Maestria en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental
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Item Los riesgos químicos y su incidencia en la salud ocupacional de los trabajadores del proceso de limpieza de filtros de aire de la empresa Teojama Comercial S.A., de la ciudad de Ambato, Provincia de Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2019) Thomé Chapanta, Hilda Fabiola; Vega Pérez, Geovanny JoséEXECUTIVE SUMMARY In the study carried out of the Chemical Risks and their incidence in the Occupational Health of the workers of the process of cleaning of air filters of the company Teojama Comercial SA, through the risk assessment based on the NTP 330: Simplified system of risk assessment of accident it was determined that the chemical risk has the level of intervention II, where it requires correcting and adopting control measures. Based on this preliminary investigation, a hygienic evaluation is carried out at the workplace where it is determined that workers are exposed to doses that exceed the permissible limit value according to what UNE 17330-2 indicates; 2014. Through laboratory tests, the type of solid waste that is deposited in the work environment when performing the activity of cleaning air filters is analyzed, resulting in the presence of silicon, lead and mercury metals. , which clearly demonstrates the negative effect it can have on workers' respiratory health. For the verification of the dependent variable, a validated survey is carried out opportunely directed to the workers involved, who affirmed that the greater the exposure to the greater activity, the deterioration in their health. Taking into account the previous evaluations, we propose the design and construction of an air filter cleaning machine that works with compressed air that cleans the filter from the inside out, encapsulating the particulate material by depositing it in a cloth bag inside that can be removed without danger of contamination. The metallic structure is designed in the free software MDSOLIDS, the electronic operation is based on ARDUINO. The air filter cleaning machine corresponds to an effective solution not only of the chemical risk but also of other types of risks derived from the activity.Item Condiciones sub estándar de los puestos de trabajo y su incidencia en la disergonomía por carga postural del personal administrativo de la Dirección Distrital 23D01-Salud de Santo Domingo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2019) Cujilema Cujilema, Ricardo Javier; Cabrera Acosta, Andrés GonzaloEXCECUTIVE SUMARY The present work is carried out in the facilities of District Directorate 23D01-Salud of Santo Domingo, the study of the sub-standard conditions in the work posts, based on Executive Decree 2393 together with the Technical Safety Prevention Notes and Hygiene in the Work of Spain to identify the nonconformities in which the administrative personnel work. The postural load is evaluated using the RULA method in the work stations, selected from the data obtained from the surveys, allowing to obtain information from the most critically affected people originated by the substandard conditions present in their jobs. The research proposal is the development of ergonomic conditioning protocols to eliminate the substandard conditions of the jobs and avoid postural loads, which allows the redesign of jobs in areas of greater criticality beginning with the anthropometric measurements of workers of men and women obtaining a better development in their work activity, due to the conditioning of their work area towards the person, later the development of ergonomic control procedures is applied with the most predominant substandard conditions found in the study, reducing the risk to suffer damages of ergonomic origin to the worker, finally carrying out a follow-up through a risk control plan that allows to periodically evaluate the jobs that are optimal.Item Condiciones laborales y ambientales en las áreas de producción de Carrocerías Patricio cepeda Cia. Ltda. Y su influencia en la auditoría ambiental de cumplimiento(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Balladares Silva, Luis Darío; Brito Moina, Hanníbal LorenzoEsta investigación se realiza la auditoría ambiental en Patricio Cepeda Cía. Ltda., con las directrices de (Norma ISO 19011, 2011), se verifica y se cuantifica el cumplimiento de los de requisitos técnicos legales de la legislación ambiental ecuatoriana vigente, el cumplimiento del plan de manejo ambiental y cumplimiento del sistema de gestión bajo la norma (Norma ISO14001, 2015), se encuentra 18 no conformidades al verificar los ítems en la auditoría ambiental, diez hallazgos