Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/809
Browse
15 results
Search Results
Item Evaluación de las actividades biológicas y los compuestos bioactivos presentes en el aceite esencial de Eucalyptus globulus(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Jiménez Jumbo, Luis David; Tubón Usca, Irvin RicardoEucalyptus globulus, commonly known as eucalyptus, was introduced in Ecuador in the 1960s, specifically in 1860 in the government of Gabriel García Moreno, being the predominant of the two existing species with 89 percent, which makes it becomes a reference species in the Ecuadorian highlands. This plant has glands that secrete essential oils in its leaves, which produce its characteristic odor and have components that can be differentiated into chemical products of industrial value. On the other hand, this oil has been part of multiple scientific studies such as insect control, antioxidant activity, antifungal agent, among others, in general, this essential oil has aliphatic and terpene compounds that give it great potential for the cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industries. In this work an analysis of the multiple investigations of the bioactive compounds that the plant has and the fundamental role in human health due to their properties and the biological effects due to their sensory attributes was carried out; The study also made it possible to carry out future research on the variety of this plant in the plant kingdom with more than 700 species globally; Therefore, the phytochemistry of essential oils provides us with therapeutic benefits due to the combination of these phytonutrients. The study compared the essential oil of E. globulus (the most common in Ecuador) with that of other eucalyptus species, being the first comparative bibliographic investigation of the different species of this type of plant in the country, a study that related the components of the plant with the medicinal uses attributed to this genus such as disinflammation, disinfection, analgesia, antipiresis among others.Item Análisis de los principios bioactivos medicinales de las hojas de Senna alexandrina Mill(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Villalva Valencia, Stephanie Viviana; Pérez Aldas, Lander VinicioThis research compiles the information, through a bibliographic review, on the analysis of the medicinal bioactive principles of the leaves of Senna alexandrina Mill. Through this, it was possible to identify the metabolites contained in its leaves are mainly: hydroxyanthracene glycosides, anthraquinones, flavonoids, glucides, naphthalene glycosides and trace elements such as essential oils, chrysophanic acid, salicylic acid, saponin, resins, mineral phytosterols, naphthalene derivatives, chlorophyll and waxes; The most outstanding are sennosides A and B, which constitute a group of the family of hydroxyanthracenic glycosides and are the most abundant group in and the most interesting within the leaves of this plant, due to its properties as a laxative and analgesic in diseases related to the colon. An optimal methodology for the extraction of bioactive principles from the leaves of this species was developed, consisting of collection, maceration, decantation, and filtration. Finally, the quality parameters that the procedure must follow to be considered optimal and the qualitative and quantitative analyses that guarantee these parameters were described. The identification of specific metabolites based on precipitation, color changes and other easily recognizable factors. In the case of qualitative analysis, it was concluded that high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the best method for this purpose, since its advantages include its rapid and almost universal application. In addition, spectrophotometry was included as a mechanism of analysis, optimal for the determination of the concentration of flavonoids in the extract.Item Optimización del proceso de extracción de carotenoides obtenidos a partir de la flor de mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus L)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-01) Amancha Laura, Alex Giovanni; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoThe present investigation was based on the optimization of the operational parameters that influence the extraction of carotenoids from the orange flower of the mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus L) through the response surface methodology (MSR). Considering that these metabolites are fat-soluble organic pigments, a solid-liquid extraction with 96 percent ethanol was carried out, by studying two factors: the ratio of plant matter: volume of solvent (1:20, 1:45, 1: 70) and the extraction time (30, 60, 90 minutes). Subsequently, the carotenoid content was quantified by UV-Visible spectrophotometry, determining that the best treatment corresponds to 70 parts by volume of ethanol in a time of 90 minutes, registering a value of 929.44 mg per 100 g of dry base, while the lowest value of 487.05 mg per 100 g was obtained with 20 parts of solvent in a time of 30 minutes. Subsequently, the MSR was applied, through which the levels of each of the factors were optimized, determining that the optimum point corresponds to 70 parts of ethanol volume in a time of 90 minutes, reaching a maximum concentration of 940.92 mg of carotenoids per 100 g, with an extraction efficiency of 0.18 percent and a desirability of 0.97. Finally, a vacuum distillation was developed, obtaining the concentrated extract of carotenoids with a humidity of 80.59 percent, which was stored at 4 degrees Celsius for its conservation, since it has antioxidant potential.Item Evaluación de diferentes combinaciones de polímeros en la microencapsulación de licopeno de tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12) Pazmiño