Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/809

Browse

Filters

2010 - 2019132020 - 20238

Settings

Subject: search.filters.subject.EXTRACTOS VEGETALES

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 10 of 21
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Evaluación de la actividad antifúngica de un extracto alcohólico de hierba mora (Solanum nigrum) frente a oídio (Oidium sp.) y fusarium (Fusarium sp.)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2023-03) Albán Tapia, Esteban Nicolay; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The alcoholic extract of blackberry herb was prepared by the maceration method using 70 percent ethanol as solvent. Two solutions were prepared with distilled water to obtain three treatments with concentrations of 50, 75 and 100 percent of extract, considering the extract obtained with the 100 percent concentration. The fungi were collected from rose leaves and allelis stems, and sown in petri dishes with PDA medium at 25 degrees Celsius. The antifungal activity of the extract was evaluated by disk diffusion and the diameter of the inhibition halo was measured at 48, 72, 96 and 144 hours of incubation of the inocula; in addition, 3 replicates of the conidia count at 144 hours were carried out to elaborate a completely randomized block design in which the concentration of conidia per milliliter was recorded as the variable of interest. The extract had no effect on powdery mildew since no inhibition halo was generated in the treatments prepared with the extract, and the concentration of conidia per milliliter was higher than that of the positive control treatment. As for fusarium, the treatment with 100 percent extract concentration showed the greatest inhibition halo at 48 hours, but the concentration of conidia per milliliter evaluated with extract had a higher average value than the positive control treatment, demonstrating that the extract has antifungal activity in a short period of time.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Validación del método de limpieza aplicado a la ruta de fabricación de tabletas de matico en el Laboratorio NEOFÁRMACO del Ecuador Cía. Ltda.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2022-09) Guevara Freire, Karen Adriana; Carrera Cevallos, Jeanette Verónica
    The Laboratory Neofármaco of Ecuador is a pharmaceutical company, which stands out for producing a wide variety of products, especially based on natural active ingredients, one of its natural products is the box of Matico tablets, made from Matico extract as API (Aristiguietia glutinosa), which, having flavonoids among its compounds, acts as an anti-inflammatory, antifungal and gastroprotective. However, Neofármaco, being a drug manufacturing company, must comply with good manufacturing practices (GMP) for its correct operation, standards established by the WHO, FDA and ARCSA. One of the many standards they must comply with is to validate their cleaning processes, mainly to avoid cross-contamination and microbiological contamination, especially if the same areas and equipment are used to manufacture different products. For the same reason, the cleaning validation of the Matico tablet manufacturing route has been carried out. It was demonstrated that the cleaning process does not leave soap residues, through the analysis of traces of detergent, and visual verification was also carried out. For sampling through the swabbing method, the characteristics of the swab were determined: absorption capacity (0.3401 mL), absence of swab interference, recovery test 96.54 percent, determination of the acceptance limit (75 ppm). On the other hand, in the analysis of samples, it was determined that the limit is not exceeded, in addition, no microbiological contamination was witnessed.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Efecto in vitro de Valeriana rígida y Valeriana Decussata en la apoptosis tardía en células cancerígenas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-01) Lizano Guzmán, César Paúl; Vargas López, José Homero; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit
    Cancer represents a public health problem worldwide, especially breast cancer, which occupies the first place of incidence in the country, followed by thyroid cancer. Ecuador has a very biodiverse territory with an extensive variety of medicinal plants that offer a possible therapeutic potential; however, there are few studies that validate these properties. Reason enough to contemplate a number of possibilities in the molecular and biochemical study of different types of plants, in particular of the valerian ones. The objective of this project was to evaluate the expression of the p53 gene by means of qRT-PCR of the Valeriana rigid and Decussata extracts in the MCF7 cell line, in addition to late apoptosis. The results showed that the relative expression of the pro-apoptotic gene p53 in relation to the control showed that the treatments; Valerian Decussata root and Decussata leaf stem produce increased expression of the p53 gene. On the contrary, for Valerian Rigida root and Rigida leaf stem showed a lower expression than that of the control. Regarding the late apoptosis tests using APO / bdru Tunel for control, MCF7 cancer cells were evidenced, with fragmented nuclei. For the treatment with Valeriana Decussata Root, cell fragments and other DNA fragments were observed that may show the end of the apoptotic pathway, as Valeriana Decussata leaf stem only one apoptotic cell was observed, while for rigid Valerian leaf stem and root no evidence of late apoptosis was observed.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Actividad antioxidante y citotóxica in vitro de Valeriana decussata y Valeriana rígida en células cancerígenas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-03) Guacales Reinosa, Danny Alexander; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit; Vargas López, José Homero