correspondientes a la legislación ambiental, cuatro corresponde al plan de manejo ambiental del estudio de impacto ambiental expost y cuatro corresponden al sistema de gestión, determinando el 90,03% del cumplimiento, se concluye como excelente la gestión de la empresa. Para el levantamiento de las no conformidades encontradas en la propuesta se presenta el plan de acción para el levantamiento de cada uno de los hallazgos, se muestra un cronograma que propone actividades valoradas y temporizadas, también se propone el mejoramiento a los programas de prevención, minimización de impactos ambientales, manejo de desechos, comunicación, capacitación, relaciones comunitarias, contingencias, seguridad y salud ocupacional, monitoreo y seguimiento, rehabilitación, cierre, abandono y entrega del área, el costo para el levantamiento de las no conformidades es de 3650 dólares y el costo para los doce meses del plan de manejo ambiental de 5100 dólares , además se analizan las sanciones que puede la empresa generar por incumplimientos ambientales donde puede ser sancionada la empresa con un valor de 75000 dólares americanos por incumplimientos a la normativa ambiental. Se concluye que Patricio Cepeda Cía, Ltda., debe implementar del plan de acción de acuerdo al cronograma presentado.Item El estrés térmico por calor y su incidencia en la salud de los trabajadores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Espinoza Guano, Mónica Paulina; Córdova Suárez, Manolo AlexanderEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present research arises from the need to avoid inadequate thermo-metabolic work conditions in the jobs of the production area of the bakery "Servipan Quitumbe", The hypothesis was how the thermal stress affects the health of the workers. The approach of research was quantitative and qualitative research, and the type of investigation was bibliographic and of field. The evaluation was done in each job post. This research process determined the WBGT index (EN 27243:1993) and the metabolic rate (ISO 8996:2004). These values allow calculate the work-rest percentage and the dose of exposure. In this study identified that the WBGT for the baker's post (33.43°C) exceeds the permissible limit value established in the COVENIN 2254:1995 standard that is 30.0°C for a heavy metabolism (metabolic rate =351.52 Kcal*h- 1). The dose registered in this job was 1.11. This indicating an intolerable risk, so that, this situation requires immediate action for reduce the thermal stress of the job, applying methods that include a 25% work rate - 75% rest. Also performed a medical evaluation to the workers, where was possible to identify that the most predominant health condition due to heat is the dehydration (28%), followed by pictures of dermatitis due to heat, dizziness and hand affections by contact with hot bodies. A survey was applied to the workers with questions about of study and based on their interpretation was possible to establish the appropriate recommendations that were the basis for the construction of a Thermal Stress Control Plan for the bakery "Servipan Quitumbe". This plan presents methods of control and safety procedures such as: training of staff on risk issues, acclimatization to staff that initiates or reenters to the job post after long vacation or sick leave, hydration and rest (it is proposed to build a booth for such effect) and health surveillance through the permanent realization of medical examinations and health promotion campaigns.Item Los sitios de trabajo y su relación en la generación de posturas forzadas en las tareas de entubado del proyecto de construcción del sistema de agua potable Chiquihurco Pelileo(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2017) Pérez Toapanta, Adriano Efraín; Mariño Rivera, Christian JoséEXECUTIVE SUMMARY The present research work is directed the study of ergonomic risk by forced postures, which projects the employer to make decisions about preventive measures that are possible to carry in the construction area in order to take care of the health of workers and to identify inside the processes of tubing, the tasks with greater exposure to forced postures. The main objective is to assess the level of risk by forced postures in the tubing tasks, generating safe working environments. Ergonomic measurements were made directly on the worker using ergonomic methods such as the REBA and the Check List Ocra, resulting in high risk levels due to forced postures and repetitive movements, which leads to better jobs through intervention of staff in this area. Through this need is proposed a prevention program that allows control of ergonomic risk factors by forced postures with necessary