Eugenio, Damaris Abigail; Fernández Rivero, DanaeThe concentrate of lycopene of tree tomato (Solanum betaceum) was microencapsulated using four differents combinations whose were evaluated through the antioxidant capacity. The combinations consisted of varying the load, with respect to the polymers used that were maltodextrin and gum arabic with modifications in the entry and exit temperature in the microencapsulation. The evaluation of antioxidant activity in vitro was developed using the DPPH test. On the other hand, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a cellular model to analyze the activity in vivo comparing the growth rate it presents against high and low stress levels with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite. It was determined that the microencapsulated with 30% lycopene, 35 percent gum arabic and 35 percent maltodextrin at an inlet temperature (Te) of 120 Celsius degrees and outlet (Ts) of 80 Celsius degrees showed greater antioxidant capacity when using the DPPH free radical method obtaining 81,84 percent inhibition equivalent to trolox concentration of 333,78 more less 4,53 µmol of trolox for gram sample, also recorded a percentage of microencapsulation efficiency of 64,42 percent, which was comprobated with the analysis in the far infrared spectrum taking into account that 83,76 percent transmittance was obtained. The antioxidant activity in vivo corroborated the previous results, because when using the microencapsulation at a concentration of 700 mg/mL, Saccharomyces cervisiae showed a growth rate greater than 1 in the presence of NaOCl and H2O2 exceeding the antioxidant capacity of vitamin C.Item Obtención de un extracto rico en carotenoides con capacidad antioxidante a escala de banco a partir de residuos agroindustriales del tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12) Urbina Calero, Walter Ramiro; Fernández Rivero, DanaeThe research project had to objective obtain an extract rich in carotenoids up to a scale of a bench, from the agroindustrial waste of the tree tomato (Solanum betaceum). The extraction of the carotenoids was conducted the dry vegetable residue and as solvent ethanol with a residue waste/solvent of 1/70, 50 Celsius degrees and 30 minutes on laboratory scales (0.5 L) and bench (3 and 5 L). The chemical physical characterization of the extract was performed, determining the humidity percentage equal to 99,90 percent, pH of 5,69, refractive index of 1,36, kinematic viscosity of 2,09 cSt.s-1, lycopenes concentration of 0.51 mg.L-1 and yield extraction of 34.34 mg.kg-1. In the microencapsulation the higher scale extract (5 L) was used, concentrating the sample until get 13.45 percent solids, determining the percentage yield in the microencapsulation process equal to 79.02 percent and the percentage of efficiency of microencapsulation of 99.39 percent, also an infrared spectroscopy analysis that corroborated these results considered to be favorable for higher scaling of the process. Antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH radical method by doing a Trolox calibration curve, obtaining 50.80 percent DPPH inhibition in the extract without concentrating, increasing by 200 percent in the concentrated extract. In the microencapsulated extract was obtained an 21.72 percent inhibition of DPPH equivalent to 142.72 µmol.L-1 with a decrease in antioxidant activity of 34.27 percent compared to the concentrated extract doing a dilution of 1/200.Item Evaluación de la actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria de antocianinas microencapsuladas a partir de cáscaras de berenjena (Solanum melongena)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12) Telenchana Pérez, Erika Vanessa; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoThe instability of natural pigments makes it difficult to use, so the study of their extraction and conservation process will increase their stability, maintaining their properties. This research was based on the extraction, microencapsulation and evaluation of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of anthocyanins from eggplant shells (Solanum melongena). An experimental design 22 was carried out, which was determined that the optimal conditions of the extraction are with a plant material/solvent volume ratio of 1:25, a temperature of 70 more less 2 Celsius degrees and extraction time of 60 min. The microencapsulation of the bioactive compound was performed by spray drying, using two polymeric matrices (maltodextrin and gum arabic), an efficiency of 91.28 percent was obtained for microencapsulation with the mixture of these two polymers, while for maltodextrin it was 79.85 percent. To evaluate the antioxidant properties, the DPPH method was used, a maximum percentage of 257,88 and 307,19 µmol equivalents of Trolox for every gram of microencapsulated was obtained, for the case of maltodextrin and mixture respectively, the curve was also evaluated of growth of yeast S. cerevisiae subjected to oxidative stress and it was shown that microencapsulates protect the microorganism from the oxidative agent. The erythrocyte membrane stabilization method it was determined that at a concentration of 2 mg for ml for the microencapsulation with maltodextrin and 2,5 mg for ml for the case of the polymer mixture, an anti-inflammatory activity of 89,61 percent is obtained and 77,17 percent respectively, exceeding the activity of the commercial drug.Item Diversidad biológica y metabólica de actinomicetes aislados de suelo y arena de ecosistemas glaciares de la Antártida y del norte del Chimborazo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2015) Villacís Barrazueta, Juan José; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoItem Extracción y microencapsulación de licopenos provenientes