison of the essential oils present in plants, it will have a dependence on the dose that is applied for which the study would help in the control of different pests that greatly affect the plantations, the doses of these will depend on the percentage of purity of the oil and can range from five to thirty five per cent varying likewise its mortality rate up to ninety five per cent as occurs in the case of lemon that has sixty per cent limonene.
Efecto antimicrobiano de un recubrimiento activo con aceite esencial de flor de canela en mora de castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-08) Cáceres Navas, Juan Carlos; Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
The blackberry is considered native of South America, occurs in the central inter-Andean zone of Ecuador, being Tungurahua one of the provinces with the highest production. It is known to contain nutritional and antioxidant characteristics that contribute to the body. Due to its soft texture in its drupes and its poor post harvest handling, they make it labile and perishable in a very short time. In this work, a coating based on achira flour was evaluated with and without the addition of 1 percent cinnamon flower essential oil against a control sample of blackberry. Microbiological, sensory, physicochemical, colorimetric and texture analyzes were performed to determine the effect of the coating. Positive results were obtained in the coating with cinnamon flower essential oil; since it is the one that presents the best microbial attack. A decrease of 1.32 and 1.17 log cfu for every gram less than MC and RC respectively in RC-AE was reported; while on day 8 it presented 1.38 and 1.33 log cfu for every gram less than MC and RC respectively. Cinnamon essential oil shows an effective antimicrobial activity and health benefits, which is why it is considered a potential food additive.
Elaboración de gel antibacterial a partir de alcohol artesanal con hidrolato de manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla) y aceite esencial de naranja (Citrus spp.)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Aldás Paredes, Leonardo Ismael; Robalino Martínez, Dolores del Rocío
This research arises as an alternative to take advantage of the antimicrobial and cosmetic properties of orange peel essential oil and chamomile hydrolate, also seeks to make better use of these food waste and extraction by-products. In addition, the use of craft alcohol instead of industrial alcohol is intended to help the economic development of the enterprises (alcohol producers) emerged in pandemic and to reduce the production costs of the antibacterial gel. Orange essential oil (extraction yield of 0.22 wt.percent) and chamomile hydrolate were obtained by steam distillation and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, the artisanal alcohol was rectified from 61 to 80-81 Gay-Lussac degrees by distillation. Five formulations of the antibacterial gel (at 70 percent alcohol by weight) were prepared and the effect of the concentration of orange essential oil (0,1; 0,5; 1; 1,5 and 2 percent by weight) on its viscosity was studied with a completely randomized experimental design; additionally, organoleptic tests were carried out by sensory analysis applied to 10 evaluators of different ages and professions with a balanced incomplete block experimental design. The concentration of essential oil in the formulation influenced the viscosity of the final product, also presented significant differences between the color, odor and consistency of the antibacterial gel. The formulation most liked by the evaluators was the one containing 1,5 percent by weight of orange essential oil (GAF4).
Estudio de factibilidad en la implementación de una planta de producción de maquillaje líquido orgánico a base de aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), aceite esencial de lavanda (Lavandula officinalis), aceite esencial de cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) y cacao (Theobroma cacao) en el cantón Pujií de la provincia de Cotopaxi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-01) Herrera Rodríguez, Ana Belén; Valencia Silva, Alex Fabian
Due to the presence of skin problems such as acne and allergies caused by the use of chemicals in women aged 15 to 40 years, the financial feasibility to produce and market a new organic liquid base. For which several studies were conducted, including a market, technical and financial study, which demonstrate the acceptance and feasibility of the new cosmetic in the province of Cotopaxi. In the market study, a survey was applied to women who are within the aforementioned age range, thereby determining the unsatisfied demand and the level of acceptance of the new product. The technical study established the best location and distribution of the plant of said project, analysis which contains the design, installed and used capacity based on the raw material required and equipment necessary for the production of the organic liquid base, complemented with the characteristics technical and physical Finally, within the economic and financial study, a Net Present Value (NPV) of 25.938,06 dollars was determined with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 12,66 percent, an Equilibrium Point (PE) of 48.450,47 dollars, a return on investment of 67,95 percent, at the end of the fifth year of production, a benefit on the cost of 2,02 dollars and a recovery time of the investment of four years, seven months and nine days, data indicating the profitability of said project.
