Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/809
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Item Extracción y microencapsulación de antocianinas a partir de col morada (Brassica oleracea L.)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-07) Ramos Lalaleo, Eliana Catalina; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoThe extraction of anthocyanins was carried out from purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) using ethanol and hydrochloric acid as a solvent in relation to 85:15. Three levels of extraction time (60, 90, 120 min) and three levels of mass ratio of plant material - volume of solvent (1:20, 1:25 and 1:30) were studied as variables. Initially, it was determined that the best extraction conditions were: 120 minutes, with a 1:20 ratio, at a constant temperature of 70 ° C. Next, the anthocyanin concentrate was microencapsulated by spray drying, using maltodextrin DE 10 as a polymer which caused the microencapsulation to have great water solubility. FTIR spectroscopy analyzes showed that the anthocyanins were successfully microencapsulated, since the functional groups of the metabolite are masked by the polymer. The microencapsulated anthocyanins obtained an encapsulation efficiency of 90.78%. Next, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated. On the other hand, it was evaluated in vivo through the cell survival of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was exposed to oxidative stress, in order to evaluate its behavior when subjected to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. It was demonstrated that the microorganism is able to recover from cellular oxidation thanks to the presence of microencapsulation of the anthocyanins of B. oleracea, at a concentration of 50 mg / ml, which could protect it, in turn assist in its recovery from damage caused by peroxide. It was possible to reach a maximum of 1,214 turbidity, equivalent to biomass in the liquid culture.Item Evaluación de las actividades antiinflamatoria, antioxidante y antimicrobiana de aislados e hidrolizado proteico de Habichuela baby lima ban (Phaseolus lunatus L.) y su digestibilidad in vitro(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-07) Tamayo García, Javier Alberto; Calero Cáceres, William RicardoItem Evaluación de la actividad antibacteriana y antiinflamatoria in vitro del extracto vegetal seco de mangle rojo (Rhizophora mangle L.)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-07) Acosta Sánchez, Gissela Maribel; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoIn the present study, the antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities of the dry total extract of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L), whose tests were carried out in vitro, were evaluated. The biological activities tested are possibly due to the polyphenols contained in this plant extract. The polyphenolic quantification of the powder extract was carried out by the Folin-Ciocalteu method giving a concentration of 338,31 more less 4,24 mgGAE per g. The antimicrobial activity was performed by disc-plate diffusion method, 5 pathogenic microorganisms were used, the results obtained indicated that the plant extract inhibits the microbial growth of Gram-positive bacteria, among them Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, while that for Gram-negative bacteria a positive test for inhibition of bacterial growth was not evident, among them Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as a positive control, Gentamicin was used at 500 μg per ml. For Gram-positive bacteria, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) whose results were 11,23 mg per ml; 6,92 mg per ml and 5,63 mg per ml S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and B. cereus, respectively. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated on human erythrocytes, by means of the membrane stabilization method, where the percentage of the anti-inflammatory capacity was higher than the positive control (aspirin) in the concentrations of 1; 1.5 and 2 mg per ml whose results were 68,51 percent; 83,34 percent and 84,67 percent respectively, while the positive control gave a percentage of anti-inflammatory activity at the same concentrations of 54,75 percent; 64,75 percent and 74,49 percent.Item Obtención de un ingrediente activo microencapsulado con propiedades antiinflamatorias a partir de 8 plantas medicinales(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-05) Escobar Bustamante, María Belén; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoThe use of medicinal plants for its great availability and variety of active ingredients with pharmacological importance has been a source of research for scientific advances. The present study focused on obtaining an active anti-inflammatory ingredient from the ethanolic extracts of 8 medicinal plants: Cymbopogon citratus, Mentha sativa L, Cynara scolymus L, Zingiber officinale L, Ocimum basilicum L, Cinnamomum verum J and Camellia sinensis. The best conditions for the extraction process of the plant metabolites of the plants used were established from a factorial design 22, using two study variables, the solvent ethanol concentration (ETOH) and the extraction time, using the technology of spray drying the ethanolic extracts were microencapsulated. For the determination of the anti-inflammatory activity, it was subjected to in vitro tests by means of the method of membrane stabilization of human erythrocytes compared to the anti-inflammatory control used with aspirin. Identifying that the highest percentage of anti-inflammatory activity is possessed by microencapsulation from the mixture of the 8 medicinal plants with a value of 76, 96 percent. Using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, two phytochemical components were quantified that give the anti-inflammatory capacity to microencapsulation: total polyphenols 93.50 more less 1.78 mg AG / g microencapsulated and total flavonoids 54.80 more less 8.61 mg quercetin / microencapsulation g. This research showed a synergistic effect of the mixture of the 8 plants due to the potentiation of the activity of the active ingredients that give them the anti-inflammatory capacity (polyphenols and flavonoids).Item Estudio del potencial antiinflamatorio y citóxico del extracto acuoso de hojas de diente de león (Taraxacum officinale)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-03) Tello Tello, Jhoana Maricela; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoOne of the approaches