Carrera Ingeniería Bioquímica
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/809
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Item Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una empresa de laboratorios virtuales para simulación de procesos microbiológicos y bioquímicos en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Torres Paredes, Damián Raúl; Valencia Silva, Alex FabiánThe practical component within the academic and professional training of students allows linking the theory learnt in the classroom with reality. However, several limitations have been identified that have been accentuated by the COVID-19 health emergency. For this reason, the educational field has seen the need to implement technological tools that make it possible to meet the needs of education and modernise the teaching-learning process. Through the project developed, the feasibility was determined for the implementation of a virtual laboratory company for the simulation of microbiological and biochemical processes. The market study determined the acceptance of 25 and 26 percent of the sample of teachers and students respectively to acquire a licence for their own account. However, 100 percent of teachers and 66 percent of students agree that the educational institution should purchase these licences. The technical study located the company in the city of Ambato, province of Tungurahua, the technical characteristics of the product, the minimum requirements for its execution and the graphic identity criteria. Finally, an economic study and a financial analysis were carried out, where the project reflected an NPV value of 11342.76 USD, an IRR value of 38 percent, a benefit-cost ratio of 1.23 USD and a PRI value of 2 years and 7 months, thus demonstrating the viability of the project.Item Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una empresa de laboratorios virtuales para simulación de procesos microbiológicos y bioquímicos en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2021-09) Moreno Iza, Karla Daniela; Valencia Silva, Alex FabiánThe practical component within the academic and professional training of students allows linking the theory learnt in the classroom with reality. However, several limitations have been identified that have been accentuated by the COVID-19 health emergency. For this reason, the educational field has seen the need to implement technological tools that make it possible to meet the needs of education and modernise the teaching-learning process. Through the project developed, the feasibility was determined for the implementation of a virtual laboratory company for the simulation of microbiological and biochemical processes. The market study determined the acceptance of 25 and 26 percent of the sample of teachers and students respectively to acquire a licence for their own account. However, 100 percent of teachers and 66 percent of students agree that the educational institution should purchase these licences. The technical study located the company in the city of Ambato, province of Tungurahua, the technical characteristics of the product, the minimum requirements for its execution and the graphic identity criteria. Finally, an economic study and a financial analysis were carried out, where the project reflected an NPV value of 11342.76 USD, an IRR value of 38 percent, a benefit-cost ratio of 1.23 USD and a PRI value of 2 years and 7 months, thus demonstrating the viability of the project.Item Determinación de la velocidad máxima de transferencia de oxígeno y la velocidad específica máxima de consumo de oxígeno en cultivos por lote de la bacteria (Bacillus subtilis DS23) en un biorreactor(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos y Biotecnología. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2020-01) Robalino Travez, Daniela Estefanía; Cerda Mejía, Liliana AlexandraThis research was carried out with the purpose of optimizing the production of biosurfactant with amphipathic activity from Bacillus subtilis DS23, which has been characterized as one of the microorganisms that have the best performance when producing this type of compounds. The experimentation was carried out in a 5-liter bioreactor maintaining constant parameters such as pH at 6.5, temperature at 30 Celsius degrees and aeration in 1 volume of air per volume of medium per minute (vvm), working with speeds of agitation of 150, 200 and 300 revolutions per minute (rpm) being this the only parameter that was varied. It was shown that the production of biomass and bio-surfactant in a stirred tank bioreactor is strongly influenced by agitation. The best results of both biomass and biosurfactant were obtained at 300 rpm, agitation speed that was used to determine the parameters proposed in this investigation. Using the Humphrey dynamic method using air as an oxygen-carrying gas, the effect of dissolved oxygen in the medium on the growth and production of biosurfactant was assessed by estimating the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (KLa), the specific rate of oxygen consumption (qO2) and the oxygen transfer rate (VTO) obtaining 0.002 h-1, 0.079 mmol O2 for L * h and 0.312 h-1 respectively. It was decided to evaluate these parameters because they are key in aerobic crops, and they are intended to serve as scaling criteria in future research.Item Diversidad biológica y metabólica de actinomicetes aislados de suelo y arena de ecosistemas glaciares de la Antártida y del norte del Chimborazo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2015) Villacís Barrazueta, Juan José; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoItem Identificación de bacterias aisladas de ecosistemas glaciares, andinos y antárticos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-05) Palacios Mazón, Diego Marcelo; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoBacteria isolated from glacial, Andean and Antarctic ecosystems were identified. By rep-PCR using the BOX primer, 72 strains were genotypically characterized and a dendrogram was constructed by numerical taxonomy, using the Pearson coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining the formation of 10 groups. From these, representatives were selected for the sequencing of the 16S rDNA gene and phenotypic characterization. