Ciencias de la Salud
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Item IMPACTO DE LA LACTANCIA MATERNA Y ALIMENTACIÓN COMPLEMENTARIA EN LA MALNUTRICIÓN(2025-06-18) Álvarez Peñaherrera Camila Domenica; Llangari Zurita Mirian Isabel; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaIntroduction: Breastfeeding and complementary feeding initiate the growth and development of cognitive, physical, and emotional capacities in humans. Good practices are reinforced when understanding the health context of women and infants in Latin America, as over 50% of breastfeeding individuals face challenges in providing a healthy feeding process during the early days of infancy. Objective: Identify the role of breastfeeding and complementary feeding in preventing malnutrition, through the analysis of good practices and factors influencing non-compliance in Latin American countries. Methods: Updated information from primary and secondary sources in the last 5 years has been compiled, prioritizing research focused on Latin America, available in medical databases, academic works, conferences, and official bulletins. Results: Breastfeeding and early feeding are crucial for the baby's brain development, providing key nutrients and strengthening the intestinal microbiota. Malnutrition, linked to socio-economic and cultural factors, negatively impacts child growth. It is essential to promote exclusive breastfeeding and proper nutrition to prevent diseases and ensure long-term healthy development. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of breastfeeding for cognitive development and infant health, encouraging women to take responsible care in infant feeding, preventing malnutrition, and strengthening the immune system from the early months of life.Item PREVALENCIA DE MALNUTRICIÓN EN EL ADULTO MAYOR INSTITUCIONALIZADO DEL CANTÓN AMBATO(2025-06-18) Tipán Villena, Jonathan Josué; Arteaga Almeida, Cristina Alexandra; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de Nutrición y DietéticaThis research paper highlights the prevalence of malnutrition in institutionalized older adults in the Ambato canton, focusing on risk factors, dietary intake, and nutritional status. Malnutrition in this age group is a public health problem influenced by socioeconomic, genetic, lifestyle, and dietary factors, all of which are exacerbated by the growing aging population and inadequate care. Identifying these issues is challenging, as diagnoses are often made too late. The study conducted is cross-sectional with both quantitative and qualitative approaches, evaluating 50 older adults from two institutions through body perimeter measurements, body mass index (BMI), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) survey. The main risks found include social isolation, stress, functional dependency, depression, and poor dietary intake. The results showed that 50% of the population is underweight, 58% are at risk of malnutrition, and 22% are already affected by it, due to insufficient calorie intake and low weight, with no significant correlation with muscle mass or body fat. Malnutrition in older adults is not solely related to the amount of energy consumed, but also to the quality of their diet, physical activity, and emotional support. Therefore, it is recommended to promote physical activity, encourage social and psychological support to ensure a better quality of life for the vulnerable population.Item PARASITOSIS INTESTINAL EN NIÑOS Y ADOLESCENTES CON MALNUTRICIÓN(2025-06-17) Amaya Criollo, Lisbeth Estefania; Chasillacta Amores, Fabiola Beatriz; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaIntroduction: Intestinal parasitosis represents a public health problem, since they are infections that occur by the ingestion of protozoan cysts, eggs or worm larvae, these are transmitted by the consumption of water or food contaminated with fecal matter, from person to person or from animals to humans, the social factors that influence are poverty, geographic condition, infrastructure of health services, education and lifestyle. Objective: To determine intestinal parasitosis in children and adolescents with malnutrition. Methods: Quantitative research approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and descriptive scope, with a population of 46 children and adolescents from the Salcedo Canton of the Jardín del Edén Foundation. Information was collected by taking anthropometric measurements and coproparasitic examination. Results: Of the total of 46 children and adolescents it was evident that according to the BMI/Age 67.4% were normal and 32.5% with malnutrition (due to deficit and excess), also 82.6% were found with parasitosis, with protozoa predominating 96.5% over helminths 3.5%, of which the greatest predominance was in the female sex 43.5%, the main species found were: Amoeba coli cyst 30.6%, amoeba histolytica 28.3% and giardia lamblia 15.3%. Conclusion: Intestinal parasitosis in children and adolescents in this research has nothing to do with malnutrition, because some of them had a normal nutritional status and despite that they had parasitosis.Item CONDUCTAS ALIMENTARIAS DE RIESGO DE MALNUTRICIÓN E IMAGEN CORPORAL EN ESCOLARES Y ADOLESCENTES DE UNA POBLACIÓN RURAL ECUATORIANA(2025-06-17) Espín Molina, Amanda Rosmery; Arráiz de Fernández, Carolina; Universidad Técnica de Ambato / Facultad de Ciencias de Salud / Carrera de EnfermeríaRisky eating behaviors and malnutrition represent important health problems in humanity, as well as body image has a great influence on self-esteem. The objective of the research is to determine the risky eating behaviors of malnutrition and body image in schoolchildren and adolescents of a rural Ecuadorian population. The type of study is quantitative in approach, non-experimental design, cross-sectional and correlational in scope. Developed in a rural area, La Victoria parish, Pujilí canton in the province of Cotopaxi (Ecuador), in the period from May to August 2024. With a population of 216 participants, with a representative sample of 152 participants, of which 21 are schoolchildren and 131 adolescents. Two questionnaires were applied: the Brief Questionnaire of Risky Eating Behaviors (CBCAR) with validity and Cronbach's alpha