Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/809
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Item Diversidad biológica y metabólica de actinomicetes aislados de suelo y arena de ecosistemas glaciares de la Antártida y del norte del Chimborazo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2015) Villacís Barrazueta, Juan José; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoItem Identificación de bacterias aisladas de ecosistemas glaciares, andinos y antárticos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-05) Palacios Mazón, Diego Marcelo; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoBacteria isolated from glacial, Andean and Antarctic ecosystems were identified. By rep-PCR using the BOX primer, 72 strains were genotypically characterized and a dendrogram was constructed by numerical taxonomy, using the Pearson coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining the formation of 10 groups. From these, representatives were selected for the sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene and phenotypic characterization. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene was performed by calculating the evolutionary distances of Jukes & Cantor and the Neighbor-Joining algorithm, allowing the identification of 11 different species. Of which, strains DG-222 and DG-203 probably belong to new species. However, further studies are necessary to demonstrate this. Through the phenotypic characterization, a dendrogram of numerical taxonomy of phenotypic data was constructed using the SSM coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining the formation of 21 phenetic groups with 84,6 percent similarity. Most of the collection was determined as Gram negative, psychrotroph, neutrotolerant, weak halophilic or halophilic. In addition, new physiological characteristics of 4 different species were discovered. The analysis of polyphasic taxonomy with the strains that had fingerprinting patterns similar to the identified species, managed to locate 35 strains according to the molecular characterization. Forming 16 phenetic groups at 90 percent similarity and determining the polyphase taxonomic position of 48,6 percent of the collection. Probably, the diversity of the collection is underestimated and there could be species that have not been identified in this study. It is necessary to carry out a second analysis of the strains that were excluded in the analyzes.Item Determinación de la diversidad de actinomicetes aislados de ecosistemas glaciares de los Andes y la Antártida(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-05) Chamorro Sevilla, María Belén; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoWere identified 152 strains of actinomycetes molecularly isolated from cold ecosystems of Antarctica, Cotopaxi and Chimborazo. Through the amplification of the fingerprinting patterns by rep-PCR, using the first BOX A1R1, I was able to construct the genotypic dendrogram generated by the Pearson coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining 23 species-groups. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene was constructed by calculating the evolutionary distances of Jukes & Cantor and the Neighbor - Joining algorithm. It was possible to identify 4 different species, which belonged to the genus Streptomyces, while the strain DE-067 was associated to the genus Nocardia. On the other hand, by phenotypic characterization it was determined that most of the strains of this study were mesophilic, weak halophilic and neutrotolerant. In addition, they have a great ability to metabolize amino acids as a source of carbon and nitrogen. With the obtained results, the phenotypic dendrogram was constructed by the SSM coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, determining 23 species-groups at 89 percent similarity. Subsequently, the molecular identification of the collection was carried out using the 16S rDNA gene, with the strains that shared fingerprinting patterns like the identified species. Achieving taxonomically position 87 strains, in 14 groups-species at 80 percent similarity. As it is evident, it is necessary to complement the results obtained in this study, by means of the molecular identification of the strains that were not sequenced, to know with certainty the diversity of actinomycetes in the collection.Item Determinación preliminar de producción de compuestos bioactivos de actinomicetes y bacterias aislados de ecosistemas glaciares andinos y antárticos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-03) Estrada Espín, María Cristina; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoSeventy-nine actinomycete and thirty-three bacterial strains were isolated from soil and sand samples collected from glacial ecosystems from Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Antarctica. Microorganisms were phenotypically characterized and their capacity to produce bioactive compounds against several microorganisms was determined. The results were analyzed by numerical taxonomy at 90 percent similarity. Actinomycetes were divided in forty phenetic groups, while bacteria were divided in twenty-nine. Fifty-five actinomycetes were isolated from Chimborazo, sixteen from Cotopaxi and four from Antarctica. In relation to bacteria seventeen strains came from Chimborazo, fourteen from Cotopaxi and one from Antarctica. The phenotypic data related to the growth depending on the temperatura, showed that all isolated microorganisms presented mesophilic characteristics. Respect to tolerance to NaCl, 61 percent bacteria presented growth characteristics over of salt levels up 15 percent w/v in medium , while actinomycetes only supported concentrations about 1 percent NaCl. Regarding production capacity of bioactive compounds, 84 percent of actinomycetes and 70 percent of bacteria isolated, showed antagonistic activity against the model microorganisms used. The actinomycetes DE002 and DE053 strains produced metabolites with bactericidal characteristics and DE006, DE031, DE081, DE083 and DE084 strains fungicidal metabolites. Bacteria were not able to produce compounds with bactericidal or fungicidal capacity and were only effective for certain species of microorganisms. Data obtained in the current investigation, demonstrated wide metabolic and phenotypic diversity of actinomycetes and bacteria present in glacial ecosystems. Further studies are necessary to explore its potential for the industrial production of bioactive compounds.Item Determinación preliminar de producción de compuestos bioactivos de actinomicetes y bacterias aislados de ecosistemas glaciares andinos y antárticos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-03) Díaz Ortíz, Adriana