intervention, prevailing in the source of danger, in the medium of transmission and finally in the person.Item El sobreesfuerzo y su incidencia en los trastornos músculo esqueléticos de extremidades superiores de los trabajadores del Camal Frigorífico Municipal de Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial, 2015) Lascano Moreta, Alejandra Marlene; Córdova Suárez, Manolo AlexanderABSTRACT This work was carried out in the facilities of the Municipal refrigerator slaughterhouse de Ambato in the slaughtering area, an analysis of the different jobs was made taking main attention on the strains that demands the execution of activities, identifying mainly forced postures, load lifting and repetitive motions, which were analyzed by internationally recognized methods reaching recognition of levels of risks for which settles a muscular skeletal disorders prevention program applied to the area of slaughtering in order to decrease these risk levels and provide the part intended for the management of safety and industrial hygiene in the slaughterhouse of a series of steps to follow in order to protect the integrity of the workers.Item Los factores de riesgos y su incidencia en las condiciones de trabajo en operadores de sopladoras, inyectora y fajilladoras del área de producción de envases plásticos de la Empresa INPLASTICO(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial, 2015) Vega Pérez, Ricardo Paúl; Herrera Montenegro, Genny MargaritaABSTRACT This research concerns the Ergonomic Risk Factors found in manufacturing activities in the plastic packaging Inplastico company, which has meant that staff suffer accidents and illnesses in carrying out its activities in the production area, which is why it is necessary that the personnel are aware of the risks involved in this work and are trained to develop their activities. To initiate an investigation, hazard identification and appraisal of risk factors in each job is done, this information allows the initial estimate of risk which proceed to determine the degree of danger, then using the method Owas ergonomic analysis of postural load of all the jobs considering all its activities and sub activities are performed. The purpose of this research is to develop and implement ergonomics manual work together with active enterprise to apply it breaks.Item Factores de riesgos mecánicos y su incidencia en los accidentes de trabajo de los operadores del área de producción de paneles metálicos prensados en la Empresa I.M.C. (Industrias Metálicas Cotopaxi)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Dirección de Posgrado. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial, 2015) Vega Pérez, José Geovanny; Matehu Gonzales, CarlosEl presente trabajo de investigación se refiere a los Factores de Riesgos Mecánicos que se encuentran en las actividades de manufactura de paneles metálicos prensados en la empresa Industrias Metálicas Cotopaxi, lo cual ha ocasionado que el personal sufra accidentes de trabajo en el desempeño de sus actividades en el área de producción, razón por la cual es necesario que el personal sea consciente de los riesgos que conlleva este trabajo y se encuentre capacitado para desarrollar sus actividades. Para iniciar la investigación, se realiza la identificación de peligros y evaluación inicial de factores de riesgos mecánicos en cada puesto de trabajo, esta información permite realizar la estimación inicial del riesgo con lo cual se procede a determinar el Grado de Peligrosidad, posteriormente utilizando el método de W. Fine se realiza el cálculo del Grado de Repercusión y por último se prioriza los riesgos mecánicos presentes de acuerdo al criterio del método. El objeto de esta investigación es desarrollar e implementar el manual de procedimientos de trabajo para aplicarlo en la empresa. ABSTRACT This research concerns the mechanical risks factors found in the activities of manufacturing pressed metal panels Industrias Metálicas Cotopaxi, which has caused personal suffering accidents in the performance of its activities in the production area, which is why it is necessary that staff are aware of the risks involved in this work and are trained to develop their activities. To initiate, hazard identification and initial evaluation of mechanical risk factors every job is done, this information allows the initial estimate of risk with which we proceed to determine the degree of threat, then using the method Fine W. calculation is performed Degree of Impact and finally present mechanical risks according to the criteria of the method is prioritized. The purpose of this research is to develop and implement procedures manual labor to apply in the company.Item Los riesgos