Estudio de factibilidad en la implementación de una planta de producción de maquillaje líquido orgánico a base de aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis), aceite esencial de lavanda (Lavandula officinalis), aceite esencial de cúrcuma (Curcuma longa) y cacao (Theobroma cacao) en el cantón Pujií de la provincia de Cotopaxi
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-01) Jiménez Álvarez, Dayana Nataly; Valencia Silva, Alex Fabian
Due to the presence of skin problems such as acne and allergies caused by the use of chemicals in women aged 15 to 40 years, the financial feasibility to produce and market a new organic liquid base. For which several studies were conducted, including a market, technical and financial study, which demonstrate the acceptance and feasibility of the new cosmetic in the province of Cotopaxi. In the market study, a survey was applied to women who are within the aforementioned age range, thereby determining the unsatisfied demand and the level of acceptance of the new product. The technical study established the best location and distribution of the plant of said project, analysis which contains the design, installed and used capacity based on the raw material required and equipment necessary for the production of the organic liquid base, complemented with the characteristics technical and physical Finally, within the economic and financial study, a Net Present Value (NPV) of 25.938,06 dollars was determined with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 12,66 percent, an Equilibrium Point (PE) of 48.450,47 dollars, a return on investment of 67,95 percent, at the end of the fifth year of production, a benefit on the cost of 2,02 dollars and a recovery time of the investment of four years, seven months and nine days, data indicating the profitability of said project.
Estudio de factibilidad en la implementación de una planta de producción de una pomada terapéutica antiinflamatoria a base de aceite esencial de cáñamo (Cannabis sativa ssp. Sativa), aceite esencial de romero (Salvia rosmarinus) y aceite esencial de lavanda (Lavandula officinalis) en el cantón Ambato de la provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Ushigua Sadva, Jefferson Danilo; Robalino Martínez, Dolores del Rocío
Low back pain is a condition that causes pain in muscles and tendons, caused by agricultural activities and sedentary work, with a high incidence in people between 25 and 55 years of age. Given this problem, an anti-inflammatory ointment based on essential oils such as cannabis, rosemary and lavender was developed to reduce pain due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. A feasibility study was carried out taking into account the market, technical and economic studies, where the product demand was analyzed through surveys carried out to a target market, having a good acceptability of the ointment by the surveyed population, covering 4.42 percent in the first year. In the technical study, the location was determined using the weighted factors method and the optimal distribution of the plant with the different production processes and implementation of machinery, equipment, infrastructure and trained personnel. Once the anti-inflammatory ointment was produced, its label and information was designed with its respective packaging, and the necessary capacity for its respective commercialization was obtained. Finally, the economic study was evaluated with financial indicators, giving a net present value (NPV) of 450,673, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 175 percent, a break-even point (EP) of 2118 units, as well as a profit of 3.23 times the investment cost, in a recovery period of 1 year, 5 months and 4 days, which indicates that the project is profitable.
Estudio de factibilidad en la implementación de una planta de producción de una pomada terapéutica antiinflamatoria a base de aceite esencial de cáñamo (Cannabis sativa ssp. Sativa), aceite esencial de romero (Salvia rosmarinus) y aceite esencial de lavanda (Lavandula officinalis) en el cantón Ambato de la provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Garcés Freire, Lorena Carmelina; Robalino Martínez, Dolores del Rocío
Low back pain is a condition that causes pain in muscles and tendons, caused by agricultural activities and sedentary work, with a high incidence in people between 25 and 55 years of age. Given this problem, an anti-inflammatory ointment based on essential oils such as cannabis, rosemary and lavender was developed to reduce pain due to its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. A feasibility study was carried out taking into account the market, technical and economic studies, where the product demand was analyzed through surveys carried out to a target market, having a good acceptability of the ointment by the surveyed population, covering 4.42 percent in the first year. In the technical study, the location was determined using the weighted factors method and the optimal distribution of the plant with the different production processes and implementation of machinery, equipment, infrastructure and trained personnel. Once the anti-inflammatory ointment was produced, its label and information was designed with its respective packaging, and the necessary capacity for its respective commercialization was obtained. Finally, the economic study was evaluated with financial indicators, giving a net present value (NPV) of 450,673, an internal rate of return (IRR) of 175 percent, a break-even point (EP) of 2118 units, as well as a profit of 3.23 times the investment cost, in a recovery period of 1 year, 5 months and 4 days, which indicates that the project is profitable.
Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de una planta de producción de un exfoliante anti-acné en base a aceites esenciales de romero (Rosmarinus officinalis) y árbol de té (Melaleuca alternifolia), en el cantón Ambato de la provincial de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-01) Luna Echeverría, Stephanie Michelle; Valencia Silva, Alex Fabian
Acne begins in adolescence, a very important stage in emotional and physical development in which the personal image is fundamental. Therefore, it is common to see how this ailment that is not serious can create important psychological problems, given this problem, the financial feasibility of producing and marketing an exfoliant as an organic cosmetic product based on rosemary essential oils (Rosmarinus officinalis) was developed and tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) for the control of acne in adolescents. A market, technical and financial study was developed to check the acceptance of the new product in the province of Tungurahua. For the market study, a survey was applied to adolescents aged 15 to 19, where the needs, requirements and demand of cosmetic products that they used to control their acne problem were discovered, in order to determine the unsatisfied demand and the degree of acceptance of the new product. The technical study determined the location and distribution of the plant, including the design, its installed and used capacity based on the raw material and equipment necessary for the production process of the new product to be marketed, along with the description of its technical characteristics. Finally, an economic and financial analysis was performed where a Net Present Value (NPV) of 63,356 dollars was obtained with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 28 percent, a Balance Point (PE) of 446,844 dollars, a benefit on the cost of 1.45 and an investment recovery time of three years and nine months, which demonstrates the profitability of the project.