of the research is the development of drugs of natural origin for the treatment of pathologies. Plants, due to their great biodiversity and availability, are one of the main sources of active ingredients with pharmacological importance, the dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) is a weed that for its great content of active ingredients has been traditionally used for the cure of pathologies. In the present investigation, the capacity of the aqueous extract of dandelion leaves, obtained by spray drying, was studied as an anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic agent. The antiinflammatory activity was determined using the method of stabilization of the membrane of human erythrocytes, while the cytotoxic activity was evaluated using the method of bromide of 3- (4-5-dimethyldiazol-2-yl) -2,5-diphenyltetrazole (MTT ) with the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The results obtained indicated that the aqueous extract of the leaves of dandelion presented anti-inflammatory activity from the concentration of 2.5 mg/ml and when using a concentration of 5.5 mg/ml presented an activity of 58.89 percet that exceeded to aspirin. In the case of cytotoxic activity, the IC50 obtained was 0.024, the extract showed a cell death percentage of 87 percent using a 1.00E-01 dilution starting from the 50 mg/ml stock solution. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of the dandelion leaves showed anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activity when high concentrations of extract were used.Item Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante, antiinflamatoria y citotóxica in vitro de los extractos vegetales de Marco (Ambrosia arboresces) y Quishuar (Buddleja incana), obtenidos mediante secado por aspersión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-07) Moya Castillo, Erika Vanessa; Pérez Betancourt, YunysThe tradicional use of Marco (Ambrosia arborescens) y Quishuar (Buddleja incana) for their medicinal properties has been the subject of research aimed at scientific advances. The watery, hydroalcoholic (50:50) and ethanolic extracts of Marco leaves were used in in vitro experimentation in order to determine antioxidant, antiinflammatory and cytotoxic biological activity. The concentration of antioxidant activity was determined using the chemiluminiscence method in which the best effective treatment was the hydroalcoholic extract (50:50) of leaves of Quishuar 180629,191 ±293,399 μg galic acid/g extract. The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated using the membrane stabilization method with human erythrocytes, in which the ethanolic extract of Marco leaves showed 88,57 percent of antiinflammatory capacity, in contrast to the antiinflammatory control using asprin, measured at 87,66 percent. The cytotoxic capacity was determined with a colorimetric MTT method 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide using MCF-7 cells. With the ethanolic extract, a cellular apoptosis was produced, obtaining an IC50 of 0.0043. This evidences that with a minimal quantity of the extract, lethal toxicity levels were reached in the cells. The results obtained confirm that the disolvent used in the extraction of secondary metabolites affects the biological activities of the plants. In addition, Marco and Quishuar, being plants native to the Sierra region, are exposed to extrinsic factors such as climate, temperature, wind and rainfall that affect the production of metabolites in plants.Item Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante, antiinflamatoria y citotóxica in vitro de diferentes extractos de Chuquiragua (Chuquiragua jussieui) obtenidos mediante secado por aspersión(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2017-03) Ortiz Pérez, Tatiana Anabel; Pérez Betancourt, YunysThe unsuitable used the medicinal plants in Ecuador the search new alternatives for reducing these problems such as get active compounds through technical process and the use endemic plants of Ecuador. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate active compounds showed in the vegetal extracts of Chuquiragua of different in vitro biological activities. The extract got the leaves and flowers through a maceration process with different solvents such as: distillated water and ethanol. Through the spray drying method got a compact powder of different extracts. The biological activities evaluate through in vitro method, the anti-inflammatory activity there were used erythrocytes healthy patients review the stability membrane of giving extract avoid to start inflammatory process. The cytotoxic activity was quantified through a colorimetric method of de bromide de 3-(4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-ilo)-2,5-difeniltetrazol (MTT) with cellular lineal of breast cancer MFC-7, and serial dilutions. In anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities, the aqueous ethanol leaves dried of sun was the best treatment with these results 92,602% of the protection, 147409,481 μg Gallic acid/g sample and 98,913% of inhibition cellular respectively. In conclusion, flowers and leaves of Chuquiragua showed biological activities that through pharmacological processes might to active compounds. These maybe use in medical ambit.Item Evaluación de la actividad antiinflamatoria de liposomas obtenidos mediante secado por aspersión a partir del extracto hidrosoluble de la cáscara del coco verde (Cocos nucifera).(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-06) Tirado Poveda, Hugo Marcelo; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoAnti-inflammatory activity of liposomes obtained was evaluated by spray drying from water-soluble extract of green coconut shell (C. nucifera). The extract concentrated mother 2.82% total solids presented 14416 [mg on dry basis] total polyphenol quantified by the method of Follin- Cioclateu 750 nm. The antiinflammatory activity of the liposome was evaluated in vitro at 450 nm by the method of reduction of tetrazolium salts to salts formazan using the reagent WST-1 on human neutrophils [104 cells / µL] swollen with Zymozan opsonized A, compared to controls Dimethylsulfoxide, Triton X-100 and Aspirin. The encapsulation efficiency of polyphenols in the phospholipid layer infrared spectrophotometry was determined by scanning electron microscopy and; with an average particle size of 2.83 ± 0.942 microns. The anti-inflammatory activity of the liposomes was 58% at a concentration of 200 ppm, higher than those presented by the controls.