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene was performed by calculating the evolutionary distances of Jukes & Cantor and the Neighbor-Joining algorithm, allowing the identification of 11 different species. Of which, strains DG-222 and DG-203 probably belong to new species. However, further studies are necessary to demonstrate this. Through the phenotypic characterization, a dendrogram of numerical taxonomy of phenotypic data was constructed using the SSM coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining the formation of 21 phenetic groups with 84,6 percent similarity. Most of the collection was determined as Gram negative, psychrotroph, neutrotolerant, weak halophilic or halophilic. In addition, new physiological characteristics of 4 different species were discovered. The analysis of polyphasic taxonomy with the strains that had fingerprinting patterns similar to the identified species, managed to locate 35 strains according to the molecular characterization. Forming 16 phenetic groups at 90 percent similarity and determining the polyphase taxonomic position of 48,6 percent of the collection. Probably, the diversity of the collection is underestimated and there could be species that have not been identified in this study. It is necessary to carry out a second analysis of the strains that were excluded in the analyzes.Item Determinación de la diversidad de actinomicetes aislados de ecosistemas glaciares de los Andes y la Antártida(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2019-05) Chamorro Sevilla, María Belén; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoWere identified 152 strains of actinomycetes molecularly isolated from cold ecosystems of Antarctica, Cotopaxi and Chimborazo. Through the amplification of the fingerprinting patterns by rep-PCR, using the first BOX A1R1, I was able to construct the genotypic dendrogram generated by the Pearson coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, obtaining 23 species-groups. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA gene was constructed by calculating the evolutionary distances of Jukes & Cantor and the Neighbor - Joining algorithm. It was possible to identify 4 different species, which belonged to the genus Streptomyces, while the strain DE-067 was associated to the genus Nocardia. On the other hand, by phenotypic characterization it was determined that most of the strains of this study were mesophilic, weak halophilic and neutrotolerant. In addition, they have a great ability to metabolize amino acids as a source of carbon and nitrogen. With the obtained results, the phenotypic dendrogram was constructed by the SSM coefficient and the UPGMA algorithm, determining 23 species-groups at 89 percent similarity. Subsequently, the molecular identification of the collection was carried out using the 16S rDNA gene, with the strains that shared fingerprinting patterns like the identified species. Achieving taxonomically position 87 strains, in 14 groups-species at 80 percent similarity. As it is evident, it is necessary to complement the results obtained in this study, by means of the molecular identification of the strains that were not sequenced, to know with certainty the diversity of actinomycetes in the collection.Item Taxonomía polifásica de actinomicetes útiles en biotecnología(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-12) Baquero Vayas, Diana Estefanía; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoThirty strains of actinomycetes isolated from garden soil were characterized by polyphasic taxonomy and identified molecularly by sequencing the coding gene for 16S rRNA, the latter resulting in nine species closely related to the culture collection, these are Streptomyces griseiniger, Streptomyces cangkringensis, Streptomyces rhizosphaericus, Streptomyces sporoclivatus, Streptomyces malaysiensis, Streptomyces decoyicus, Streptomyces fildesensis, Streptomyces rhizosphaerihabitans, Streptomyces spiroverticillatus, thus obtaining a diversity percentage of 30 percent, this was corroborated by the variety of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics determined. The phenetic groups showed greater coherence and homogeneity compared to the genotypic ones, however, when analyzing them with the phylogenetic tree, relationship between the results was found. The collection of actinomycetes proved to be mostly, halophilic, neutrotolerant and mesophilic, in addition to expressing potential for the degradation of complex carbon sources and the use of amino acids as a carbon and nitrogen source. The importance of this work lies in the complementarity of these three tools for the characterization and identification of microorganisms, which continue from selective isolation, and the achievement of a profile to determine the biotechnological potential of the same, step that should be followed in this work. The option of taking the 16S phylogenetic analysis as a starting point for the characterization of microorganisms is also suggested, having as a basis the molecular identification to guide an