Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación de dos hormonas en la producción de forraje verde hidropónico en Soya (Glycine max)(2025-02) Pico Fiallos Mariana Abigail; León Gordon Olguer AlfredoThe objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of two plant hormones, gibberellins and cytokinins, at different doses, on the production and nutritional content of hydroponic green forage (FVH) of soybean (Glycine max). An experimental design with five treatments (two hormones at four doses and a control) with three replications was used, measuring variables such as root mat height, plant height, fresh weight, dry matter, protein and fiber content. The hormones were applied at different doses (T1 of 0.05 g/L and T2 of 0.1 g/L (gibberellins) and T3 of 2.5 cc/L and T4 of 3.75 cc/L (cytokinins). The research showed that the application of gibberellins and cytokinins significantly improved plant growth (root mat height and plant height), but no significant differences were observed in the fresh weight of biomass. The conclusions of the study indicate that hormones are effective tools to improve the development and yield of FVH, especially in fresh weight and fiber content, although their impact on protein content should be further investigated because the protein percentage increases or decreases depending on the days the crop is old. It is recommended to prioritize the use of adequate doses according to the specific objectives, either to maximize biomass or to enrich specific characteristics such as fiber. Likewise, complementary studies are necessary to optimize the balance between quantity and nutritional quality in FVH. This research provides valuable information for small and medium-sized producers interested in improving FVH productivity in a sustainable and efficient manner.Item Evaluación bromatológica de Forraje Verde Hidropónico en dos variedades de Maíz (Zea mays), y Vicia (Vicia sativa)(2024-08) Camino Grijalva, César Alexander; León Gordon, Olguer AlfredoHydroponic green fodder (HGF) emerges as a sustainable alternative for the production of feed for cattle in arid and semi-arid areas. The demand for agricultural products has driven the introduction of agriculture and livestock in these fragile areas, which can cause environmental degradation. HGF is grown in an environment free of chemicals and growth promoters, using viable seeds and a soil-less method. Corn and vetch are two of the best crops for HGF. Hydroponic systems adapt to the local climate, allowing the cultivation of specific species and ensuring a constant supply of nutrient-rich feed for livestock. The objective of this research was to bromatologically evaluate hydroponic green fodder of corn and vetch. The performance of hydroponic production of the fodders was determined. The test was carried out in the Bellavista neighborhood, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. Therefore, the global positioning system (GPS) is located at an altitude of 2650 meters above sea level and in geographic coordinates: Latitude 1 ° 14′56 "South and longitude 78 ° 37′00" West. A design (BCA) with a 2x2 factorial arrangement with 3 repetitions was applied and the Tukey test was performed at 5%. The results obtained from the bromatological evaluation show that the common vetch variety species with the FVHB1 treatment reported a higher percentage of crude protein, dry matter and ash. On the other hand, with a higher percentage of ether extract, the yellow corn variety species with the FVHA1 treatment, likewise the FVHB2 treatment reported a higher percentage of crude fiber. The performance of hydroponic forage production. Common vetch (FVHB1) has a higher yield in the variable plant height with 29.33 cm as well as the variable root length with the FVHA2 treatment of 7.00 cm while, the highest yield in the variable final weight of the forage was the FVHA2 treatment with 3.60 kg which makes it a more attractive option for large-scale hydroponic production. KeywordsItem Evaluación de la producción de forraje verde hidropónico de cebada (Hordeum vulgare L.) con nutrición mineral(2024-02) Gavilanes Pérez, Abraham Ezequiel; León Gordon, Olguer AlfredoProduction of hydroponic forage is a relevant technology for obtaining high-quality forage in a short time. In the case of barley, it represents the fourth most cultivated cereal in the world, which makes it very important for global agriculture. The objective of this research was to determine the performance of hydroponic green barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) forage under two nutrient solutions. Each nutrient solution varied in the content of nutrients such as N, P, K, other secondary macro elements (Mg, S and Ca) and microelements. Was evaluated the effect on plant height, fresh weight and dry root and aerial part, incidence of contaminants and yield in fresh weight of the shoot were evaluated. The solution A, with the highest nutrient content (N: 147ppm, P: 76ppm, K: 225ppm Ca: 120ppm) produced the highest plant height (19.1 cm), mat thickness was also achieved. root (5.8 cm), fresh and dry weight of the aerial part (60.9 and 24.9 g, respectively) and fresh and dry weight of the root mat (147.7 and 77.3 g, respectively) and, finally, higher yield (13.9 kg/m2). There was no effect of the nutrient solution on the number of leaves, quality of the root mat, incidence of contaminants and days to harvest. This type of technology is little known in the country, however, given