Ciencias de la Salud
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/813
Browse
8 results
Search Results
Item Entrenamiento del equilibrio en la marcha del adulto mayor mediante realidad virtual(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-07-06) Sánchez Sánchez, Yajaira Mishell; Latta Sánchez, María AugustaThe deterioration of physical coordination, balance and falls are some of the main causes of morbidity and mortality, which can generate loss of autonomy and impair the quality of the elderly population, virtual reality provides a modern and interactive approach to physical activity and balance training. That is why this study aimed to design a program for balance training in the gait of older adults using Virtual Reality. Fifteen older adults with an age range from 65 to 84 years old belonging to the care unit "Dulce Hogar" of one of the MIES projects participated, all of them executed the program through virtual reality for 14 weeks with a frequency of 1 session per week. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention using the Tinetti scale and the unipodal station (timed). The number of repetitions, difficulty and time were gradually increased. The SPSS program was used for statistical analysis. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis that the parameters tested: balance, gait and risk of falling improved after the application of the virtual reality program. It is concluded that Virtual Reality applied in a program for balance training in gait in the elderly is beneficial for balance, gait performance and decreases the risk of falls in the elderly. Future research on the subject is necessary to expand its application in the field of physical therapy.Item Programa de ejercicios aeróbicos en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-07-06) Salome Gabriela, Montesdeoca Ruiz; Villarroel Quispe, Andrea ElizabethAging is an irreversible, natural and progressive process that, in addition, with time will bring with it alterations that hinder the interaction of the individual with his context, affecting also abilities in different biological areas. Providing an active and healthy aging will allow the older adult population, a better quality of life, in addition to this, the implementation of strategies inherent to active aging, such as the practice of physical activity. The objective of the present study was to improve the quality of life through aerobic exercises in the older adults of the San Sebastian Parish. The methodology, a quantitative and qualitative approach of observational and longitudinal intervention was applied. The program lasted 12 weeks with an initial and final evaluation. The population consisted of 30 older adults, who underwent a warm-up, aerobic exercise (dance therapy) and ended with flexibility and stretching exercises. In addition, the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) were used, it was evidenced with a p-value 0.000<0. 05 the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the alternative and it is concluded that the application of the aerobic exercise program presented characteristic improvements in all the dimensions evaluated by the SF-36 questionnaire there is a change in physical function, physical role, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social function, emotional role and mental health in summary, aerobic exercises help to improve the quality of life.Item Estrategia de la terapia neurocognitiva para mejorar la coordinación visomotora en el adulto mayor(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-06-29) Caicedo Cobo, Pedro Fernando; Zavala Calahorrano, Alicia MarifernandaEcuador considers a person who has fulfilled their capacities or is over 65 years of age to be an older adult or third age. In this process, as the person ages, there is a progressive loss or degeneration of physical and motor skills. One of the most affected capacities is visuomotor coordination, which is in charge of linking vision with body movements or, as it could also be called, the execution of a movement in front of the visual stimulus. That is why it is convenient to carry out this project for this age group since between 20 and 30% of older adults who suffer falls presenting moderate or serious injuries, hence the importance of the application of this project since spending to achieve an adequate visuomotor control of the elderly, and through this prevent falls, improve executive functions and give independence in the activities of daily living of this age group. The participants were evaluated before and after the intervention of the neurocognitive therapy program, they were worked with two days a week for a period of 40 minutes in each session, The exercises focus on the executive functions of the participants starting from less to a higher degree of difficulty. From this work it is concluded that neurocognitive training is beneficial in this age group, a conclusion reached with the difference of the final evaluation compared to the initial one in which an improvement in the general average score of the group of 10 can be observed. points compared to the first evaluation, the data was processed through the SPSS system for statistical analysis and older adults were evaluated with the Barthel index, which measures independence or dependence in activities of daily living.Item Ejercicio de fuerza en el adulto mayor y su relación con la velocidad de la marcha(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-06-28) Villacís Villacís, Richard Ismael; Moscoso Córdova, Grace VerónicaAging is a universal biological process, which is related to the loss of functionality, there is decrease muscle strength and gait changes. The research was of an observational, descriptive, and quantitative type, with the objective of determine the effects of strength exercise on the gait speed in elderly adults. In this way, 25 older adults, whom attend the Club del Adulto Mayor Picaihua Centro, were evaluated for muscle strength in hip flexion, extension, and knee flexion, by means of isometric dynamometry, and gait speed was also evaluated through the 10 meter test. The participants executed in a program of strength training, during a period of 12 weeks. The results show that strength training increased walking speed by 0.19 m/s, there was also an increase in strength in all muscle groups evaluated. In addition, the significant relationship