Ciencias Agropecuarias
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://repositorio.uta.edu.ec/handle/123456789/870
Browse
17 results
Search Results
Item Evaluación del efecto de la harina de sangre de pollo como fuente de proteína sobre los índices productivos en pollos broiler(2023-09) Amores Núñez, Cristian Alejandro; Núñez Torres, Oscar PatricioThe objective of this research work was to evaluate the effect of chicken blood meal as a protein source on the productive indices in broiler chickens, since producers seek to have a more efficient and profitable production. The experiment was carried out on the premises of the "Granja Avícola Amores" in the Tarqui parish, Pastaza province. For this research, a completely randomized experimental design was used using 100 Cobb 500 line chickens per treatment and 25 birds per experimental unit. Four treatments were used: T0 (control), T1 (4% blood meal), T2 (8% blood meal) and T3 (12% blood meal); with 4 repetitions, making up a total of 400 birds used for this research; the evaluation was carried out during the growth and fattening stages of the birds. The results obtained in the variables weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, live weight and mortality did not show significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. However, the yield to the carcass did show significant differences (P<0.05), being T0 with 77.38% the treatment with the least yield, T1 with 80.00%, T2 with 80.13% and T3 with 82, 49%, achieving the best result. In the anatomopathological lesions variable, no major alterations were observed at the hepatic and intestinal level that decrease the productive indices. In the European efficiency index (IEE) it was observed that all the treatments presented good results among them, standing out the groups with blood meal. In the cost/benefit ratio, no treatment had losses, the best treatment was T3, obtaining a profit of $0.42 for each dollar invested, unlike T1 with $0.35; T2 with $0.38 and T0 with the lowest figure with $0.27. The research concludes that the inclusion of blood meal in broiler chicken feed does not influence production rates, but it is capable of improving carcass performance and reducing production costs. Keywords: Blood meal, diet, poultry, chickens, weight gain, feed conversion, feed intake, carcass yield. ABSTRACT The objective of this research work was to evaluate the effect of chicken blood meal as a protein source on the productive indices in broiler chickens, since producers seek to have a more efficient and profitable production. The experiment was carried out on the premises of the "Granja Avicola Amores" in the Tarqui parish, Pastaza province. For this research, a completely randomized experimental design was used using 100 Cobb 500 line chickens per treatment and 25 birds per experimental unit. Four treatments were used: TO (control), T1 (4% blood meal), T2 (8% blood meal) and T3 (12% blood meal); with 4 repetitions, making up a total of 400 birds used for this research; the evaluation was carried out during the growth and fattening stages of the birds. The results obtained in the variables weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion, live weight and mortality did not show significant differences (P<0.05) between treatments. However, the yield to the carcass did show significant differences (P<0.05), being TO with 77.38% the treatment with the least yield, T1 with 80.00%, T2 with 80.13% and T3 with 82, 49%, achieving the best result. In the anatomopathological lesions variable, no major alterations were observed at the hepatic and intestinal level that decrease the productive indices. In the European efficiency index (IEE) it was observed that all the treatments presented good results among them, standing out the groups with blood meal. In the cost/benefit ratio, no treatment had losses, the best treatment was T3, obtaining a profit of $0.42 for each dollar invested, unlike T1 with $0.35; T2 with $0.38 and TO with the lowest figure with $0.27. The research concludes that the inclusion of blood meal in broiler chicken feed does not influence production rates, but it is capable of improving carcass performance and reducing production costs.Item Evaluación del efecto anticoccidial de la saponina de alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) adicionada en la dieta de pollos de engorde(2022-09) López Gutiérrez, Mijael Alexander; Rosero Peñaherrera, Marco AntonioThe research work was carried out in the Chiquicha parish of Pelileo canton, Tungurahua province, located at 2598 meters above sea level at 1°16'0'' south latitude and 78°31'60'' west longitude. The objective was