Ciencias Agropecuarias
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Item Evaluación del efecto de fertilizantes foliares en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth)(2024-08) Morales Cunalata, Erika Marlene; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánIn Ecuador, the blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus Benth) is an important contributor to the national economy due to its high market demand, attributable to its nutritional value and profitability. In the present research, the effect of foliar fertilizers on the blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus Benth), located in the parish of El Rosario, Condorahua, was evaluated. The study factors were two types of foliar fertilizers (Terranova Ca-B-Zn and Nutramento Ca-BZn) and doses (2.0 cc/lt, 3.0 cc/lt and 4.0 cc/lt) in order to determine which treatment increases crop yield. The experimental design used was a completely randomized block design with a 2x3 factorial arrangement plus a control with three replications, and was tested by Tukey significance tests at 5% using the Infostad statistical program. The variables evaluated were fruit weight, fruit TSS, fruit firmness, fruit equatorial and polar diameter, number of flowers/branch, number of fruits/branch and yield per plant. The results showed that the foliar fertilizer Nutramento Ca-B-Zn, applied at a dose of 3.0 cc/lt (treatment F2D2) during the flowering stage, increased fruit weight (9.24 g), improved fruit firmness (1.83 kg/cm), as well as equatorial (2.27 cm) and polar (2.89 cm) diameter, achieving large and medium sized fruits. In addition, a greater number of flowers per branch and fruits per branch were observed in plants treated with Nutramento Ca-B-Zn at a dose of 4.0 cc/lt, with averages of 24.73 flowers/branch and 24.01 fruits/branch. The calculated yield was significantly higher with treatment F2D2 (Nutramento Ca-B-Zn at a dose of 3.0 cc/lt), reaching an average of 1.48 kg/plant compared to the other treatments. The concentration of total soluble solids in the fruit was also influenced by both the type of product and the dose applied, being notably higher in plants treated with Terranova Ca-B-Zn at a dose of 4.0 cc/lt, reaching a value of 10.56 °Brix. Based on these results, the use of the foliar fertilizer Nutramento Ca-B-Zn is recommended for the nutrition of blackberry plants, in order to obtain fruits of better quality and higher yield.Item Evaluación de diferentes abonos orgánicos en el cultivo de Mora (Rubus glaucus Benth)(2024-08) Masaquiza Solina, Blanca Elizabeth; Santana Mayorga, Rita CumandáThis study was conducted on the property of Mrs. Julia Solina, located in the Artezon village, part of the Pelileo canton. The objective was to evaluate the production of blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth) with the application of organic fertilizers. For the implementation of the trial, a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) was used with four treatments in three replications. The data were subjected to a Tukey significance test at 5%. The variables evaluated included the number of new shoots, the length of new shoots, the diameter of new shoots, fruit weight, and the number of flowers and inflorescences per branch. The products used corresponded to the treatments: T1 (pig manure), T2 (commercial compost), T3 (cow manure), and T4 (guinea pig manure), all applied at a dose of 2 kilograms per plant per square meter every 21 days. The Tukey multiple comparison test shows significant differences between treatments. T4 (cow) with an average of 17.67 new shoots and T1 (pig) are in the same group with 18.33 (A), indicating no significant differences between them. T3 (guinea pig) is in a different group (B) with a value of 14.67, and T2 (compost) is in another group (C) with 13.44, indicating significant differences from the other treatments. Similarly, regarding the length of new shoots, it can be observed that the treatments with cow manure (T4) and guinea pig manure (T3) show the highest average shoot lengths, with 22.96 cm and 22.59 cm, respectively, compared to the treatments with pig manure (T1) and compost (T2), which show shorter lengths of 19.47 cm and 17.92 cm, respectively. The analysis of variance for the variable length of new shoots taken 30 days after the first application shows a significant difference between treatments with a p-value of 0.1712 and a coefficient of variation of 13.12%. For the length of new shoots 30 days after the first application, the data obtained indicate no statistically significant differences between the treatments regarding the diameter of new shoots, as all treatments fall within the same significance range (A). Although treatments T4 (cow) and T1 (pig) show a slightly larger average diameter (0.05) compared to treatments T3 (guinea pig) and T2 (compost) (0.04), these differences are not large enough to be considered statistically significant. Regarding yield, the classification of all treatments in the "A" range suggests that there are no significant differences in yield per plant between the different treatments at the 5% significance level. This indicates that, although there are variations in the average values—T1 (pig) with a yield of 1725.67 Kg/Ha, T3 (cow) with 1204.33 Kg/Ha, T4 (compost) with 1152.33 Kg/Ha, and T2 (guinea pig) with 941.00 Kg/Ha these differences are not statistically significant.Item Evaluación de la productividad en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) mediante la aplicación de abonos