the high quality of the forage obtained hydroponically, it is suggested that socialization campaigns be carried out among producers in the region to show the feasibility of its production. Keywords: barley, green fodder, hydroponicsItem Producción y calidad nutritiva de avena (Arrenatherium elatius) de corte e hidropónica bajo el efecto de dosis de siembra y tiempo de cosecha(2022-03) Tubon Chicaiza, Andrea Aracelly; Núñez Torres, Oscar PatricioThe production of forages in a conventional way today has had a series of limitation saffecting the livestock area of small, medium and large producers, that is why in the present study it is the "Production and nutritional quality of oats (Arrenatherium elatius) of cutting and hydroponics under the effect of sowing dose and harvest time ”in which a 3x3x3 experimental design was used, where 3 treatments were carried outwith 3 repetitions with 3 sowing doses and harvest times in oats (Arrenatherium elatius). An analysis of variance (ADEVA) and the comparison of Turkey means at 5% were jointly carried out using the Infostat Statistical Software. The distribution ofthe treatments was as follows: T1 Cut oats (Control) with sowing dose (0.150, 0.200 and 0.250Kg / m2) and harvest time (45.60 and 75 days), T2 Greenhydropic forage with solution nutrient with sowing doses (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5Kg / m2) and harvest time (8, 12, 16 days) and T3 Hydroponic green forage without solution with sowingdoses (1.5, 3.0 and 4.5Kg / m2) and the harvest time (8, 12, 16 days). Where the study variables were the germination percentage, plant height, seed weight (biomass) and the final weight of hydroponic forage and cutting (yield). The conditions in which theT1 is developedfavored its morphological development, its yield was high in relationto the height, so the cutting time and the sowing quantity benefited it, in the same way,it showed greater advantagein the weight of the forage. The most prominent treatmentwas D1C3 (0.15 kg / m2 - 75 days)where the development time favored the amount of matter. While in hydroponic production with and without solution, there were no significant differences in the height of the plant, butin relation to weight, T2 showed a greater advantage to weight compared to T3, A others withrespect to the nutritionalvalue of oats ( Arrenathetium elatius) the most prominent values in protein, fat, and fiber in general is hydroponic oats, there are no significant differences between T2 andT3, however the variable fat percentage can be seen as an advantage in T2 with C1 (time of harvest 8 days). Finally, Q2 presented a better benefit / cost ratio for every dollar invested, 0.44 cents has been recovered. Thus, concluding that the production of hydroponic green forage under the effect of sowing doses and harvest times influenced the productive indices.Item Efecto de forraje de moringa, de semilla de sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) Y Acacia mearnsii en la fermentación y ecología microbiana ruminal(2021-08) Paucar Manjarres, Evelyn Katherine; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe effect of the inclusion of the seed of Sacha Inchi, forage of Moringa oleifera and Acacia mearnsii in the diet of sheep on fermentation and rumen microbial ecology was determined. The research was developed at the Querocha campus of the Universidad Tecnica de Ambato. Five treatments were evaluated: T1; (Moringa 40%- 60% fodder), T2; (sacha inchi 40%- fodder 60%), T3; (Acacia 40%- fodder 60%), T4; (Moringa 30%, Sacha inchi 30%, Acacia 30% y fodder 10%), under a Latin square design (5x5). The rumen degradation of the Dry Matter, Apparent digestibility of the Dry Matter and Production of gas, methane and carbon dioxide were evaluated. The soluble fraction (A) was higher (P = 0.0001) in the T2 treatment (41.2%), in the insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (B) no differences were observed between the evaluated treatments (P = 0.1602). The degradation rate in% per hour (c) was higher (P = 0.0001) in T1. The potential for A + B degradation was higher (P = 0.0006) in T2 (77.6%). The effective degradation at the different passage rates 0.02, 0.05 and 0.08 k was higher (P = 0.0001) in T1 (65.1, 56.8 and 52.3% respectively). DM digestibility was higher (P = 0.0001) in T5 (53.7). The production of gas, CH4 and CO2 was lower (P = 0.0001) in treatments T1 and T2. Holotric and Entodinomorphic protozoa populations at 12 hours did not show significant differences between treatments (P = 0.9438 and P = 0.1242 respectively). At 24 hours, the Holotric protozoa population was lower (P=0.0010) in T3 and T5. However, the population of Entodinomorphic protozoa did not show differences (P=0.1082) between treatments. Under the conditions of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Moringa oleifera, Plukenetia volubilis and Acacia mearnsii forage in the diet of ruminants, reduces the production of greenhouse gases and the population of rumen protozoa.Item Efecto de la fertilización orgánica sobre la calidad nutricional de Lolium multiflorum (RYEGRASS) en el cantón Cevallos(2017) Garcés Pico, Santiago Fernando; Pérez Salinas, Marco OswaldoThe objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritional quality of Lolium multiflorum (RYEGRASS) , fertilized with different organic fertilizers. Using a male bovine of about 120 kg. ruminal degradation in situ MS was determined., using the technique of the nylon bag