of 0.83 and the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) with validity and Cronbach's alpha of 0.96. A predominance in adolescents was found 86.18%, with a slightly higher distribution in men 51.97%, academically the majority belong to 7th-10th grade at 52.63%, it is observed that 90.79% do not present risk of eating disorder, however 9.21% present risk and are adolescents. Both children and adolescents do not present a significant concern about their body image with 74.34% of adolescents and 7.89% of boys; finally, it is observed that the majority of participants without risk of eating disorder are not worried about their body image 75%. In conclusion, the majority do not present a risk of eating disorders, nor significant concern about their body image, although further research is suggested to better understand the relationship between body dissatisfaction and eating behaviors.Item ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN LA PRIMERA INFANCIA, SEGÚN NIVELES DE SEGURIDAD ALIMENTARIA Y NUTRICIONAL EN UNA COMUNIDAD RURAL DEL CANTÓN LATACUNGA(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-09-27) Rivadeneira Quiroga, Marina Alejandra; Guanga Lara, Verónica ElizabethThe objective of this research was to associate nutritional status and food security in early childhood in a rural community of Latacunga in order to know the number of families suffering from food insecurity and how many children within them suffer from malnutrition, for which a crossectional descriptive observational study was conducted. The samples used were 34 children from 1 to 3 years old who belong to a child development center in the Ashpacruz sector of the city of Latacunga. As a source of information, the nutritional status of the children was evaluated through weight and length/height in addition to two surveys, one conducted by the researcher with socio economic characteristics and general data of the caregiver, availability and access to food, water for consumption, among other determinants, and the ELCSA survey to determine the level of food insecurity of the children and their families. The results obtained show that only global malnutrition is related to food insecurity according to the statistical test applied and that most of the population studied has some type of malnutrition. In addition, it was evidenced that most families suffer from moderate food insecurity, which shows that the studied population and their families have a reduced amount of food and that these foods are not of good nutritional quality being data of utmost importance due to the prevalence of malnutrition in the country and the impact that food security has on society today.Item ALTERACIÓN DEL ESTADO NUTRICIONAL EN PACIENTES CON ENFERMEDAD PULMONAR OBSTRUCTIVA CRÓNICA (EPOC)(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Medicina, 2024-06-10) Peñafiel Erazo, David Sebastián; Jurado Melo, Verónica CristinaIntroduction: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a prevalent pathology with multiple systemic repercussions, among which the alteration of nutritional status stands out. This disturbance plays a crucial role, influencing the progression of the disease and the quality of life of patients. This bibliographic review focuses on synthesizing key findings in this area, thus providing a solid basis for future therapeutic interventions and management strategies. Methodology: To achieve this, a rigorous methodology was employed, analyzing a series of scientific studies and highly relevant documents published in recent years. The review focused on works that provide empirical data, exhaustive analyses, and pertinent discussions on the clinical manifestations and consequences of malnutrition in individuals affected by COPD. Results: The results of this review reveal that there is a notable correlation between malnutrition and the exacerbation of COPD symptoms, highlighting a series of complex pathophysiological mechanisms that involve chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic alterations that contribute to a vicious cycle of nutritional and functional deterioration. Conclusion: In conclusion, it is evident that the alteration of the nutritional status in patients with COPD constitutes an area that requires amplified clinical and research attention. It is imperative to develop integrated nutritional strategies that can complement existing medical interventions, contributing to improving the prognosis and the quality of life of these patients.Item Aplicación del screening stamp en la evaluación de malnutrición de niños de 0 a 5 años de los centros de desarrollo infantil del cantón Píllaro(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2024-05-01) Silva Guevara, Israel Alejandro; Bustillos Ortiz, Diana IsabelIng. MSc.In this research work, the prevalence of the diagnosis of risk of malnutrition in children from 0 to 5 years old was determined through the application of the STAMP nutritional screening and its sensitivity and reliability for its use. The sample used consisted of 47 children belonging to a child development center in the city of Píllaro who were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria determining the study. Anthropometric data on weight and height were collected and the screening was applied to the caregivers who provide food to the children in the child development center. These anthropometric data were analyzed using the WHO ANTRO system, which established growth curves and their respective standard deviations. According to the sensitivity of the screening, 60% was obtained and according to its specificity, 52%; according to the relationship established between the results of the STAMP screening and the BMI/age indicator, a chi-square was obtained with a value of p= 0.453. Finally, using the prevalence formula, of the 47 children to whom the STAMP screening was applied, 22 (46.81%) registered a low risk of malnutrition; 17 (36.17%) a medium risk of malnutrition and 8 (17.02%) a high risk of malnutrition, so that more than half of them would have the possibility of presenting child malnutrition.Item Calidad de la dieta hospitalaria en relación con los requerimientos nutricionales, en pacientes adultos mayores asilados