Laboratorio Clínico
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Item Prevalencia de anemia en adultos mayores de 65 años en la Asociación Jurídica de Adultos Mayores de la parroquia Chiquicha, cantón Pelileo, provincia Tungurahua(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-03-05) Torres Chuncho, Washington Paul; Rosero Freire, Daniela AlexandraAnaemia in the elderly is a common condition, which is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Currently 10% of elderly people living in rural communities suffer from anaemia, which affects their lifestyle. Although studies show that anaemia in the elderly is a major problem, there are currently few studies in rural areas in Ecuador that report on the epidemiological status of this condition. The objective of this research was to establish the prevalence of anaemia in members of the Legal Association of Older Adults of the Chiquicha Parish, Pelileo Canton, in the province of Tungurahua. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study was carried out in which a general prevalence of anaemia of 8.3% was obtained. A complete haemogram was carried out in which haemoglobin values, haemacytometric indices and reticulocyte percentage were obtained, which allowed us to establish that the anaemias were of the normocytic normochromic normochromic and regenerative normocytic type of mild degree. It was concluded that the presence of anaemia in older adults was mainly correlated with the coexistence of chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and hypothyroidism.Item Variación del perfil hematológico y bioquímico en pacientes dializados antes y después de este tratamiento(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2024-03-05) Pérez Salazar, Noelia Nataly; Tabares Rosero, Lourdes GiocondaIntroduction: Chronic kidney disease has developed in recent years and has become one of the top 10 leading causes of death worldwide. Patients undergoing dialysis require monitoring of hematological and biochemical parameters to detect the progression of the disease and assess the quality of treatment. Objective: To evaluate the variation in different parameters of the hematological and biochemical profile in patients before and after dialysis. Methods: a comprehensive literature review was conducted with 24 scientific articles obtained from digital databases such as Google Scholar, SciELO, PubMed, Elsevier, related to chronic kidney disease and the measurement of hematological and biochemical parameters in patients during pre and post-dialysis. Results: Most hematological parameters, such as red blood cells, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, and platelets, significantly increase after treatment. On the other hand, both urea and creatinine decreased during post-dialysis measurements, although they did not decrease enough to reach normal values. Conclusions: Dialysis produces positive changes in hematological profile parameters, as levels increase after treatment. It also helps eliminate toxins from the blood by demonstrating a decrease in urea and creatinine.Item Parámetros hematológicos como apoyo diagnóstico para evaluar la anemia en edad adulta tardía(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-21) Chacón Molina, Erika Lisbeth; Rosero Freire, Daniela AlexandraAnemia in late adulthood is one of the most frequent alterations attributed mainly to the aging process and comorbidities, which is why the objective of this study was to identify the main hematological parameters that support the diagnosis of anemia in late adulthood. The methodology used was a bibliographic review carried out from original articles from databases such as: Medline, Scielo, BVS, ELSEVIER and Google Scholar, published in Spanish and English in the last 5 years. Through the results obtained, it was possible to determine that the main hematological parameter used for the diagnosis of anemia is hemoglobin and the mean corpuscular volume MCV that allow determining the existence of anemia, its severity and type. The most prevalent anemia was mild and of the normocytic type, which is associated with the presence of chronic pathologies. Once the investigation has been developed, it is concluded that the hematological parameters are fundamental for the diagnosis and identification of the type of anemia in the elderly, allowing to establish the appropriate treatment for it.Item Infecciones parasitarias intestinales en niños de 5 a 9 años de la parroquia Unamuncho del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-09-21) Zurita Zamora, Lizeth Estefanía; Vilcacundo Córdova, Mario FernandoOne of the most recurrent diseases nowadays is caused by intestinal parasites due to lack of hygiene and insalubrity. Parasitosis occurs mainly in developing countries due to the high prevalence rate. The main objective of the following research is to determine the relationship between parasitosis, hemoglobin levels and body mass index in children from 5 to 9 years old in the parish of Unamuncho, Canton Ambato. In which, a population of 70 individuals was collected to analyze different parameters. Thus, a blood sample was taken to determine hemoglobin levels and a stool sample was taken to identify the presence of intestinal parasites using the Faust flotation technique. On the other hand, the Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined by taking weight and height. At the same time, a