to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of alfalfa saponin (Medicago sativa L) included in the diet of broilers, a completely randomized design (DCA) was applied with 4 treatments: T1 (10 g of alfalfa saponin extract /40 kg of feed), T2 (20 g of saponin extract from alfalfa/40 kg of feed), T3 (30 g of saponin extract from alfalfa/40 kg of feed) and T4 (0 g of saponin extract from alfalfa). alfalfa/40 kg of food) with 3 repetitions. The results obtained were for the variable number of oocysts/g of feces, on day 19 (5 post inoculation) and 21 (7 post inoculation) being the best T (10 - S), T (20 - S) and T (30 –S) with a mean of 0.00 ooq/g, on day 23 (9 post inoculation) the best treatment was T (30 - S) with a value of 50.00 ooq/g. On day 25 (11 post inoculation) the best result is presented by treatment T (20 – S) with a value of 166.67 ooq/g, for day 27 (13 post inoculation) the best result was obtained in T (30 – S) with a value of 333.33 ooq/g, on day 35 (21 post inoculation) the value of 1450.00 ooq/g was for treatment T (30 - S), on day 42 (28 post inoculation) and 49 (35 post inoculation) the same behavior was presented as in the previous days, obtaining a value of 25626.67 ooq/g and 104150.00 ooq/g respectively. Finally, on day 56 (42 post inoculation) the best result was T (30 – S) with 107416.67 ooq/g, while the treatment that presented the highest number of oocysts in the investigation is (T – 0). On the other hand, the productive indices such as: live weight, feed conversion and European index were better in the birds fed with alfalfa saponin extract, while weight gain was better in the treatment that did not include the saponin extract in its feed. diet.Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos: chilca y eneldo en el rendimiento a la canal y características químicas de la carne de cuy(2022-03) Larrea Heras, Ivette Gabriela; Avilés Esquivel, Diana FernandaThe objective of this research work was to evaluate the carcass yield, carcass conformati on measurements and the chemical characteristics of the meat of guinea pigs that receiv ed diets based on bush forages. The research was carried out in the Cevallos canton, usi ng 45 guinea pigs, female, chosen from the closed nucleus of native phenotypes rescued "ex situ in vivo" belonging to the farm of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the Te chnical University of Ambato. Three diets were prepared: T1, T2 and T3, each with a different base; thus, for T1 the diet was 40% alfalfa (Medicago sativa), for T2 40% chilca (Baccharis floribunda) and for T3 40% dill (Anethum graveolens). Once the study was finished (45 days), the guinea pigs were sacrificed. Live weight on the farm, slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weight were recorded in order to obtain carcass yields. For linear measurements and carcass conformation, measurements of carcass length, width of the buttocks and thorax, lumbar and thoracic circumference, depth of the thorax, length of posterior limb were taken, in addition, the compactness index of the carcass was calculated. To know the cochemical characteristics, a sample was taken from the longissimus thoracis et Lumborum muscles and the rectus abdominis to be sent to the certified laboratory. In conclusion, the feeding of native guinea pigs with concentrated diets based on chilca and dill, the yields to the carcass expressed percentages of 52.53% and 54.27%, respectively, representing that there is no significant incidence in the yield to the carcass in compared with the alfalfa-based T1 that presented a carcass yield of 54.69%. In the case of linear measurements and the conformation of the carcass, they were characterized, however, they did not present significant differences between diets except in the case of compactness index, for which alfalfa reported 35.9 g / cm compared to chilca (25.35 g / cm) and dill (29.18 g / cm) respectively. Finally, regarding the chemical characteristics of the meats, it was obtained that the chilca-based diet had a lower percentage of fat with 4.59%, unlike the meat of guinea pigs fed with dill with 12.36%.Item Efecto de dietas a base de forrajes arbustivos, sobre los parámetros productivos en cuyes (Cavia porcellus)(2021-04) Lluay Guilcapi, Erika Esthefanía; Avilés Esquivel, DianaThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of diets based on Bush forages on the productive parameters in guinea pigs. Seventy-five male and female guinea pigs were used, weighing between 500 and 600 grams, a month and a half old, from the same population evaluating digestibility; they were distributed in three treatments: T1, T2 and T3; 5 repetitions per treatment and 5 guinea pigs per experimental