in the rumen and digestibility. The results show that T4 corresponding to treatment Blend fertilizer has a yield of forage biomass greater than the other treatments (1101.1 kg DM / ha), crude protein T4 treatment corresponding to treatment mix fertilizers has the higher value than the other treatments (12.9). Acid detergent fiber takes its highest value in the treatment T2 corresponding to treatment of chicken manure and has the value of (35.65). Contrary to the results of the acid detergent fiber, the fiber neutral detergent has the highest value treatment T1 corresponding to the control (70.23), the potential for Degradation Ruminal Dry Matter, has the highest value in the treatment T2 corresponding to treatment of chicken manure (76.7), indicating that the more organic fertilizer nitrogenous contributed to growing Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) the greater the amount of acid detergent fiber result in the ruminal debrability is faster and can include in the diet of bovines improving rumen functions and reducing GHG emissions. Descriptors: organic fertilizers, biomass, nutritional quality, ruminal degradation, digestibility, fertilization, fodder, hens, sheep, pastures.Item Degradación ruminal de la materia seca y comportamiento productivo de ovinos consumiendo forraje de chenopodium quinoa(2016) Sánchez Gavilanes, Daniela Elizabeth; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe aim of this research was to determine the effect of the intake of residues post harvest of Chenopodium quinoa on the yield productive, apparent digestibility of DM, ruminal degradation of DM and in vitro gas production in sheep. The experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Sciences Agricultural - UTA, using two groups of sheep creole males, the first group of 12 sheep, with an age of 6 months and a weight average of 20. 88±1. 04 Kg of LW, they went to measure yield results by direct method, recording controls of weights, both animals and their consumption of food, over a period of 75 days included 15 days of adaptation and apparent digestibility in vivo in metabolic cages method. A second group of 6 sheep older than 8 months, cannulated in the rumen and with an average weight of 28.88±1.04 Kg of LW, for dry matter (DM) degradation was determined using the technique described by Ørskov, et al. (1980) and finally in vitro gas production. The sheep was distributed randomly with two treatments T1: (95.8% P. clandestinum), T2: (75.8% P. clandestinum and 20% bran of C. quinoa). The voluntary intake for T2 was higher in 152 g DM/day (P = 0.0428) to T1. The voluntary intake by Kg PV0.75 showed no significant difference (P=0.1385) among treatments. Feed conversion was lower (P = 0.0178) in T2 to T1 (7:1 to 9:1 respectively). The weight gain between treatments showed significant, being higher T2 by 29,35 g/Kg DM difference. The apparent digestibility of the DM not showed differences (P = 0.2689) among the treatments. For in vitro gas production (ml/0.5 g fermentable DM) was lower in T2 (P = 0.0215) with respect to T1. Ruminal degradation parameters showed no differences between treatments (P > 0.05). The soluble fraction (a) showed differences (P < 0.05) between forage being the kikuyo the highest percentage (30%). Insoluble but potentially degradable fraction (b) shows differences (P < 0.05) between forage, where the highest percentage of degradation was kikuyo (57%). Regarding of the rate of degradation (c) as a percentage per hour showed no significant (P > 0.05) between forage. It can be concluded that fodder residues of (C quinoa) can be included by 20% in the diet of sheep for LW moderate gain, when using low quality as is the case with the Kikuyu grass (P. clandestinum); today is a basic and traditional diet in sheep production in the country. Key words: digestibility, gas production, in-vitro, in-situ, voluntary intake, sheep.Item Rendimiento de forraje de árboles, arbustos y preferencia de consumo en conejos(2016) Moya Patiño, Ericka Gissele; Barros Rodríguez, Marcos AntonioThe aim of this research was evaluate the yield of fodder biomass of trees and shrubs, as well as, the preference of fodder in rabbits. This research was conducted at the Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias-UTA. The forage yield, nutritional value, secondary compounds and preference of forage of: Malva sylvestris, Baccharis floribunda, Sparticum junceum, Ambrosia arborescens and Paraserianthes lophantha were determined. This research was conducted under a completely randomized design. The variables studied are analyzed by analysis of variance according to the design used. The yield of fodder biomass was higher (P = 0,0001) for M. sylvestris, A. arborescens and P. lophantha (459,2; 551,1; 682,6 gDM/plant respectively) compared with the other forages. The results of Phytochemical screening show that Malva sylvestris has slight concentration of saponins. P. lophantha showed high concentration of tannins, and S. junceum high presence of total phenols. The higher (P = 0,0001) preference of fodder was for M. sylvestris (18,44 gDM/day), followed by B. floribunda (8,6 gDM/day) and S. junceum (9,4 gDM/day) and the lowest preference for P. lophantha (3,8 gDM/day) and A. arborescens (3,7 gDM/day). It’s concluded that the bushes as M. sylvestris, B. floribunda and S. junceum can be used as feed for rabbits, for their high yield of forage biomass, protein content and low fiber values and secondary compounds.