orgánicos en Santa Rosa-Tungurahua(2023-03) Mazabanda Chicaiza, Erika Lizbeth; Pallo Paredes, Edwin LeonardoThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the productivity through the application of organic fertilizers in the cultivation of blackberry (Rubus Glaucus Benth) in the Santa Rosa parish, San Pablo Community, Ambato canton, Tungurahua province. For this research, the application of four organic fertilizers was carried out: chicken manure, sheep, guinea pig and E-EMAPA biosolids, at a dose of (5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) for each of the treatments. For the analysis of results, a randomized complete block design was used with a 4x2+1 factorial arrangement, with three repetitions. The data obtained were analyzed by means of ADEVA and the Tukey test at 5%. According to the field test and the statistical analysis, it was possible to determine that the highest results were: for the shoots per plant variable, the best treatment was A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 7.56 shoots/plant; for the variable inflorescences per plant, treatment A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 21.00 inflorescences/plant; for the fruit per plant variable, treatment A4B1 (Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average of 15.56 fruit/plant; for the variable content of soluble solids, the treatment A1B1 (Manure chicken manure at a dose of (5 t/ha) with an average of 7.24 content of soluble solids (°Brix); for the variable yield per plant, the treatment A4B1 ( Sludge from the E-EMAPA Wastewater Treatment Plant at a dose of 5t/ha) with an average yield of 74.86 grams per plant, therefore, a minimum production increase of 20% is evident when applying the E-EMAPA biosolids in the blackberry crop.Item Evaluación de macerados acuosos, en el enraizamiento de estacas de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth)(2023-03) Hualpa Medina, Marco Sebastián; Dobronski Arcos, Jorge EnriqueThis work was carried out in the Querochaca Experimental Teaching Farm of the Technical University of Ambato located in the Cevallos canton, Tungurahua province, and in the Yanahurco parish that is located in the Mocha canton belonging to Tungurahua, with the purpose of evaluating aqueous macerates. , in the rooting of blackberry cuttings (Rubus glaucus Benth). The treatments were developed in doses of (10%, 20%, 40%), including a control, obtained from germinated seeds of corn (Zea mays) and peas (Pisium sativum). The project was managed with a completely randomized experimental design (DBCA) without factorial arrangement, performing three repetitions. When carrying out the analysis of variance in the blackberry cuttings, it was recognized that significant differences in the variables weight, length and root volume exist which shows us that the aqueous extracts evaluated are not statistically similar in relation to the control, as results found in the root weight of the blackberry stakes, the best extract was 40% pea with an average of 0.51 gr, with a difference to the control that resulted in an average of 0.01 gr; on the other hand, the result of the root length was 5.07 cm, unlike the control with 0.87 cm; In addition, the result of the root volume with results superior to the other extracts should be mentioned, it is the average of 1.69 cm3 and in relation to the control with a result of 0.14 cm3.Item Diagnóstico del uso de plaguicidas químicos en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth), en el cantón Tisaleo provincia de Tungurahua, su relación con el medio ambiente y la salud humana(2022-09) Soria Miniguano, Daysi Selena; Valle Velastegui, Edgar LucianoFor farmers, it is essential to use pesticides that include insecticides, fungicides, acaricides, nematicides that serve to eliminate pests and diseases that affect the yield of the blackberry cultivation it is essential since without them they fear having great economic losses, herbicides are also known as pesticides and are used to remove weeds. Farmers are known to make applications of the above products with varying frequency that depends either on economic or technical aspects based on the counseling provided by an agricultural engineer, hence the need to seek information on the connection that these practices have on the environment and human health, for which a descriptive and explanatory investigation was followed through surveys that were carried out on farmers dedicated to the cultivation of blackberries from Santa. Lucia Center, San Francisco, San Luis and San Diego, hamlets belonging to the Tisaleo canton province of Tungurahua. The survey covers important topics that provide the necessary information to understand the management given to the blackberry cultivation and especially before the buy and storage, knowledge about the application and contamination of chemical pesticides as well as the symptoms. The survey covers important topics that provide the necessary information to understand the management given to the blackberry cultivation and especially before the purchase and storage, knowledge about the application and contamination of chemical pesticides as well as the symptoms. It can be evidence that there is a certain lack of knowledge regarding the care and protection that they must have to use this type of chemical products, which have a toxicological category and information on the care that must be taken when handling them, all this data is found on the labels that are not read by some of the respondents, in addition, the way in which the products