Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación del aceite de palma y premezcla gluconeogénica sobre el comportamiento productivo en cerdas primíparas(2024-08) Almeida Enríquez, Catherine Belén; Guerrero López, Jorge RicardoThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of palm oil and a gluconeogenic premix on the productive performance of primiparous sows. The research took place on the premises of the pig producer "Martita" located in the parish of Checa, canton Quito, and province of Pichincha. The study included 10 nulliparous Landrace x Yorkshire crossbred sows with an average weight of 80 kg +/- 10 kg in which two treatments were tested: T0 = 0% energy replacement (kcal) provided by palm oil, with a gluconeogenic premix and T1 = 100% energy replacement (kcal) provided by palm oil, with a gluconeogenic premix. For each treatment, five repetitions were used per treatment, integrating one sow per repetition. In the comparison of means, the T Student statistical test was used with a confidence level of 95%. The variables analyzed in this study included backfat thickness, feed intake during gestation and lactation, weight gain, piglet weight at birth and weaning, litter size, pre-weaning mortality, weaning-oestrus interval, pregnancy rate and partial costs. The results reported that replacing 100% of the energy provided by palm oil with a gluconeogenic premix significantly impacted cumulative feed intake especially during the last weeks of gestation and at the beginning of the lactation stage. However, it did not significantly affect the average daily feed intake in the two stages. Similarly, T1 considerably reduced backfat thickness during these periods. On the other hand, significant differences were observed in the weight of piglets from sows fed with the gluconeogenic premix, during birth and weaning, being these higher compared to the control group. In addition, the pre-weaning mortality rate was significantly lower in the T1 group. Finally, in the cost analysis, although the total cost was slightly higher for the T1 group due to the higher intake, it should be stressed that the improved results, such as piglet weight and reduced pre-weaning mortality, indicate that the benefits could justify the additional expense.Item Evaluación de dietas arbustivas sobre el comportamiento productivo y etológico en gazapos (Cavia porcellus) desde el nacimiento hasta recría I(2024-02) Velasteguí Zurita, Enrique Ronaldo; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe purpose of this research was to evaluate the productive and behavioral parameters in gazapos fed with bush diets, with an inclusion of 40% alfalfa (Medicago sativa), 40% chilca (Baccharis latifolia) and 40% dill (Anethum graveolens), thus forming T1, T2 and T3. Using a completely randomized block design and discrete focal sampling. Two stages were evaluated: lactation and weaning, with a duration of 15 days respectively, completing the study in 30 days. In the first stage (lactation), there was statistical significance in weaning weight, with the best treatment being T1 (263.51 g), over T3 (254.13 g) and T2 (231.25 g); no significant difference was found in the variable birth weight or weight gain at weaning. In the second stage (weaning), T1 (359.71 g) showed high statistical significance in weight at the end of rearing, over T3 (346.82 g) and T2 (330.47 g). Regarding feed conversion, T2 (3.42 g/g) stood out over TI (3.58 g/g) and T3 (3.68 g/g), weight gain at this stage was also better in T2 (99.22 g), over T1 (96.2 g) and T3 (92.68 g), finally, lower mortality was reported in T3 (0.7%). It was concluded that T1 showed better productive results over T2 and T3. The behavioral parameters that showed statistical significance in the lactation stage were: feeding and rest, in both cases, due to the influence of the mothers, through colostrum consumption and concentrate consumption. For the weaning stage, the three treatments behaved in a similar way, so that no significant statistical differences were reported among them. Key words: Productivity, ethogram, lactation, weaning, alternative diets, guinea pigItem Evaluación de una premezcla gluconeogénica sobre el comportamiento productivo y sus modificaciones del tejido magro en canales de cerdos(2023-09) Morales Collaguazo, Tomy Brian; Aragadvay Yungán, Ramón GonzaloThe objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of a