en el hogar sagrado corazón de Jesús Ambato(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, 2023-09-01) Guaña Escobar, Rita Francisned; Bustillos Ortiz Ing. MSc., Diana IsabelIntroduction: An adequate nutritional contribution does not only refer to the adequate consumption of calories, but also to balance of the contribution of macronutrients and micronutrients; In elders, this premise becomes a difficult task to fulfill, due to the environment where they live and their functional situation, food intake is hindered and leads to states of malnutrition. Carrying out studies based on food intake in this population becomes essential to improve the nutritional approach and seek new dietary strategies that help the elderly population. Objective: This research is focused on studying the quality of the hospital diet in relation to nutritional requirements, in elderly patients living in the Hogar Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Ambato. Methodology: We worked with a population of 54 older adults from the stated institution, their nutritional requirements were calculated by applying the Müller formula with an activity factor plus food thermogenics, in addition a three-day data collection was carried out in the which the food supply of the elderly was analyzed, and finally a crossover of variables was carried out to verify the hypothesis. Results: Having a baseline of the nutritional status of the population, it was evidenced that 50% of the elderly showed low weight and only 31.5% had an adequate weight. In relation to these data, when evaluating food intake, it was determined that 57.4% had a deficient consumption of calories, 38.9% protein, and 66.7% carbohydrates. Conclusion: It was concluded that the nutrient intake in elders living in Hogar Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Ambato does not reach the nutritional requirements of each one.Item Escuela para padres, una estrategia para mejorar el estado nutricional y el desarrollo psicomotriz en los niños que acuden al CDI gotita de amor(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Rodríguez Chicaiza, Cristina Elizabeth Md.; Villacís, Patricio Dr. Esp.The parenting school provides information to adults for better parenting of infants. In order to avoid malnutrition and psychomotor problems. The present research analyzed whether a school for parents contribute to improving the nutritional status and psychomotor development of children who attend the Gotita de Amor Child Development Center of the Salcedo city. A mixed, quantitative model of the anthropometric measurements and the Denver II test and qualitative of the data analysis of the semistructured interview was analyzed, which contained 26 items formulated for each caregiver. The research had a field modality, we went to a specific place to collect the information. First, anthropometric data were collected and the Denver II test was applied. A workshop and several talks were held for caregivers. Finally, the initial data was collected again, to test the research hypothesis. It was found that, of the total of 32 infants, when relating weight to height, 6.2% suffered from acute malnutrition; 21.8% were short for their age; 6.2% were underweight for their age and 9.3% were overweight when analyzing the body mass index. When applying the Denver II test, 19% presented a doubtful result and 3% abnormal. It is concluded that the school for parents did not improve the nutritional status or the psychomotor development of the children of the CDI “Gotita de AmorItem Influencia de los conocimientos y prácticas alimentarias de los cuidadores en el estado nutricional de los niños y niñas de los centros de desarrollo infantil, distrito 05d06, salcedo – ecuador.(Universdidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de posgrados, 2021-04-01) Barreno Sánchez, Sergio Teodomiro Md.; Mejía Ortiz, Ruth Aurelia Dra. EspThe care in the food and nutrition of preschool children plays an essential and important role in comprehensive health care. A series of demographic, occupational, socioeconomic and varied factors have led to changes in care and, therefore, the eating patterns of children. Malnutrition is the consequence of inadequate access to nutritious and sufficient food for its biological use. Serious and prolonged deficiencies of nutrients such as proteins, vitamins and minerals is one of the main health problems in developing countries, this directly affects infant morbidity and mortality. A malnourished child enters adulthood with a greater propensity to be overweight and to develop chronic diseases. Four children out of ten under 60 months suffer from chronic malnutrition worldwide. Recent studies from Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines and South Africa confirmed the association between chronic malnutrition and lower performance and school attendance, as well as a drop in educational results, which translates into children who will be less productive, when they are adults. Studies estimate an average loss of 22% in annual earnings during adulthood. Nutrition is made up of a complex system, which includes the environment, which influences the selection of food, frequency of consumption, type of gastronomy, size of portions, hours. Addressing children's needs should consider health providers, educators, and caregivers, since their participation can educate parents. It is of great interest that parents and caregivers have knowledge of good eating habits or correct nutrition and from this foundation, establish strategies to build relevant information and contribute to the reduction of malnutrition in Ecuador. The central area of the country has a high rate of malnutrition among the indigenous population, who have inefficient or non-existent basic services, and are geographically inaccessible to health services. In addition, the poor diet of families and belonging to this cultural group are risk factors for developing child malnutrition. The most important moment to satisfy the nutritional needs of a child, occurs during the first thousand days, this period includes from pregnancy to the first two years of age. The possibility of recovering growth later is minimal, the damage caused is largely irreversible.