unit; to evaluate voluntary nutrient intake, weigh gain and feed conversion; for 45 days. Subsequently, fifteen male guinea pigs weighing more than 750 grams were used, chosen from the “Closed nucleus of native phenotypes rescued “ex situ in vivo” of Cavia porcellus”, divided into three treatments, in which the control is included: T1 (control): Alfarine (Medicago sativa flour), T2: Chilca (Baccharis floribunda) and T3: Dill (Anethum graveolens), and 5 repetitions per treatment; this, to evaluate the apparent digestibility of nutrients, for 5 days. The guinea pigs treated with T4 (A. arborescens) did not survive during adaptation and were therefore excluded from the evaluation of this study. The digestibility of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) did not show significant differences (p>0.05) between the treatments, the highest digestibility (p<0.05) of Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF) was obtained by T1 (58.57 %) and T2 (49.73 %), and that of Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF) showed higher values (p<0.05) for T1 (57.60 %) and T2 (43.68 %). The voluntary intake of food, DM, OM and CP; did not show significant differences (P>0,05) between the treatments, while the voluntary consumption of NDF and ADF were higher (p<0,05) for T1 in both cases, with values of 22,85 and 13,23 grams, respectively. No statistical differences were observed between the treatments (P>0,05) for weight gains at 15, 30 and 45 days, however, the smallest feed conversion (p<0.05) was for being T1, with a value of 6,73. It was concluded that the inclusion of Chilca and dill in the diet influenced the voluntary intakes of NDF and ADF, as well as the feed conversion and digestibility of NDF, ADF and MO; furthermore, the Marco-based diet produced high mortality due to its high levels of secondary compounds.Item Evaluación de la composición de la leche de cabra (Capra aegagrus hircus) alimentada con dietas a base de forrajes arbóreos(2020-03-19) Castro Vargas, Pamela Lissette; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AThe aim of the present research was to determine the voluntary intake, physicochemical composition and milk production of goats fed with diets based on tree forages such as Acacia black (Acacia melanoxylon) and Retama (Senna multiglandulosa). 4 goats were used during pregnancy (2 primiparous and 2 multiparous). The work was carried out in the Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias - UTA. The voluntary intake was carried out by the direct method (feed offered - feed rejected in 24 hours) every 15 days 3 consecutive days. Milk yield was evaluated every 15 days for 3 consecutive days in milking in the morning and in the afternoon. The analysis of the physicochemical composition of the milk obtained was performed using an automatic milk analyzer: LACTOSCAN, where samples of 0.5 kg per treatment were used. The digestibility of the diets was performed in vitro. Voluntary intake of DM and digestible DM no showed differences between treatments (P> 0.05). The digestibility of DM was higher (P = 0.0003) in the treatment including broom (S.multiglandulosa) (T3; 74.2%). Regarding milk yield, it was higher (P = 0.0012) in the treatment including Acacia (T2) with a production of 1.5 L/animal/day. The chemical composition of milk in analytes such as fat, non-fat solids, protein, minerals, lactose, density was not reflected significant differences (P> 0.05) between the evaluated treatments. It was concluded that by including A.melanoxylon in the diet of dairy goats it increases milk production.Item Efecto de la inclusión de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) en la dieta de ovinos sobre la fermentación ruminal y producción de gas IN VITRO(2018) Guamanì Toapanta, Sonia Nataly; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.El objetivo de este proyecto de investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) en la dieta de ovinos sobre las funciones del rumen y la producción de gases de efecto invernadero. Esta investigación se realizó en los laboratorios de la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias-UTA. Se evaluó la producción in vitro de gas, metano (CH4), dióxido de carbono (CO2) y pH ruminal. Así como también la digestibilidad in vitro de materia seca (MS) y materia orgánica (MO). Se realizaron dietas cubriendo los requerimientos nutricionales de los ovinos según el AFRC 1993, con diferentes niveles de inclusión de sacha inchi obteniendo ocho tratamientos: T1: dieta testigo (0% sacha inchi), T2: dieta con sacha inchi almendra 10%, T3: dieta con sacha inchi almendra 20%, T4: dieta con sacha inchi completo 10%, T5: dieta con sacha