gluconeogenic premix on productive behavior and its modifications of lean tissue in pig carcasses. This research was carried out on the premises of the Querochaca Experimental Farm, belonging to the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences at the Technical University of Ambato, in which nine Duroc x Pietrain castrated male pigs with an initial average weight of 50 kg were used. The variables analyzed were productive yield, nutrient digestibility, lean tissue modifications, and benefit-cost ratio. For this purpose, three treatments were evaluated: T1=0.0 Kg/Tn of gluconeogenic premix (Inkreb) as a replacement for 0% of net energy, provided by palm oil; T2= 0.25 Kg/Tn of gluconeogenic premix (Inkreb) as a replacement for 25% of net energy, provided by palm oil and T3= 0.50 Kg/Tn of gluconeogenic premix (Inkreb) as a replacement for 50% of net energy, contributed by palm oil. A completely randomized design was used with three treatments and three repetitions, with a total of nine experimental units made up of one pig each. The analysis of variance was performed with the Tukey test at 5% significance. The administration of T2 showed a better productive performance, particularly in the final weight, weight gain and feed conversion. Differences were particularly observed in the consumption of crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, with the inclusion of T2. The impact was more pronounced in pigs weighing between 50 and 70 kg. However, the digestibility of nutrients only showed differences in the protein. The inclusion of T2 increased the area of Longissimus dorsi and reduced drip losses at 24 and 48 hours compared to the other treatments. However, variables such as backfat thickness, crude fat, and pH did not show significant differences. Economically, T2 outperformed with a discounted net profit of $49.20 and a benefit cost ratio of $0.04.Item Evaluación del comportamiento productivo de Rábano (Raphanus sativus L.) con aplicación de riego por goteo en el Cantón Mocha(2023-09) Jiménez Carrillo, Erik Alexander; Gutiérrez Albán, Alberto CristóbalThis research was conducted to evaluate the productive behavior of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) with the application of drip irrigation, this research was established in the canton Mocha Yanahurco hamlet, within the research of radish crop was established three treatments, with planting densities of (0.05 x 0.20), (0.10 x 0.20) and (0.15 x 0.20) m between plant and row respectively. A completely randomized design was used for each treatment. The variables studied were plant height, root diameter (radish), root weight (radish) and yield. The 5% Tukey test was used to analyze the data obtained for the variables. During the statistical analysis we were able to observe that for plant height we obtained values ranging from 12.47 to 19.55 cm, for root diameter the values ranged from 3.48 to 3.94 cm, for weight the values were higher than 27.87g to 38.73g and for yield we were able to observe values ranging from 6000 to 23000 kg/ha. Within the best planting spacing we can consider that T1 with 0.05 x 0.20 m between plant and row was the one with the best results, being this distance the adequate one for radish cultivation. In terms of production, T1 stood out as the best treatment with an average of 3313.33 g/m², while T3 was below with 863.33 g/m², being the treatment with the lowest production per square meter. The treatment that had the best results in all the variables studied was T1, establishing itself as the best treatment; however, T1 was the one that received the most water at 120 L/m².Item Comportamiento productivo, características de la canal y función ruminal en toros de engorde alimentados con dietas a base de cascarilla de cacao y aceite vegetal(2022-09) Guishca Cunuhay, Carlos Alberto; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe productive performance, characteristics of the carcass in ruminal function were evaluated in steers fed with diets based on cocoa bean shell and vegetable oil. Records of 30 castrated steers weighing 206 ± 23 kg were randomly distributed into 3 groups (n=10) from the Ruminant Feedlot. The evaluated diets consisted of: T1 [Basal diet: covering the nutritional requirements for late-finishing steers according to the AFRC (1996) + 15% cocoa bean shell (Theobromina cacao) + 6% vegetable oil from passion fruit seed cake (Passiflora