survey was administered to each child's legal representative to collect information on hygiene habits. It was determined that, of the total population, 78.6% had parasites (54.5% Monoparasitosis and 45.5% Polyparasitosis). Meanwhile, 40% corresponded to commensal parasites and 60% to pathogenic parasites. Protozoa were found in 91% and Helminths in 9%. The types of parasites found were Chromistae (Blastocystis sp. 49%), Protozoa (Entamoeba coli cyst 36.4%, Endolimax nana cyst 21.8%, Enthamoeba complex cyst 21.8%, Chilomastix mesnili cyst 1.8%, Chilomastix mesnili cyst 1.8%, Chilomastix mesnili cyst 1.8%) and Helm inths 1.8%.Item Parasitosis y su relación con anemia y desnutrición en niños de 5 a 9 años de la parroquia Izamba del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-22) Saquinga Chango, Tatiana Michelle; Valenzuela Sánchez, Gabriela PaolaEl presente estudio tiene como objetivo identificar la relación entre parasitosis, anemia y desnutrición, participaron 100 niños de 5 a 9 años de la parroquia de Izamba del Cantón Ambato, los datos se obtuvieron posterior a obtener el consentimiento por parte de los tutores de los menores, se analizaron datos sociodemográficos mediante una encuesta, se tomaron muestras de sangre para determinar los niveles de hemoglobina y heces para la observación de parásitos, mediante la Técnica de Faust, además, se tomaron datos antropométricos como talla y peso para el análisis del IMC, como resultados se obtuvieron que la población analizada estaba conformada mayormente por niños/as de 7 años, se determinó que el 69% de niños/as se encontraban parasitados, con mayor prevalencia de niños/as poliparasitados (62%), y alto porcentaje de la especie de Blastocytis spp. (39%), en menor cantidad se encontró quiste de Iodamoeba butschlii, huevos de Hymenolepis nana y huevos de Áscaris lumbricoides con el 1%, solo el 2% presento anemia y el 3% presento bajo peso. Mediante la prueba estadística del Chi-cuadrado de Pearson se mostró que no hay relación entre la presencia de parásitos, anemia y desnutrición. Se concluyó que la parasitosis no sería directamente causante de anemia y desnutrición.Item Parasitosis intestinal y su relación con anemia y desnutrición en niños de 5 a 9 años de la parroquia Totoras del cantón Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-22) Mejia Chisaguano, Andrés Paúl; Valenzuela Sánchez, Gabriela PaolaThe main objective of this research was to determine intestinal parasitosis and its relationship with anemia and malnutrition in children from 5 to 9 years of age in Totoras, Ambato, Tungurahua province, since one of the most recurrent problems today are diseases caused by intestinal parasites, mainly in developing countries and they are highly prevalent, generally, due to improper sanitary manipulation of food, many factors such as unhealthy conditions are related to parasitic infections, lack of hygiene and socioeconomic deficiencies. The total population was 100 children, of whom samples of feces were analyzed to identify parasites and check them using the Faust technique and blood samples to determine hemoglobin levels, in addition to applying a series of questions to collect important information. It was determined that 55% of the total population presented intestinal parasitosis, among the parasites, there is a high prevalence of Blastocystis sp of 35%. The main risk factors associated with intestinal parasitosis are inadequate housing infrastructure, low level of education of legal guardians, and lack of good deworming control of both the child and the animals around them. There is a significant relationship between intestinal parasitosis and low hemoglobin levels; however, there is no relationship between the presence of parasites and the degree of malnutrition in children between 5 and 9 years of age in Totoras parish.Item Vitamina B12 y trastornos hematológicos en la edad adulta tardía(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-22) Castillo Moposita, Katherine Paola; Ramos Ramírez, Martha CeciliaObjective: To analyze vitamin B12 and its relationship with hematological disorders in late adulthood, evaluating biomarkers of greater interest and reliability in the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. Methodology: An analytical, cross-sectional, field design was carried out that relates the causes to each other, obtaining the indicators of vitamin B12 and hematological disorders in the elderly. We included 85 patients from the Tisaleo canton of the province of Tungurahua characterized by being adults aged 65 to 90 years, both men and women, regardless of ethnicity, race, or social-economic situation Results: No association was found between low levels of vitamin B12 with anyhematological disorder, since the mean values of the sample are within normal parameters. However, decreased vitamin B12 concentrations were found at the 25th and 50th percentiles, but hemoglobin (HBG), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values were normal. At the 75th percentile, vitamin B12 levels were normal, but within the components of the blood count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was slightly elevated. Conclusions: Vitamin B12 is an essential substance that participates in different metabolic mechanisms of people. The study determined that levels of this vitamin are within normal parameters and was not associated with any hematological disorder.