Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/809
Browse
5 results
Search Results
Item Extracción y microencapsulación de carotenoides de chonta (Bactris gasipaes)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-08) Calle López, Diego Fernando; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoChonta is a traditional fruit that is consumed in the Amazon region of Latin America and has compounds that give it antioxidant capacity, the carotenoids it contains give it a high value in the human diet, therefore this work focused on extracting these compounds and place them in a suitable presentation for use in industry, such as microencapsulation. The extraction was carried out with an experimental design of two levels and three factors, with the factors of maturity, time, and proportion of plant material: ethanol (96 percent), obtaining that the optimal conditions were 100 percent maturity, with 60 minutes and a 1:70 proportion at temperature of 70 Celsius degrees, this extract was microencapsulated with a mixture of maltodextrin and arabig gum by spray drying. The microencapsulation efficiency was evaluated obtaining 98.90 percent, thermograms and infrared spectra were also obtained where the microencapsulation efficiency was corroborated. While the antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro using the DPPH method, obtaining 69.19 micromol per liter in the extract and 59.30 micromol per liter in microencapsulated of trolox equivalent, and in the in vivo test, oxidative stress was applied by peroxide of hydrogen to Saccharomyces cerevisiae and was protected with microencapsulation, showing its antioxidant power against vitamin C standards.Item Optimización del proceso de extracción de carotenoides obtenidos a partir de la flor de mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus L)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-01) Amancha Laura, Alex Giovanni; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoThe present investigation was based on the optimization of the operational parameters that influence the extraction of carotenoids from the orange flower of the mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus L) through the response surface methodology (MSR). Considering that these metabolites are fat-soluble organic pigments, a solid-liquid extraction with 96 percent ethanol was carried out, by studying two factors: the ratio of plant matter: volume of solvent (1:20, 1:45, 1: 70) and the extraction time (30, 60, 90 minutes). Subsequently, the carotenoid content was quantified by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, determining that the best treatment corresponds to 70 parts by volume of ethanol in a time of 90 minutes, registering a value of 929.44 mg per 100 g of dry base, while the lowest value of 487.05 mg per 100 g was obtained with 20 parts of solvent in a time of 30 minutes. Subsequently, the MSR was applied, through which the levels of each of the factors were optimized, determining that the optimum point corresponds to 70 parts of ethanol volume in a time of 90 minutes, reaching a maximum concentration of 940.92 mg of carotenoids per 100 g, with an extraction efficiency of 0.18 percent and a desirability of 0.97. Finally, a vacuum distillation was developed, obtaining the concentrated extract of carotenoids with a humidity of 80.59 percent, which was stored at 4 degrees Celsius for its conservation, since it has antioxidant potential.Item Evaluación de diferentes combinaciones de polímeros en la microencapsulación de licopeno de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12) Pazmiño Eugenio, Damaris Abigail; Fernández Rivero, DanaeThe concentrate of lycopene of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) was microencapsulated using four differents combinations whose were evaluated through the antioxidant capacity. The combinations consisted of varying the load, with respect to the polymers used that were maltodextrin and gum arabic with modifications in the entry and exit temperature in the microencapsulation. The evaluation of antioxidant activity in vitro was developed using the DPPH test. On the other hand, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a cellular model to analyze the activity in vivo comparing the growth rate it presents against high and low stress levels with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite. It was determined that the microencapsulated with 30% lycopene, 35 percent gum arabic and 35 percent maltodextrin at an inlet temperature (Te) of 120 Celsius degrees and outlet (Ts) of 80 Celsius degrees showed greater antioxidant capacity when using the DPPH free radical method obtaining 81,84 percent inhibition equivalent to trolox concentration of 333,78 more less 4,53 µmol of trolox for gram sample, also recorded a percentage of microencapsulation efficiency of 64,42 percent, which was comprobated with the analysis in the far infrared spectrum taking into account that 83,76 percent transmittance was obtained. The antioxidant activity in vivo corroborated the previous results, because when using the microencapsulation at a concentration of 700 mg/mL, Saccharomyces cervisiae showed a growth rate greater than 1 in the presence of NaOCl and H2O2 exceeding the antioxidant capacity of vitamin C.Item Obtención de un extracto rico en carotenoides con capacidad antioxidante a escala de banco a partir de residuos agroindustriales del tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12) Urbina Calero, Walter Ramiro; Fernández Rivero, DanaeThe research project had to objective obtain an extract rich in carotenoids up to a scale of a bench, from the agroindustrial waste of the tree tomato (Solanum betaceum). The extraction of the carotenoids was conducted the dry vegetable residue and as solvent ethanol with a residue waste/solvent of 1/70, 50 Celsius degrees and 30 minutes on laboratory scales (0.5 L) and bench (3 and 5 L). The chemical physical characterization of the extract was performed, determining the humidity percentage equal to 99,90 percent, pH of 5,69, refractive index of 1,36, kinematic viscosity of 2,09 cSt.s-1, lycopenes concentration of 0.51 mg.L-1 and yield extraction of 34.34 mg.kg-1. In the microencapsulation the higher scale extract (5 L) was used, concentrating the sample until get 13.45 percent solids, determining the percentage yield in the microencapsulation process equal to 79.02 percent and the percentage of efficiency of microencapsulation of 99.39 percent, also an infrared spectroscopy analysis that corroborated these results considered to be favorable for higher scaling of the process. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical method by doing a Trolox calibration curve, obtaining 50.80 percent DPPH inhibition in the extract without concentrating, increasing by 200 percent in the concentrated extract. In the microencapsulated extract was obtained an 21.72 percent inhibition of DPPH equivalent to 142.72 µmol.L-1 with a decrease in antioxidant activity of 34.27 percent compared to the concentrated extract doing a dilution of 1/200.Item Extracción y microencapsulación de carotenoides con actividad antioxidante a partir de Daucus carota(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-07) Fiallos Yánez, Henry Alexis; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoThe present research work was based on the extraction and analysis of metabolites of the Daucus carota plant for its antioxidant properties, taking as a starting point the extraction of carotenoids based on an experimental surface design. To take advantage of the properties of the extracted metabolites, microencapsulated microcapsules containing the antioxidants of the extract of the Daucus carota plant were developed, using two saccharide-type polymers which were maltodextrin and gum arabic of great commercial use with which a microencapsulation efficiency of 92.21 percent was obtained, which were used to verify the antioxidant properties by means of in vitro tests by the DPPH method to analyze the percentage of inhibition of free radicals in which 394,076 μmol equivalents of Trolox was obtained. A percentage of inhibition of 71.20 percent for the microencapsulation, and in the antioxidant activity in vivo through the growth curve of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the antioxidant potential was determined.