edulis) (Control)], T2 [Basal diet + 6% vegetable oil from passion fruit seed cake (Passiflora edulis)] and T3 [Basal diet + 15% cocoa bean shell (Theobromine cocoa)]. Ruminal degradation and in vitro digestibility of DM was evaluated with DaisyII incubator and F57 bags, pore size 25 µn, which contained 0.5 g of sample per treatment (n=5) and were incubated for 0, 4, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h. The volume of gas production in vitro was estimated in amber bottles with 100 ml of nominal capacity, and 0.5 g of sample was used per treatment (n=10). The data obtained were evaluated under a Completely Random Design (CRD). The in vitro rumen degradation kinetics of DM was higher for the soluble fraction (A) in T1 and lower in T3 (p=<0.0001). The rate of potential degradation (A+B) and effective degradation [(c: 0.02; 0.05 and 0.08)] were higher in T1. IVDMD at hour 48 was higher at T1, T3 and lower at T2 (p=0.0004). Total gas production (B) was higher at T2 (p=<0.0001). The productive performance showed higher ADG in T1 and T3 (p=0.0019). The TDMI and IDMI were higher at T1, T3 and lower at T2 (p=0.0142). FC (kg/kg) and FE (kg/kg) were lower and higher at T2 respectively (p=<0.05). Carcass characteristics reflected a higher HCY (%) for T3 (p=0.0032). LdMA (cm2 ) was higher at T1 and T3 (p=<0.0001). However, the RFT was less in T1 and T3 (p=0.0096). Under the conditions of this study, it is concluded that there is a favorable response of the cocoa bean shell alone or combined with vegetable oil from passion fruit seed cakeItem Efecto de la Acacia melanoxylon en diferentes niveles más enzimas fibrolíticas sobre el comportamiento productivo y digestibilidad en ovinos(2022-09) Abarca Cabrera, Alex Enrique; Aragadvay Yungán, Ramón GonzaloThe objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of Acacia melanoxylon plus fibrolytic enzymes on the productive behavior and digestibility in sheep. This research was carried out at the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - UTA. 18 weaned sheep with an average weight of 15 kg were used, in a completely randomized design (DCA) with three groups and 6 repetitions, with diets: T0: Control diet that does not contain inclusion of Acacia melanoxylon, T1: 15% inclusion of Acacia melanoxylon and T2: 30% inclusion of Acacia melanoxylon + 0.2% fibrolytic enzymes. Voluntary intake, weight gain, feed conversion and digestibility in sheep were evaluated. The voluntary consumption of Dry Matter was higher (0.0002) for T1 (1265.25) and T2 (1268.85) compared to T0 (863.75), in Organic Matter it showed differences being higher (0.0002) for T1 (1207.43) and T2 (1206.05) in relation to T0 (831.35); In neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber there were very significant differences (<0.0001) between treatments, being the highest T2 (442.00 and 97.72 respectively) for the other treatments. The weight gain obtained differences between treatments (P=0.0288) being higher for T1 (147.90) and the best feed conversion was for T2 (0.08). The apparent digestibility of DM and OM did not show significant differences; however, there is an increase in digestibility in T1 (67.48 MS and 68.42 MO) and T2 (72.97 MS and 75.53 MO) compared to T0 that only obtained (44.18 MS and 45. 14 MO). In neutral detergent fiber they did not show significant differences (0.0002) for T1 (31,40) and T2 (50,27) in relation to T0 (13.92); And the acid detergent fiber did not show significant differences between T0 (22.39) and T1 (22.58) but the best digestibility of (FDA) was obtained by T2 (37.46). The voluntary intake of digestible DM was higher (0.0002) for T1 (874.82) and T2 (908.58) compared to T0 (637.30); In MO, a difference (0.0004) was found, being (846.30) for T1 and (869.50) for T2, while T0 obtained (627.32); FDN and FDA showed significant differences (<0.0001) in T2 (218.88 and 35.58 respectively). The voluntary consumption of the metabolic weight in DM was higher (0.0009) in T1 (106.93) and T2 (109.66) for T0 (79.65); in MO it was higher (0.0013) for T1 (102.03) and T2 (104.23) compared to T0 (76.67); in FDN and FDA in T2 were significantly different for (<0.0001) being (38.20 and 7.81 respectively). It was concluded that the use of Acacia melanoxylon plus fibrolytic enzymes improves the productive performance and digestibility in sheep.Item Estudio de la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (IUGR) y