inchi completo 20%, T6: dieta con aceite de sacha inchi 2%, T7: dieta con aceite de sacha inchi 4%, T8: dieta con aceite de sacha inchi 6%. En la producción de gas metano y CO2 in vitro se observó la menor producción en T2 y T4. El pH ruminal no mostró diferencias significativas (P>0.05) entre los tratamientos. Sin embargo, la digestibilidad in vitro de la MS y MO mostró diferencias (P=0.0109 y P=0.0117 respectivamente) entre tratamientos, observándose una mayor digestibilidad tanto de MS como MO en T2 y T4 con respecto a los demás tratamientos. Bajo las condiciones de este estudio se concluyó que la adición de sacha inchi almendra y completo a un 10% a la dieta de ovinos favoreció a la disminución de gases de efecto invernadero, debido principalmente al contenido de aceites esenciales que posee ésta semilla, los mismos que afectan a la producción de metano por diversos mecanismos, incluyendo la biohidrogenación de los ácidos grasos insaturados, el aumento en la producción de ácido propiónico y la inhibición de bacterias productoras de nitrógeno amoniacal y algunos protozoos.Item Influencia de la adición de enzimas exógenas y Saccharomyces cervisiae en las dietas de ovinos sobre la fermentación ruminal in vivo E in vitro de forrajes fibrosos(2018) Barona Calderón, María Gabriela; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of exogenous enzymes and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in four fibrous forages (barley, oats, corn panca, quinoa panca) on ruminal fermentation in vivo and in vitro in sheep. For this, 4 male crossbred (whole) male sheep were used (Bar Diamond branded cannula, Parma, Idaho, USA) of 2 inches of internal diameter and 5 inches of external diameter). The animals were housed in individual cubicles and fed a diet based on barley that met the nutritional requirements, this diet was included exogenous fibrolytic enzymes and Saccharomyces cervisiae under the following doses or treatments: T1: 0% (enzymes or yeasts ), T2: diet with 0.2% enzymes, T3: diet with 0.09% yeast, T4: diet with 0.2% enzyme + 0.09% yeast. The ruminal functions evaluated were in vitro digestibility, kinetics of ruminal degradation in vivo and in vitro gas production. It was observed that the in vitro digestibility of MS and MO showed difference (P <0.05) between the treatments. In barley, greater digestibility index was obtained in treatments T4, and T3 (P = 0.0242 and 0.0204 respectively). In the oats in T2, and T4 (P = 0.0098 and 0.0060). In the corn pan in T1 and T4 (P = 0.0111 and 0.0128) and in the quinoa panca in T2 and T3 (P = 0.0061 and 0.0052). The production of in vitro gas in MS and MO shows statistical differences between rumen liquids. Obtaining as a result that in barley and corn pan the treatments that have less index of accumulated gas production ml / 0.5g MS fermentable (GV) is T1 and T4 (P = <.0001). However, in oats the most effective were T1 and T2 (P = <.0001) and finally in the quinoa pancake T1 (<.0001). In barley the treatments that have less production of methane gas (PM) is T2 and T1(P = <.0001). In oats T2, T3 and T4 (P = 0.0003). In the corn pan T3 and T4 (P = 0.0009) and in the quinoa panca T2 and T3 (<.00460).Item Influencia de enzimas exógenas O Saccharomyces cervisiae en dietas fibrosas sobre la fermentación ruminal y producción de gas in vitro en ovinos(2018) Razo Barrera, Jessica Yesenia; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos A.The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of the exogenous enzymes or Saccharomyces cerevisiae in fibrous forages over ruminal fermentation in ovines. The experiment was carry out in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences of the UTA. Two experiments were carried out, 1) 4 mixed-breed male animals with an average live weight of 30kg housed in metabolic cages and 2) 4 mixed-breed male ovines provided with a fistula with a cannula in the rumen (2 inches of internal diameter and 5 inches of external diameter). The animals were distribute randomly in a 4x4 Latin square design. The ovines were fed an integral diet based on barley stubble. Four treatments were evaluated; T1: control diet (without enzymes or yeasts), T2: diet with enzymes (2 mg / kg), T3: diet with yeasts (1.5 mg / kg) and T4: diet with enzymes and yeasts (2 mg / kg enzymes + 1.5 mg / kg yeast). Voluntary intake, pH, ammoniacal nitrogen production, VFAs, kinetics of ruminal degradation in situ and in vitro, gas production were determined. Voluntary nutrient intake showed no differences between treatments (P> 0.05). Voluntary consumption of digestible nutrients was higher for T1, T2 and T4. Digestibility was higher for T1, T2 and T4 in MS and MO, while