Estudio de factibilidad para la implementación de una planta de producción de un nematicida en base a aceites esenciales de orégano (Origanum vulgare) y tomillo (Thymus vulgaris), en el cantón Ambato de la provincia de Tungurahua
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-09) Villacreses Varas, Andrés Enrique; Valencia Silva, Alex Fabian
In the presence of root-knot nematodes in tree tomato crops, the financial feasibility of producing and marketing a new nematicide of organic origin based on essential oils of oregano (Origanum vulgare) and thyme (Thymus vulgaris), for the care of tamarillo crops was developed. A market, technical and financial study was carried out to verify the acceptance of the new product in the province of Tungurahua. For the market study a validated survey was applied to the producers of the Agricultural Production Units of tamarillo, where the needs, requirements and demand of agrochemicals and nematicides by the farmers were known, in order to determine the unmet demand and the degree of acceptance of the new product. The technical study determined the location and distribution of the plant, including the design, its installed and used capacity based on the raw material and equipment necessary for the production of the new product to be marketed, along with the description of its technical characteristics. Finally, an economic and financial analysis was performed where a Net Present Value (NPV) of 8714.34 dollars was obtained with an internal rate of return (IRR) of 38.58 percetn, an Equilibrium Point (PE) of 30,561.26 dollars a return on investment of 103.33 percent at the end of the fifth year of production, a benefit on the cost of 1.11 and an investment recovery time of three years a month and eleven days, which demonstrates the profitability of the project.
Evaluación de la actividad nematicida in vitro de aceites esenciales frente a Meloidogyne
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-10) Iler Iler, Diana Carolina; Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
Plant-parasitic nematodes from the genus Meloidogyne attack a great number of species of plants and their control is based on the application of chemical products which causes problems for the people and the environment. Therefore organics alternatives are being sought. In this sense the essential oils whit proven biocide activity against microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria and even insects, represent a viable alternative to the use of chemical nematicidas. In this research was evaluated the nematicidal activity of 4 types of essential oil (oregano, thyme, eucalyptus y rosemary) at three different concentrations (0.25 percent, 0.50 percent, 0.75 percent v/v) against second stage juvenile (J2) of Meloidogyne spp extracted from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) roots, during 48 hours at different time periods. Although, all essential oils showed higher nematicidal activity at 0.75 percent concentration, essential oils from oregano and thyme were significantly better than those of eucalyptus and rosemary, achieving a mortality percentage of 100 percent after 8 hours of exposure for the oregano essential oil and 100 percent mortality at 24 hours for thyme. In addition, damage was evaluated in J2 nematodes exposed to essential oils by means of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The structure of the nematodes showed dark vacuoles and internal organ damage. The excellent results obtained with two of the essential oils studied offer encouraging possibilities to become an alternative to the use of chemical nematicides in the agricultural industry
Evaluación de la actividad nematicida in-vivo de compuestos activos difundidos en una matriz polimérica frente a Meloidogyne
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-01) Salinas Pérez, Ximena Estefanía; Arancibia Soria, Mirari Yosune
Kidney tomatoes in Ecuador are of the utmost importance, however, profitability has been declining due to different factors, including the presence of the Meloidogyne nematode causing the phytosanitary problem "radical nodules." Faced with this problem, it is necessary to seek less polluting alternatives with low environmental impact, among which the use of natural plant compounds is included, since the antimicrobial and insecticidal activity of many of its volatile compounds, especially essential oils, has been demonstrated. The present investigation was based on evaluating in vivo the nematicidal effect of three essential oils: Bursera graveolens, Minthostachys mollis, Origanum vulgare diffused in a polymer matrix (biodegradable agricultural bags), the same which were made using the bilayer molding or casting technique, with 1.5 percent w / v glycerol in the first layer and 4 percent v / v of each essential oil in the second layer. The best results for nematicidal activity were obtained between week 2 and 3 after sowing. The essential oil that presented the greatest nematicidal activity was palo santo, followed by oregano, while muña type was the least effective against Meloidogyne, it was also observed that the distance at which the sampling was performed was not a significant factor. Although the nematicidal effect of the oils was observed during week 4, this was lower. Based on the results obtained, the use of polymeric matrices could be an alternative for the management of Meloidogyne instead of synthetic nematicides.