adequate profiling of them with genotyping and finally phenotypic tests to determine their culture conditions and growth in order to identify its biotechnological utility.Item Caracterización fenotípica de actinomicetes aislados de suelos contaminados con hidrocarburos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-07) Chamorro Medina, Jessica Paola; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoNinety-three strains of actinomycetes, isolated from soils contaminated with petroleum derivatives, from the Sacha field were used for the determination of phenotypic and metabolic diversity. Eighteen groups-species were identified, presenting a similarity greater than 90 percent, after performing numerical taxonomy of phenotypic data. Likewise, all crops were grown in Bushnell-Hass, enriched with gasoline, diesel and oil, as the only source of carbon and energy. It was determined that 89 percent of microorganisms can use different hydrocarbons in their metabolism and that only the representatives of two groups-species do not have this capacity. 92.2 percent of actinomycetes can use gasoline as a substrate, 83.9 percent diesel and 60 percent oil. The results show that this group of actinomycetes presents a great phenotypic and metabolic diversity. These characteristics could be studied to determine the potential use in in-situ bioremediation processes.Item Determinación preliminar de producción de compuestos bioactivos de actinomicetes y bacterias aislados de ecosistemas glaciares andinos y antárticos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-03) Estrada Espín, María Cristina; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoSeventy-nine actinomycete and thirty-three bacterial strains were isolated from soil and sand samples collected from glacial ecosystems from Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Antarctica. Microorganisms were phenotypically characterized and their capacity to produce bioactive compounds against several microorganisms was determined. The results were analyzed by numerical taxonomy at 90 percent similarity. Actinomycetes were divided in forty phenetic groups, while bacteria were divided in twenty-nine. Fifty-five actinomycetes were isolated from Chimborazo, sixteen from Cotopaxi and four from Antarctica. In relation to bacteria seventeen strains came from Chimborazo, fourteen from Cotopaxi and one from Antarctica. The phenotypic data related to the growth depending on the temperatura, showed that all isolated microorganisms presented mesophilic characteristics. Respect to tolerance to NaCl, 61 percent bacteria presented growth characteristics over of salt levels up 15 percent w/v in medium , while actinomycetes only supported concentrations about 1 percent NaCl. Regarding production capacity of bioactive compounds, 84 percent of actinomycetes and 70 percent of bacteria isolated, showed antagonistic activity against the model microorganisms used. The actinomycetes DE002 and DE053 strains produced metabolites with bactericidal characteristics and DE006, DE031, DE081, DE083 and DE084 strains fungicidal metabolites. Bacteria were not able to produce compounds with bactericidal or fungicidal capacity and were only effective for certain species of microorganisms. Data obtained in the current investigation, demonstrated wide metabolic and phenotypic diversity of actinomycetes and bacteria present in glacial ecosystems. Further studies are necessary to explore its potential for the industrial production of bioactive compounds.Item Determinación preliminar de producción de compuestos bioactivos de actinomicetes y bacterias aislados de ecosistemas glaciares andinos y antárticos(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ciencia e Ingeniería en Alimentos. Carrera de Ingeniería Bioquímica, 2018-03) Díaz Ortíz, Adriana Patricia; Rodríguez Meza, Carlos AlbertoSeventy-nine actinomycete and thirty-three bacterial strains were isolated from soil and sand samples collected from glacial ecosystems from Chimborazo, Cotopaxi and Antarctica. Microorganisms were phenotypically characterized and their capacity to produce bioactive compounds against several microorganisms was determined. The results were analyzed by numerical taxonomy at 90 percent similarity. Actinomycetes were divided in forty phenetic groups, while bacteria were divided in twenty-nine. Fifty-five actinomycetes were isolated from Chimborazo, sixteen from Cotopaxi and four from Antarctica. In relation to bacteria seventeen strains came from Chimborazo, fourteen from Cotopaxi and one from Antarctica. The phenotypic data related to the growth depending on the temperatura, showed that all isolated microorganisms presented mesophilic characteristics. Respect to tolerance to NaCl, 61 percent bacteria presented growth characteristics over of salt levels up 15 percent w/v in medium , while actinomycetes only supported concentrations about 1 percent NaCl. Regarding production capacity of bioactive compounds, 84 percent of actinomycetes and 70 percent of bacteria isolated, showed antagonistic activity against the model microorganisms used. The actinomycetes DE002 and DE053 strains produced metabolites with bactericidal characteristics and DE006, DE031, DE081, DE083 and DE084 strains fungicidal metabolites. Bacteria were not able to produce compounds with bactericidal or fungicidal capacity and were only effective for certain species of microorganisms. Data obtained in the current investigation, demonstrated wide metabolic and phenotypic diversity of actinomycetes and bacteria present in glacial ecosystems. Further studies are necessary to explore its potential for the industrial production of bioactive compounds.