de residuos agroindustriales del tomate de árbol (Solanum betaceum)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-01) Pérez Sánchez, Christian Fabián; Fernández Rivero, DanaeThe present work is based on the extraction and microencapsulation of the bioactive compound lycopene present in the agroindustrial waste of the tomato tree (Solanum betaceum). An experimental design 32 was carried out, where the factors studied were: the vegetal material ratio / solvent volume (1:30, 1:50, 1:70) and the extraction time (30; 60; 120 min). From the results obtained, the percentages of extraction efficiency and the lycopene mass were calculated in one hundred grams of extracted solids, obtaining that the extraction process was optimized with a vegetal material for solvent volume ratio of 1:70 and a extraction time of 30 minutes. In order to increase the stability of the extracted lycopene, it was microencapsulated by spray drying, using maltodextrin and arabic gum as polymers, obtaining an efficiency of the microencapsulation process of 96.5 percent. Through the analysis of infrared spectrometry by Fourier Transforms (FTIR) the effectiveness of the microencapsulation process was corroborated. The antioxidant activity was checked by means of the DPPH technique (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracil), since percentage values of DPPH inhibition were obtained for the lycopene-rich extract of 60.23 percent and for the 49.85 percent microencapsulation represented 686.73 and 287.34 μmol of Trolox in one gram of mass of solids extracted respectively.Item Evaluación de las actividades biológicas de compuestos bioactivos del hongo Agaricus blazei(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-12) Hidalgo Vaca, Gabriela Viviana; López Hernández, Orestes DaríoThe Agaricus blazei Murill mushroom, is an edible macromycete used in the oriental culture since ancient times for it’s physiological properties. The present study seeks to expand knowledge on the bioactive molecules and biological activities of the mushroom. From a sample of a dry and ground whole fungus of a strain of A. blazei, the optimal parameters for the extraction process of bioactive components were evaluated, What were: water as solvent in a relation 1:15, during 1 hour at boiling temperature. Using UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods, the concentrations of the main active compounds of 4 extracts were determined, highlighting T1, concentrations: polyphenols 21,27 mg GAE por every gram, flavonoids 2,34 mg QE/g and polysaccharides 192,41 mg GLUC for every gram, treatment that was selected for the evaluation of biological activities. It is known that there is a close relationship between oxidative metabolism, the immune response and the carcinogenesis process, which is why the antioxidant, immunomodulatory and cytotoxic properties of the ABM extract are evaluated. In the case of antioxidant activity by the DPPH assay, it was identified that the aqueous extract of ABM had the capacity to consume 13,01 percent DPPH with 84,81 μmol Trolox for every gram. The immunomodulatory activity was quantified through the cell proliferation of blood lymphocytes isolated by the MTT colorimetric technique with EC50 equals to 0,30 mg for every ml. For the cytotoxic activity the inhibition of cell growth in two cancer cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay, for HeLa cells (ATCC CCL-2TM) an IC50 of 0,0024 mg/ml, and for MCF-7 cells (ATCC HTB-22TM) an IC50 0,0023 mg for every ml. The analysis of results showed that the extract rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids possess the biological activities under studyItem Determinación preliminar de producción de compuestos bioactivos de actinomicetes y bacterias aislados de ecosistemas glaciares andinos y antárticos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-03) Estrada Espín, María Cristina; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoSeventy-nine actinomycete and thirty-three bacterial strains were isolated from soil and sand samples collected from glacial ecosystems from Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Antarctica. Microorganisms were phenotypically characterized and their capacity to produce bioactive compounds against several microorganisms was determined. The results were analyzed by numerical taxonomy at 90 percent similarity. Actinomycetes were divided in forty phenetic groups, while bacteria were divided in twenty-nine. Fifty-five actinomycetes were isolated from Chimborazo, sixteen from Cotopaxi and four from Antarctica. In relation to bacteria seventeen strains came from Chimborazo, fourteen from Cotopaxi and one from Antarctica. The phenotypic data related to the growth depending on the temperatura, showed that all isolated microorganisms presented mesophilic characteristics. Respect to tolerance to NaCl, 61 percent bacteria presented growth characteristics over of salt levels up 15 percent w/v in medium , while actinomycetes only supported concentrations about 1 percent NaCl. Regarding production capacity of bioactive compounds, 84 percent of actinomycetes and 70 percent of bacteria isolated, showed antagonistic activity against the model microorganisms used. The actinomycetes DE002 and DE053 strains produced metabolites with bactericidal characteristics and DE006, DE031, DE081, DE083 and DE084 strains fungicidal metabolites. Bacteria were not able to produce compounds with bactericidal or fungicidal capacity and were only effective for certain species of microorganisms. Data obtained in the current investigation, demonstrated wide metabolic and phenotypic diversity of actinomycetes and bacteria present in glacial ecosystems. Further studies are necessary to explore its potential for the industrial production of bioactive compounds.