    Cancer represents a health problem worldwide, leaving with its high death rates that continue to rise. The treatments used to counteract the disease have high costs and are losing their effectiveness as cancer cells become increasingly resistant; hence the importance of looking for new therapeutic alternatives, in order to reestablish a new panorama in favor of the search for new phytocomposites extracted from plants, such as valerian species, characterized by its composition of terpenes, valeric acid, valtrates and essential oils with various anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and anti-tumor properties. The objective of the present investigation was the determination of the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity in vitro of extracts obtained from Valerian decussata and Valerian rigid in the breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). For this, cell viability studies were carried out using the MTT method, immunohistochemical tests, nitric oxide determination using the Griess method and the antioxidant activity with the TROLOX test. The presence of antioxidants and compounds with biological activity that acted were evidenced. beneficially over the MCF-7 cell line type.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Capacidad proapoptótica in vitro de Valeriana rígida y Valeriana decussata en células cancerígenas
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-01) Williams Ibarra, Jeniffer Andrea; Carrero Castillo, Yenddy Nayghit
    Cancer represents a public health problem level world, with high incidence and mortality rates in developed and undeveloped countries. Currently there are different therapeutic treatments to eliminate or prevent the proliferation of cancer cells, however, the most are invasive, and they have side effects. Today there are natural therapeutic alternatives with the aim of develop more efficient and less invasive treatments to fight cancer. Faced with this problem, the research done it is based on in vitro evaluation of the proapoptotic and cytotoxic capacity of valerian extracts on the breast cancer cell line. Cell viability assays (MTT), immunohistochemistry assays were performed by fluorescence microscopy and quantitative reverse transcription PCR for gene expression of proteins. The results obtained showed the decrease in cell proliferation and variability in the gene expression of apoptotic proteins in breast cancer cells after being treated with optimal doses of Valeriana rigid and Valeriana decussata extracts.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Obtención y caracterización de polifenoles y flavonoides de extractos de Baccharis macrantha (Chilca) y estudio de su actividad antioxidante y antiinflamatoria
    (2020-01) Rosero Mero, Santiago André; Morales Acosta, Dayana Cristina
    The aim of this study was to obtain the highest content of total flavonoid (TFC) and total polyphenol (TPC) from dry leaves of Baccharis macrantha, for which an extraction method was optimized using different solvents (ethanol and methanol), temperatures (30-60 Celsius degrees) and extraction times (5-20 min). The optimized conditions for flavonoids extraction were 25 percent ethanol, 50 Celsius degrees and 10 min, while for polyphenols were 50 percent ethanol, 50 Celsius degrees and 10 min; under these conditions depletion of plant material was achieved with recoveries of 98.56 percent for flavonoids and 100 percent for polyphenols in the fourth extraction. The extracts were characterized by TLC and HPLC with three standards (gallic acid, catechin and quercetin). Thus, quercetin was detected in hydroethanolic extracts with an Rf of 0.62 and a retention time of 27 min. In TLC, 9 bands were also detected, with apparently methylated and glycosylated groups, while in HPLC 14 representative peaks were detected that share both extraction treatments for each wavelength used. The biological activities were tested in vitro. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using the protein denaturation method and red blood cells stabilization, whose protection values were 93.70 percent (EtOH50 percent) and 97.23 percent (EtOH25 percent); and 49.72 percent (EtOH25 percent) and 50.71 percent (EtOH50 percent), respectively. The antioxidant activity evaluated through the TBARs method, showed a protection equal to 77 percent (EtOH25 percent) and 73.11 percent (EtOH50 percent).
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Estudio del contenido de polifenoles, capacidad antioxidante y antiinflamtoria del extracto obtenido de tipo (Minthostachys mollis Griseb)
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-01) Muñoz Jumbo, Diana Lizbeth; Morales Acosta, Dayana Cristina
    The present research work is focused on the extraction of secondary metabolites, specifically phenolic compounds present in the tipo leaves (Minthostachys mollis Griseb) and the evaluation of their biological activities. Tipo plant extract was optimized by different factors (solvent, temperature, time and number of successive extractions) of these, methanol 50 percent, 50 Celsius degrees, 10 min with 4 successive extractions presented the optimal conditions to obtain the highest polyphenol and flavonoids content which was 70,115 more less 0.440 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram dry sample and 64.967 more less 0.858 mg catechin equivalents per gram dry sample, respectively. Two biological activities were evaluated, the antioxidant activity by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) method where the highest percentage of inhibition 68.987 percent was obtained at 1000 ug per mL. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by two methods: a) protein denaturation and b) human red blood cell membrane stabilization (HRBC) that presented an important percentage of protection (94.398 percent). Finally, the content of minerals present in tipo leaves was evaluated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and a high content of Ca and Mg was obtained (13174.749 mg per kg dry base and 5771.208 mg per kg dry base, respectively). Due to the presence of these biological activities, tipo could become a natural alternative that substitutes synthetic products and contributes to the treatment of various pathologies, in addition to providing essential nutrients to the human being.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Extracción, cuantificación y caracterización de compuestos fenólicos extraídos a partir de la Arquitecta (Lasiocephalus ovatus Schltdl), planta nativa del cerro Teligote