Patricia; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoSeventy-nine actinomycete and thirty-three bacterial strains were isolated from soil and sand samples collected from glacial ecosystems from Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Antarctica. Microorganisms were phenotypically characterized and their capacity to produce bioactive compounds against several microorganisms was determined. The results were analyzed by numerical taxonomy at 90 percent similarity. Actinomycetes were divided in forty phenetic groups, while bacteria were divided in twenty-nine. Fifty-five actinomycetes were isolated from Chimborazo, sixteen from Cotopaxi and four from Antarctica. In relation to bacteria seventeen strains came from Chimborazo, fourteen from Cotopaxi and one from Antarctica. The phenotypic data related to the growth depending on the temperatura, showed that all isolated microorganisms presented mesophilic characteristics. Respect to tolerance to NaCl, 61 percent bacteria presented growth characteristics over of salt levels up 15 percent w/v in medium , while actinomycetes only supported concentrations about 1 percent NaCl. Regarding production capacity of bioactive compounds, 84 percent of actinomycetes and 70 percent of bacteria isolated, showed antagonistic activity against the model microorganisms used. The actinomycetes DE002 and DE053 strains produced metabolites with bactericidal characteristics and DE006, DE031, DE081, DE083 and DE084 strains fungicidal metabolites. Bacteria were not able to produce compounds with bactericidal or fungicidal capacity and were only effective for certain species of microorganisms. Data obtained in the current investigation, demonstrated wide metabolic and phenotypic diversity of actinomycetes and bacteria present in glacial ecosystems. Further studies are necessary to explore its potential for the industrial production of bioactive compounds.Item Caracterización molecular de Actinomicetes provientes de Ecosistemas antárticos.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2016-04) Navas León, Daniela Giovanna; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoThe molecular characterization of sixteen actinomycete strains isolated from glacier ecosystems of soil and sand from the South Antarctic Shetland Islands and soil from Mount Chimborazo, capable of producing bioactive compounds, formed five species-groups by comparing the percentage of similarity and the number of different nucleotides with several type species of the genus Streptomyces. Phylogenetic analyses showed that ten strains belong to Streptomyces fildesensis GW25-5T (DQ408297), three to Streptomyces griseus ISP 5236T (AY094371)/Streptomyces flavogriseus DSM 40323T (AJ494864), one to Streptomyces olivochromogenes DSM 40451T (AY094370) and the last two strains were closed to Streptomyces sannanensis NBRC 14239T (AB184579). It is remarkable that the three-multimembered groups showed individuals that were recovered from both Antarctic and Equatorial glacier ecosystems. This could represent evidence of adaptative evolution of individuals that belong to the same species, the same environmental conditions, thousands of kilometers apart from each other. In any case, it remains to be solved how these microorganisms reached to opposite geographical locations and thrived under the similar environmental conditions.Item Comparación de la biodiversidad de hongos psicrófilos y psicrótrofos presentes en ecosistemas glaciares de la Antártida y el Chimborazo.(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2013) Correa Navas, Jenny Fernanda; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoFrom samples of Antarctic and Chimborazo glaciers ecosystems, 89 fungi were isolated in pure culture. 51 fungi were isolated from Antarctica soil. 9 were isolated from Antarctica sand and 29 were isolated from Chimborazo soil. The study factors used were the sample origen, the culture medium and the temperature of isolation. From isolated fungi, 56 are classified as psychrotrophic, 23 as mesophilic and 10 as psychrophilic. 139 phenotypic data were used to calculate the isolated fungi similarity, using Simple Matching Coefficient (SSM). The dendrogram based on the results of similarity, divided the 89 fungi in 30 species-groups, some of whom were members of both Antarctic and Chimborazo, and others seem to be endemic to each place. The comparison of the species-groups showed 13 endemic species from Antarctica and 7 from Chimborazo. This show the great diversity of fungi that can withstand the extreme conditions of these ecosystems. It is likely that many of these species-groups found in this investigation would lead to the discovery of new species of fungus, which can be useful in biotechnology.Item Determinación de la biodiversidad bacteriana en ecosistemas glaciares de la Antártida(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2013) Garzón Obando, Diana Carolina; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoDurante la determinación de la biodiversidad bacteriana en ecosistemas glaciares de la Antártida se logró aislar en cultivo puro, ciento cuarenta y un bacterias no filamentosas y 11 actinomicetes,teniendo como factores de estudio el origen de la muestra, la temperatura de aislamiento y el medio de cultivo utilizado para el aislamiento. De las ciento cuarenta y un bacterias aisladas, 70 se aislaron a partir de la muestra de arena de playa, 40 en suelos y 31 en sedimentos de lago. Seis de los once actinomicetes se aislaron a partir de la muestra de arena de playa, 4 fueron aislados en la muestra de suelo y 1 en la muestra de sedimentos de lago. Se logró aislar 13 bacterias psicrófilas y 78 psicrótrofas. Sin embargo la población de actinomicetes aislados presentó características mesofílicas en su totalidad. La taxonomía numérica de datos fenotípicos permitió obtener un número mayor de grupos que los obtenidos solo en base al color, mostrando así que la diversidad bacteriana estudiada es bastante amplia y que la adición de características fenotípicas permite delimitar con mayor precisión a los grupos-especie. El dendrograma obtenido al 90% de similaridad dividió a las 141 bacterias aisladas originalmente en 30 grupos-especie,por su parte el dendrograma basado en el coeficiente de similaridad calculado a partir de las pruebas fenotípicas de actinomicetes separó en 5 grupos-especie a los 11 actinomicetes aislados. Los datos obtenidos en la presente investigación demuestran la gran biodiversidad bacteriana y de actinomicetes en ecosistemas glaciales de la isla Greenwich y Dee abriendo las puertas al estudio de posibles rutas metabólicas que permitirían el descubrimiento de nuevos compuestos bioactivos útiles en biotecnología.