el comportamiento productivo durante la gestación en conejas (Oryctolagus cuniculus), bajo condiciones de subnutrición y suplementación energética(2020-09) Freire Robles, Karen Alexandra; Aragadvay Yungán, GonzaloThis project was carried out in the city of Puyo where 18 nulliparous New Zealand rabbits (6 per treatment) with a live weight of approximately 3.8 kg and 5 months of age were used, which were pregnant by natural riding; the experimental period lasted 7 days with 24 previous days of adaptation. The objective of this research was to study intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and productive behavior in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), under conditions of undernutrition and energy supplementation during the gestation stage. T1 rabbits were given a diet that covered all nutritional requirements, T2 rabbits were given a diet with an energy deficit and a 25% food restriction, and T3 rabbits were given a diet with supplementation energy promoted by propylene glycol, which was administered 30 ml daily, the T2 and T3 diets were administered from the 25th day of gestation until the day of delivery. The weight of the rabbits was recorded; as well as the thickness of perirenal fat (GPR) on days 25 and 30 of gestation. The IUGR was assessed by: placental weight, weight of the rabbits, weight of the uterus, biparietal diameter, anterior-posterior diameter, crown-rump length, thoracic diameter, organ weight of the rabbits; progesterone level. The number of rabbits, the weight of the uterus, the weight of the placenta and the serum progesterone values between the treatments did not show significant differences. Regarding the weight of the rabbits, there were significant differences (P = 0.0045), being the weight of those in T1 higher than in T2 and T3. There was a difference in the weights of the rabbits between days 25 and 30, as well as an increase in GPR for the 3 treatments. Regarding the external development of the rabbits, there were significant differences with T1 values higher than T2 and T3, also in the weight of their organs. It was concluded that the use of diets with supplementation and energy restriction in pregnant rabbits does not markedly affect the productive behavior of the rabbits; while in the rabbits yes. Likewise they produce IUGR, however in T3 it was produced by the stress caused by constantly handling the animals during the administration of propylene glycol, but not by its use.Item Efecto del propóleo sobre los índices reproductivos y productivos de conejas (Orictolagus cuniculus) en etapa de gestación y lactancia(2018) Rodríguez Benavides, Jorge Alfredo; Díaz Sjostrom, PedroThe objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of a propolis ethanolic extract (EEP) solution on propylene glycol (PG) (50mg / ml) on the reproductive and productive indices of rabbits during gestation and lactation. The research was conducted at the Oldman's rabbitry farm with 15 16-week-old New Zealand x California hybrid nuliparian rabbits that were randomly divided (taking into account homogeneity of weight) in three experimental groups of 5 rabbits each. . The control group I: (Placebo), group II (EEP 25 mg), group III (EEP 37.5 mg) who received a scheme of three weekly doses orally for 60 days. The results showed no significant differences in the mean daily gain, T0 (14.40 g / d), T1 (15.80 g / d), T2 (17.40 g / d). In the weights at the birth of the kits, there were significant differences for the two groups supplemented with propolis (T1: 552g, T2: 652g), in the weaning weight the difference was significant for the T1 and T2 groups (p = 0.0486). The mortality at birth of the kits did not present differences between groups (4.87% group I, 4.65% group II and 2% in group III). In the behavior of the hematological parameters, the red blood cells showed significant difference (p = 0.0163), likewise the differential of the biochemical profile: Cholesterol showed a decrease for the group I and II groups, (T0 68.42g / dl , T1 57.12 g / dl, T2 57.60 g / dl), in the triglycerides presented significant differences (p = 0.0213), the globulins increased obtaining significant differences (p = 0.0082). Given these results, it is inferred that the incorporation of propolis extract as a natural supplement increases the weight of the kits, preventing diseases by stimulating the formation of globulins and decreasing cholesterol and triglycerides, preventing accumulation of adipose tissue in the mammary glands of the rabbits. increased milk production.Item Comportamiento productivo y cuantificación de la biomasa residual disponible en un sistema cavícola.