Evaluación de la calidad de un gel antibacterial elaborado a partir de Alcohol Artesanal con hidrolato de manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla) y aceite esencial de naranja (Citrus spp.)
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-03) Merino Castillo, Erick Andrés; Robalino Martínez, Dolores del Rocío
The antibacterial gel has become a complementary product for hand hygiene, preventing infections and the spread of diseases. This research proposes the evaluation of the quality of an antibacterial gel made from artisanal alcohol with chamomile hydrolate (Matricaria chamomilla) and essential oil of orange (Citrus spp. ), the physicochemical properties of the gel were identified, in which a pH value between 5.72 and 6.05 was obtained; a density of 0.876 to 0.885 grams over cubic centimeters and a viscosity of 7320 to 7956 Cps, these being the optimum values for this type of antibacterial cosmetics, complying with the external instructions for low-risk cosmetic products, belonging to the national agency of regulation, control and sanitary surveillance ARCSA. The quantification of the alcohol concentration in the antibacterial gel was performed by gas chromatography, complying with the provisions of the ARCSA in its resolution DE-015-2020 where the alcohol concentration was found in the range between sixty and seventy percent performing its antibacterial characteristics. The bacterial effectiveness tests were carried out according to the European standard UNE-EN-1040, applying the microbiological techniques of cosmetic products, where two strains of microorganisms Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used, these tests were evaluated by means of a logarithmic scale, determining a high bactericidal activity for its antibacterial characteristics against the microorganisms evaluated, being this product ideal for hand disinfection since it complies with all the quality parameters.
Evaluación de las actividades biológicas y los compuestos bioactivos presentes en el aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Jiménez Jumbo, Luis David; Tubón Usca, Irvin Ricardo
Eucalyptus globulus, commonly known as eucalyptus, was introduced in Ecuador in the 1960s, specifically in 1860 in the government of Gabriel García Moreno, being the predominant of the two existing species with 89 percent, which makes it becomes a reference species in the Ecuadorian highlands. This plant has glands that secrete essential oils in its leaves, which produce its characteristic odor and have components that can be differentiated into chemical products of industrial value. On the other hand, this oil has been part of multiple scientific studies such as insect control, antioxidant activity, antifungal agent, among others, in general, this essential oil has aliphatic and terpene compounds that give it great potential for the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work an analysis of the multiple investigations of the bioactive compounds that the plant has and the fundamental role in human health due to their properties and the biological effects due to their sensory attributes was carried out; The study also made it possible to carry out future research on the variety of this plant in the plant kingdom with more than 700 species globally; Therefore, the phytochemistry of essential oils provides us with therapeutic benefits due to the combination of these phytonutrients. The study compared the essential oil of E. globulus (the most common in Ecuador) with that of other eucalyptus species, being the first comparative bibliographic investigation of the different species of this type of plant in the country, a study that related the components of the plant with the medicinal uses attributed to this genus such as disinflammation, disinfection, analgesia, antipiresis among others.
Microencapsulación del aceite de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis L.) en combinación con el aceite esencial de eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus L.), limón (Citrus limonum.) y albahaca (Ocimum basilicum L.) mediante secado por aspersión
(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-09) Sánchez Palacios, Abraham Rodolfo; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
Degradation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is a common problem in vegetable oils, usually caused by exposure to different environmental conditions; natural antioxidants such as essential oils and industrial methods such as microencapsulation are commonly used to ensure the reduction of these degenerative processes and prolong their shelf life. The objective of this research is to microencapsulate sacha inchi oil in combination with the essential oils of lemon eucalyptus and basil by spray drying, using a mixture of maltodextrin, arabic gum and sacha inchi in a 1:1:1 ratio together with the essential oils in concentrations of 0.5, 0.4 and 0.5 percent respectively, with an inlet temperature of 150 degrees Celsius. Applying FTIR-ATR (Attenuated Total Reflectance) spectrophotometry, the efficiency of microcapsulation was evidenced. Fluidity and compressibility were evaluated by means of the Hausner and Carr indices, each mixture showed relatively poor indices compared to its limit, greater than 38 for Carr and greater than 1.6 for Hausner. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the DPPH test with dilutions of 1 over 200, 250 and 300 for each mixture of microencapsulates, diluting 0.1 g of each sample in 20, 25 and 30 ml of distilled water, respectively. It was concluded that the oil mixture of sacha inchi oils together with lemon is superior in comparison to the three previously mentioned, presenting Carr and Hausner indexes of 42.23 and 1.42 respectively and an antioxidant capacity of 326.74 micromol per liter of the Trolox compound.