físicos y su incidencia en las condiciones de seguridad y salud ocupacional de los trabajadores en la Empresa Metalmecánica Maquinarias Espín(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado, 2014) Espín Guerrero, Víctor Rodrigo; Reyes Vásquez, John PaúlEl estudio en la empresa metalmecánica Maquinarias “Espín” inicia con el diagnóstico a través de la utilización de matrices establecidas por el Ministerio de Relaciones Laborales del Ecuador, encuestas formuladas bajo varios criterios de análisis y exámenes ocupacionales específicos, siendo los factores de riesgo físicos encontrados en los diferentes puestos de trabajo, como deficiente iluminación en el área administrativa con 177.68 lux de los 300 lux requeridos, nivel de ruido con 88.95 dBA diario frente a los 85 dBA, en el área de ajustaje que ocasiona enfermedades profesionales como hipoacusia por la alta exposición. La importancia radica en establecer una cultura preventiva en las empresas artesanales metalmecánicas de nuestro país para lo cual se desarrolla un manual con procedimientos adecuados para la gestión de seguridad industrial, donde se establecen estrategias de medición y muestreo además de medidas de control, lo cual permite aplicar y obtener la evaluación acertada de los riesgos existentes. Descriptores: Condiciones de seguridad y salud ocupacional, hipoacusia, iluminación deficiente, estrés térmico, metalmecánica, normativa, radiaciones, riesgos físicos, ruido excesivo, vibraciones. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The research at the “Espin” metal mechanic machinery started with the diagnostic through the use of formats provided by the Ecuadorian Labor Department, these are elaborated inquest done under the analysis of specific occupational tests, the findings were, fiscal risks at the work stations, poor lighting at the administrative area with 177.68 lux from 300 required, high level noise, over 88.95 dBA compared to the 85 maximum recommended, this can be the cause of occupational diseases such as hearing loss due to high exposure. The importance of this study is to secure a preventive culture at the small metal mechanics shops in our country, thus we propose the development of a safety manual which rule the procedures for this area. This will have a set of strategies for data collection and measurement risk assessment associated the work stations. The use of these statistic tools will help to evaluate the existing risks and apply stronger safety measures.Item Prevención de riesgos laborales y el control de accidentes en los talleres y laboratorios de la Facultad de Mecánica de la Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (Espoch) de la Ciudad de Riobamba(Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Dirección de Posgrado, 2014) Jácome Valdez, Marcelo Antonio; Herrera Montenegro, Genny MargaritaEl presente trabajo de investigación tiene como finalidad el de realizar la prevención de riesgos laborales y el control de accidentes en los talleres y laboratorios de la Facultad de Mecánica de la Espoch de la ciudad de Riobamba, se empieza con la identificación de riesgos utilizando la matriz de riesgos PGV, y paralelamente realizamos unas encuestas a los docentes, Estudiantes y Empleados que ocupan los talleres y laboratorios de la facultad con la finalidad de conocer si han identificado los riesgos que se generan durante la realización de cada práctica en los talleres y laboratorios. Posteriormente a la tabulación de la información planteamos la propuesta en donde aplicamos la NORMA NTP 330, para determinar el nivel de deficiencia que tiene cada uno de los talleres y laboratorios y establecer el nivel de intervención que ameritan cada uno de ellos y plantear las medidas a tomar, se ha elaborado también el plan de emergencias para la facultad de mecánica de la Espoch. The present research is aimed at performing the risk prevention and control of accidents in workshops and laboratories of the faculty of mechanics in ESPOCH in Riobamba, the study stars with risk identification using matrix PGV risk, and parallel surveys were conducted to teachers, students and employees whom utilize workshops and laboratories of the faculty in order to determine whether the risks have been identified that are during the performance of each practice in workshops and laboratories. Following the tabulation of the information it was set out the proposal in which it was applied the NTP 330 NORMA, to determine the level of efficiency of each of the workshops and laboratories and to establish the level of intervention that warrant each of them and propose the measures to be taken, has also developed emergency plan for faculty of mechanics in ESPOCH.