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-01) Espinosa Panchi, Melany Noemí; Morales Acosta, Dayana Cristina
    L. ovatus is a native plant from Teligote’s hill (1°22'39.2"S; 78°33'54.7"O; 3633 m.s.n.m.). It has used by locals people as diuretic and depurative. The aim of this research study was extract, quantify and characterize phenolic compounds obtained from L. ovatus. Dried and crushed leaves were used from the first step of optimization processed that consist of choosing the major solvent (water, methanol and ethanol), time (5, 10, 20 min) and temperature (30, 40, 50, 60 Celsius degrees). The best conditions to extract polyphenols in L. ovatus matrix were ethanol 50 percent (v/v), 50 Celsius degrees and 20 min, while by flavonoids were ethanol 50 percent (v/v), 60 Celsius degrees and 5 min. Depletion of vegetal material was made with 4 and 5 successive extractions for polyphenols and flavonoids, respectively. TLC and HPLC techniques were used to characterize phenolic compounds in the extracts of L. ovatus. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory activity was tested in vitro by HRBC obtained of were 98,04 more less 0,44 for flavonoids and 97,29 more less 0,12 for polyphenols and protein denaturation method with values of 36,30 more less 0,29 for polyphenols and 28,71 more less 0,63 for flavonoids. Antioxidant activity showed values 86,46 more less 0,83 y 84,18 more less 0,57 for polyphenols and flavonoids respectively. In this way it was concluded that L. ovatus presents in its structure phenolic components that confer important biological activities (anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity) thus supporting its use inside and outside the community of Teligote as a possible natural alternative.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Evaluación del contenido de Isotiocianatos de los extractos vegetales de mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), mostaza (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) y mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus) y su actividad nematicida in vitro para el control de Meloidogyne
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-12) Lara Moya, Luis Marcelo; Pomboza Tamaquiza, Pedro Pablo
    The amount of isothiocyanates present in alcoholic and aqueous plant extracts of Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum), Mustard (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) and Mastuerzo (Tropaeolum majus) was quantified. The solvents used for extraction were 96 percent ethanol and distilled water. The statistical analysis used was an AXB factorial design. The hydroalcoholic extract of Raphanus raphanistrum L. obtained the highest concentration of isothiocyanate (535,410 ug for ml) and percentage yield (30.67 percent). Same as its in vitro nematicide capacity was assessed against nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne at stage J2 at different concentrations (100, 50, 75, 50, 25, 15, 10, and 5 percent v / v), an absolute control (water distilled) and a chemical control (Metam sodium 1µl for 1L of distilled water) for 48 hours. The concentration with the greatest effect and the shortest time was 100 percent, which reduced the population by 93.33 more less 2.89 percent in the first two hours of exposure and 100 percent mortality at four hours. The assessment of the damage caused to the nematodes was carried out by optical microscopy, observing the internal damages (black-colored bulges) and external damages (detachment of its epidermis). The results obtained in the experimentation were satisfactory, demonstrating that there are new alternatives for the creation of nematicides of organic origin that do not cause damage to the environment and have the same effect as a nematicide of synthetic origin.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Desarrollo de formulaciones farmacéuticas microencapsuladas con propiedades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes a partir de extractos de la planta Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia (Kunth) Meisn
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-12) Vásquez Calero, Jonathan Alexander; López Hernández, Orestes Darío
    The present research work was based on the extraction of secondary metabolites of the plant Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia (Kunth) Meisn, flavonoids and total phenols were analyzed and quantified for their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. To take advantage of the properties of the metabolites, two microencapsulated microspheres were developed that contained the extract of Muehlenbeckia tamnifolia (Kunth) Meisn as an active ingredient, using two polymers of the saccharide type maltodextrin and gum arabic. To verify the properties of the microencapsulations, in vitro tests were carried out, the antioxidant activity was determined, which showed a maximum percentage of DPPH inhibition of 74.69 percent equivalent to 400.08 g l-1 of Trolox, the anti-inflammatory capacity was determined by stabilization of the erythrocyte membrane reaching a maximum value of 80.39 percent inhibition of hemolysis and its capacity to inhibit protein denaturation, achieving a maximum percentage of 54.82 percent inhibition of denaturation.