of the knee extension force in the gait speed was evidenced.Item Ejercicios de Otago adaptado al equilibrio para manejar el riesgo de caídas del adulto mayor(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-06-28) Pacheco Guzmán, Milton Alejandro; Reales Chacón, Lisbeth JosefinaThe actual research was carried out with the aim to handle the falling risk in the elderly without disability between 65 and 85 years old who live in rural areas and belong to the care unit “Dejando huellas con oro en su corazón” of the Ministry of the Economic and Social Inclusion. A pre and post evaluation was carried out with the Timed up and go (TUG) and Single leg stance tests. The Otago Exercise Program (OEP) adapted to balance developed warm-up and flexibility exercises, an initial walking program, muscle activation exercises, strength and balance. Two sessions per week were applied, lasting approximately 45 minutes each, over a period of 12 weeks. The T-STUDENT statistical test was applied using the IBM SPSS STATISTICS 20 system, in which a p<0,001 value was obtained in both evaluations, evidencing a significant decrease in the risk of falls after the intervention. The final TUG showed that the number of participants with a high risk of falling was 0 (zero), which decreased this condition by 20%, in the slight risk there was an improvement of 12%, while 32% of older adults who no longer present a risk of falling increased. The final SLST revealed that the 64% of the total study population was no longer at risk of falls.Item Programa de ejercicios de fortalecimiento del core para el manejo de caídas en adultos mayores(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Centro de Posgrados, 2023-06-28) Calero Arévalo, Andrea Carolina; Espín Pastor, Victoria EstefaníaThis research is descriptive with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach. It was developed in the Pilahuín parish, province of Tungurahua, in a Club for older adults directed by the Autonomous Government of the Pilahuín parish, which is made up of a population of 45 Older Adults, of which 21 participated in the investigation fulfilling all the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. who were assessed the risk of falls using the Berg and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) scales before and after the intervention. The investigation had a total duration of 16 weeks in which the first and last weeks were used to assess the risk of falls, the remaining 14 weeks were to apply the CORE muscle strengthening exercise program which was carried out by sessions being a total of 28 sessions divided into three phases, starting with simple and low intensity exercises and increasing as the exercises were mastered, always respecting the rule of no pain and correct posture. The tabulation was carried out in the Microsoft Excel program, the T-test was used, which was processed in the SPSS Computer System, version 25.0 for Windows in Spanish. At the end of the intervention and after the final evaluations, it was possible to show that the risk of falls decreased in the older adults who participated in the intervention.Item Nivel de conocimiento y estilo de vida del adulto mayor con diabetes tipo 2(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/ Facultad de Ciencias de Salud /Carrera de Enfermeria, 2023-06-07) Acurio Sarzosa, Andrea Yussara; Simbaña Quishpi, María AuroraObjective: The purpose of this research is to determine the level of knowledge and lifestyle of a group of older adults with Type II Diabetes. Method: For this purpose, a quantitative, descriptive study was carried out using the IMEVID survey to characterize aspects of knowledge and lifestyle of a group of 100 older adults suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the canton of Pujilí, province of Cotopaxi, who attend the local health center, to whom the surve y was applied. Results: The results showed that according to the IMEVID survey, half of the population of older adults who participated in the study have an unfavorable lifestyle, followed by 48% of participants with an unfavorable lifestyle, and to a lesser extent a favorable lifestyle. This behavior corresponds to inadequate nutrition, sedentary lifestyle, low motivation to learn about the disease and lack of compliance with treatment. Conclusion: It was found that the population of older adults had unfavorable or unfavorable lifestyles, recognizing that in the domains of nutrition, habits and customs there was a negative tendency, which consequently generated a negative coping with diabetes. This result may be associated with a lack of motivation to seek information about the disease and a lack of compliance with medical, behavioral and pharmacological indications.Item Vitamina B12 y trastornos hematológicos en la edad adulta tardía(Universidad Técnica de Ambato/Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud/Carrera de Laboratorio Clínico, 2023-03-22) Castillo Moposita, Katherine Paola; Ramos Ramírez, Martha CeciliaObjective: To analyze vitamin B12 and its relationship with hematological disorders in late adulthood, evaluating biomarkers of greater interest and reliability in the diagnosis of vitamin B12 deficiency. Methodology: An analytical, cross-sectional, field design was carried out that relates the causes to each other, obtaining the indicators of vitamin B12 and hematological disorders in the elderly. We included 85 patients from the Tisaleo canton of the province of Tungurahua characterized by being adults aged 65 to 90 years, both men and women, regardless of ethnicity, race, or social-economic situation Results: No association was found between low levels of vitamin B12 with anyhematological disorder, since the mean values of the sample are within normal parameters. However, decreased vitamin B12 concentrations were found at the 25th and 50th percentiles, but hemoglobin (HBG), hematocrit (HCT), and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values were normal. At the 75th percentile, vitamin B12 levels were normal, but within the components of the blood count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) was slightly elevated. Conclusions: Vitamin B12 is an essential substance that participates in different metabolic mechanisms of people. The study determined that levels of this vitamin are within normal parameters and was not associated with any hematological disorder.