for NDF and FDA it did not show differences between treatments P = (0.1035 and 0.2029). The in situ ruminal degradation of the MS was greater for T2, T3 and T4. Regarding in vitro gas and methane production, the lowest production observed was in T1, T2 and T4. Finally, the pH remained at an average of 7.3 - 7.6, which is favorable for enzymes and optimal for ruminal microorganisms; the ammonia nitrogen increased in the T2 and the production of VFAs did not show differences between treatments (P> 0.05). Under the conditions of this study it was concluded that the addition of exogenous enzymes to the diet favored food consumption, fiber digestibility, degradation and pH, thus creating an optimal environment for the development of ruminal microorganisms and therefore a better synthesis of the protein; resulting in a decrease in gas production at the rumen level.Item Evaluación de tres niveles de proteína de harina de sangre como dieta suplementaria en la etapa de crecimiento-engorde en cuyes (Cavia porcellus) de la Granja Producuy(2017) Barreros Chiluisa, Alexandra Elizabeth; Rosero Peñaherrera, MarcoThe present investigation was carried out in the La Primavera farm "Producuy Farm", located in the central Rumipamba district, in the Salcedo canton, in the province of Cotopaxi, between the geographic coordinates 78º 34 '55' West longitude and 01 01 '28 " South latitude, to the altitude of 2683 msnm (GPS global positioning system). Three doses of blood meal : T1 (2% blood meal), T2 (4% blood meal) and T3 (6% blood meal) were studied. In the statistical analyzes, no data were recorded with high significance, only in performance to the channel by the T3 · treatment, the same that numerically if it registers differences in weight gain with a mean of 180.74 gr, feed conversion of 3, 58, channel performance of 92.33% and cost-benefit ratio of $ 0.08 per dollar invested. The giving of blood meal as a dietary supplement in the guinea pig's diet, if it was able to represent the production numbers numerically, therefore, if it can be added in the studied dose of 6% of blood meal, since it managed to increase much more its Production in contrast to other treatments. Feeding blood meal together with fodder in the guinea-pig diet in the growing-fattening stage caused higher weights to a forage-only or common-balance diet, although statistically not relevant. On the other hand it was not counterproductive in the intake of this type of diet since it did not cause any mortality and it can be said that it is because of the great digestibility that the blood meal possesses.Item Efecto del consumo de dietas a base de residuos postcosecha de theobroma cacao sobre las funciones ruminales en bovinos(2017) León Andrade, Andrea Estefanía; Barros Rodríguez, MarcosThe objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of cocoa residue flour, incorporated in cannulated male adult bovine diets, on the main ruminal functions, for which three treatments, one control treatment (T0) a treatment with 15% cocoa residue flour (T1) and another with 30% cocoa residue flour (T2). The ruminal functions evaluated were: voluntary consumption, pH, ammonia nitrogen and VFA, kinetics of in situ ruminal degradation and gas production in vitro, parameters that showed a positive trend over treatment with 15% cocoa residue flour. In the analysis on voluntary consumption, T1 and T2 were the most accepted, and ruminal pH remained below 6, decreasing cellulolytic activity, but optimal for amylolytic ruminal microorganisms, which favors the degradation of non-structural carbohydrates and with this , the formation of propionic acid in the rumen; the results obtained in the D2 were possibly due to the unsaturated fat content of the cocoa residues, which influences the formation of energy through the propionic acid in the rumen, in terms of kinetics of the in situ degradability of Matter Dry matter and Organic matter, the highest degradation was obtained in the bulls fed with T1 and T2, in fraction A (soluble fraction / MS: P = 0.0100-MO: P = 0.0008), and the trend was maintained with respect to the hours of ruminal degradation, however, in the analysis of in vitro gas production, it was observed that T2 generates the lowest total gas production (P = <0,0001) on the incubated diets. It was concluded that adding to a balanced diet 15% of cocoa residue meal, generates an effective degradation on the nutrients consumed by the animal and also decreases the volume of production of greenhouse gases, optimizing the productivity of the animal, and which improves their nutrition by effectively degrading ingested foods and reducing their energy expenditure in the production of greenhouse gases.