(2017) Núñez Núñez, Carina Beatriz; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe project was developed at “Técnica de Ambato University” in the Agricultural Sciences Faculty (Ciencias Agropecuarias) during 75 days. In this document is described the Productive Behavior and Quantification of Available Residual Biomass in a Cavia System. The aims of the research were: rate the productive behavior and quantify the available residual biomass in guinea pigs that were fed with Italianryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) with a balanced nutritious formulaand alfalfa or Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) with a balanced nutritious formula. Sixty guinea pigs were used as males as females, they were from 15 to 17 days old approximately, they were separated in two groups of 30 guinea pigs for each treatment. For the treatments were used two kinds of forage: Treatment 1: Italian ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) with a balanced nutritious formula. Treatment 2: alfalfa or Lucerne (Medicago Sativa) with a balanced nutritious formula. Each treatment was given 6 times with 5 repeated animals. The principal obtained results were the next: in animals that were fed with Lolium Multiflorum and a balanced nutritious formula ate 65.86g/MS per animal per day their weight increased 8.18g per animal per day by the other hand the other groupof animals that ate Medicago Sativa and a balanced nutritious formula ate 50.93g/MS per animal per day and won weight 7.54g per animal per day. In the nutritional conversion Lolium Multiflorum and a balanced nutritious formula obtained 8.06 while Medicago Sativa plus a balanced nutritious formula got 6.85. For the digestibility of dry material Treatment 1 got as result 62.55% while Treatment 2 got 61.-03%. For length and thorax perimeter at the end of the research Lolium Multiflorum plus a balanced nutritious formula obtained showed values of 6.43 cm and 6.2 cm per guinea pig respectively: on the other side Medicago Sativa plus a balanced nutritious formula got 6.86 cm for length and 5.73 cm pf thorax perimeter. Finally, biomass factor showed important differences obtaining as results 54.06g/MS per guinea pig per day in Treatment 1 and 48.38g/MS per guinea pig per day in Treatment 2.According to the results in Treatment 2 Medicago Sativa plus a balanced nutritious formulawould be the best food chooses for feeding Guinea Pigs.Item Efecto del extracto de diente de león (taraxacum officinale), sobre el comportamiento productivo y enzimas hepáticas séricas en pollos de engorde.(2017) Jácome Vargas, Hernán Rigoberto; Guerrero, RicardoThe present research entitled "EFFECT OF THE EXTRACT OF DANDELION (Taraxacum officinale), ON PRODUCTION BEHAVIOR AND SERIAN HEPATIC ENZYMES IN BROILER CHICKENS", evaluated in 240 broilers, males of the Cobb genetic line, of one day of age, the productive yield and serum values of liver enzymes at 30 and 45 days of age; the chickens were distributed in four treatments: T0 = control, T1 = diet + 0.5 liters of T. officinale extract per ton, T2 = diet + 1 liter of T. officinale extract per ton and T3 = diet + 1.5 liters of extract of T. officinale per ton, of six replicates each one. We used a completely randomized design with analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5%. T2 showed a better weight gain (P<0.001) with 3088 g/bird, compared to the other treatments (T3 = 3039.3 g/bird, T0 = 2985.3 g/bird and T1 = 2979.5 g/bird), in food consumption there were no differences (P=0.293), the feed conversion in T2 was better (P<0.001) to reason of 1.82 g/g, T2 revealed the best European Efficiency Index (P<0.001) with a value of 291.5, as well as the higher yield to the channel (P<0.0001) with a percentage of 76.1%. With regard to serum hepatic enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT and FA) at 30 and 45 days, a better response of these analytes (P<0.0001) was evidenced in T2. Given these results, it is inferred that the incorporation of the extract of T. officinale in the diet at 0.1% in this one, improves the productive performance of the broilers and the hepatic response of these to their incorporation.