Ciencias de la Salud
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Item Adaptación pictográfica de la escala de Lawton y Brody auto evaluable en el adulto mayor(2025-03-11) Erazo Barona, Lissette Katherine; Moscoso Córdova, Grace Verónica; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Centro de PosgradosDuring the aging process, changes occur that affect various areas of the body, leading to a decrease in physical function and motor ability. These changes can restrict or reduce the ability to perform activities of daily living, especially the more complex ones, known as instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). These include tasks such as using the telephone, housekeeping, preparing meals, shopping, doing laundry, managing finances, taking medication, and using public transportation. Therefore, there is a need to assess functionality in the elderly population using the LawtonBrody Scale, a widely recognized instrument for measuring people's ability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The functionality of elderly people from four cantons belonging to the province of Tungurahua was assessed, which is particularly important because this region, like many others, faces a progressive demographic aging. This implies that more and more people will reach advanced ages, and therefore, it is crucial to identify possible functional impairments early. This will allow the design and implementation of interventions aimed at improving their quality of life and maintaining their autonomy for as long as possible. The research identified the need to implement a modification of the scale to facilitate selfassessment of functionality. For this reason, it is very important to adapt the Lawton-Brody Scale pictographically, which would allow the elderly population to self-assess in a more accessible and understandable way, in this way they can know their functional status and request help in time if necessary. The use of simple visual representations of the activities to be assessed is especially beneficial for those people with cognitive difficulties or reading limitations, as it reduces comprehension barriers and promotes a more intuitive assessment. This adaptation not only facilitates the direct participation of older adults in their own assessment, but would also improve the accuracy of the results by better reflecting their personal perception of their functional abilities.Item Estrategias de intervención fisioterapéutica en muñeca y mano para mejorar las respuestas sensoriales y funcionales en pacientes con neuropatía periférica diabética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2023-03-01) Naranjo Quinteros, Juan Gabriel; Reales Chacón, Lisbeth Josefina Dra.Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a pathology that affects both sensory and motor neurons, causing a decrease in sensitivity, nerve conduction velocity, as well as affecting hand dexterity and maximum grip strength. The aim of this study was to perform a physiotherapeutic intervention on the hand and wrist for 8 weeks to improve their sensory and functional responses. It was performed under a quantitative - analytical, prospective longitudinal approach, applying the evaluation instruments whose results were statistically analyzed by means of the SPSS program. For this purpose, 34 patients with NPD were required at the beginning, but only 17 were able to complete the 8 weeks of intervention. They were subjected to evaluations which consisted of assessing their sensory responses (tactile, thermal, vibratory, pressure and reflex sensitivity) and functional responses (maximum grip strength by dynamometry) before and after the intervention. The intervention consisted of resistance exercises to strengthen wrist and hand flexor and extensor muscles. The results showed that the individuals significantly im proved their grip strength compared to their initial state (p=0.000) there was also a significant improvement in the percentage of reflex evaluation (17.6% normal at the beginning - 76.5% at the end). The data obtained from the evaluation of sensitivity had positive results; however, the initial and final relationship was not significant (p=0.323). The findings showed that it wasxii demonstrated that. The intervention with physiotherapeutic exercise in wrist and hand served to improve sensory and functional responses in the population with NPD.Item Estrategias de intervención con movilizaciones neurales para mejorar las respuestas sensoriales y funcionales en la neuropatía periférica diabética(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2023-03-01) Mayorga Reinoso, Alba Selena; Reales Chacón, Lisbeth Josefina Dra.Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a condition in which glucose levels are not normal and cause damage to peripheral nerve fibers causing diabetic neuropathy, being the most frequent the sensory-motor, whose symptoms include altered tactile perception, temperature, loss of sensation in hands and feet. The evidence of treatments that include neural mobilization is limited, so the aim of this study is to determine whether intervention strategies with neural mobilization improve sensory and functional responses in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. A quantitative-analytical, prospective longitudinal study was carried out. Applying the instruments and whose results were statistically evaluated through the SSPSS program. The instruments applied correspond to a clinical record for the collection of relevant data such as age, sex, BMI, personal pathological history, the Michigan test that carries a questionnaire of 15 questions related to the symptoms in the last week and an exploratory physical examination to know the patient's condition (foot morphology, skin condition, ulcers, amputations), evaluation of tactile and thermal sensitivityxiv (dermatomas: C5, C6, C7, C8, T1, L2, L3, L4, L5, S1, S2) and vibratory (olecranon, radial styloid, external malleolus and hallux), dynamometry where the maximum hand grip strength and foot dorsiflexion strength are evaluated; these instruments applied pre and post treatment. Being a small sample, the entire population of 37 diabetic individuals was included in the intervention with neural mobilizations of sliding type for the median, radial, ulnar, sciatic and peroneal nerves, in daily sessions during 8 weeks. In the relationship of variables, the Student's T revealed data of a significant improvement in this group since the second evaluation obtained positive results after the intervention, where the strategies of sliding neural mobilization for upper and lower limb are optimal to reduce symptoms such as cramps, numbness, loss of sensitivity to touch, temperature and vibration in hands and feet. However, these strategies do not affect foot morphology and skin appearance. These results provide reliability of neural mobilization as a conservative treatment in diabetic peripheral neuropathyItem Evaluación funcional del miembro inferior en futbolistas(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Fisioterapia, 2022-09-01) López López, Freddy Israel; Espín Pastor, Victoria Estefanía, Lcda. MSc.The present research work aims to analyze the functional strength of the lower limb of soccer players through functional tests such as the two-legged squat, single-legged squat and vertical jump, which are tests that allow knowing the functional strength as well as the explosive force of the lower limb. The research has a quantitative approach evaluating the muscle strength that is compromised in the activity of soccer players. The tests to be carried out are a standard that allows a quick evaluation in which data is obtained on functional strength as well as shortcomings presented by soccer players that are directly related to their performance both in training and in a match.