are disposed of is inadequate, among other aspects, this is due to the lack of updated information and that the training is not they are frequent or scarce, it is proposed to implement the use of organic pesticides that go hand in hand with chemicals to contribute to good phytosanitary control practices and reduce in a certain way the excessive use of chemical products.Item Evaluación de yodo agrícola como biofortificante en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth)(2022-09) Garcés Montero, Carmen Marisol; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánCrop biofortification is an alternative to improve production and the food chain for humans because food is ingested and mineralized elements come from fruits, vegetables, as well as products from animals. In this way, by increasing the mineral value of iodine from a conventional crop, it is a significant option to solve the deficient intake of iodine that causes disorders such as TDI and thyroid disorders. The blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) is a fruit consumed nationally and produced in the Sierra region, which is why in this investigation the application of 0.5 L in drench and foliar approximately with three different doses of agricultural iodine was evaluated. Three applications were made with intervals of 14 days and the results were obtained after 51 days. The average value of 4,372 inflorescences per plant was significant when applying a dose of 2 cm³/L of agricultural iodine in drench, likewise, in foliar application and drench with the same dose, the continuous weight increase of the fruits with values of 1199 and 1095 g respectively. The postharvest of the fruits was evaluated in days, the drench treatments at doses of 2 and 3 cm³/L obtained superior results with an average of 3.33 days. The Brix index was evaluated, but the results showed that agricultural iodine does not produce a change. On the other hand, the content of chlorophyll in the blackberry leaves was significantly positive with a difference of 1,676 µg/g when applying 2 cm³/L of agricultural iodine in drench between the treatment and the control. And finally, diseases such as Botrytis and Oidio sp. They commonly affect this crop by reducing its production. When applying agricultural iodine, the lowest percentage of infection was in BotrytisItem Evaluación de fungicidas para el control de oidio (Oidium sp.) en mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) utilizando el método de termonebulización en Pelileo(2022-09) Ati Tamayo, Juan David; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThe blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) are currently being affected by a very harmful fungus, known as cenicille, oidio, or powdery mildew (Oidium sp). This fungus, has caused great losses to farmers, especially in the flower production, and therefor in the number of fruits, and the reduction in the photosinthetic area. Whose symptoms are reflected in growth retardation, yellowing plants with coiled shoots, especially in young leaves, in addition to dammage its quality due to a deficiency in fruit setting and filling. This research is based on the control of this pathogen with two fungicides el Topas (Penconazole 25%EC) and Novak (Metil tiofanato 50%SC) with doses of 0,5 y 1 cc/ l, using the thermo-fogging method on the control of Oidium sp. in blackberry (R. glaucus Benth) crops. Operates on a randomized complete block split plot design with a 22 + 1 factorial arrangement with three replications, adding a total of 15 experimental units. The variables evaluated are: incidence and severity of oidium sp on the leaves of production branches. Statistically, it is determined that the product with the best control is Topas (Penconazole 25% EC) at dose of 1cc/l, in this research they present lower values in incidence and severity. The thermal fogging application method is highly effective for the control of Oidium sp, it increase considerably the effectiveness and efficiency the active ingredient of the fungicide, by evenly spreading the product in micro drops that achieve greater coverageItem Evaluación de tres productos alternativos para control de oídio (Oídium sp.) en el cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) en la parroquia de Huachi Grande(2022-03) Villacis Zamora, Adriana Soraya; Villacis, Luis AlfredoThe test was carried out in the building of Mr. Celio Pérez, located in the Huachi Grande Parish, in the Nueva Vida neighborhood, Ambato Canton, Tungurahua Province, at an altitude of 2,997 meters above sea level, with the following geographic coordinates: 01 ° 6'31 ´ South latitude and 78°32´11´ West longitude, with the aim of controlling powdery mildew (Oidium sp.) in blackberry (Rubus glaucus Benth) cultivation through the application of three alternative products. A Randomized Complete Block Design (DBCA) was obtained, with a hierarchical analysis of 3x2 factors, with three repetitions and an absolute control. Tukey's significance tests were performed at 5%. The variables studied were weight, fruit color, percentage of incidence and severity. The products used were Ozone (P1), Oidium Guard (P2) and MR 15 (P3). The product MR 15 (P3) at a dose of 2,5 cc/l (D2), obtained the best results due to the decrease in incidence and severity, presenting the following values of incidence of 9% and severity of 10,33%. The control presented an increase because he did not undergo any treatment. From the economic analysis carried out, it is concluded that the P2D1 treatment (Oidio Guard product, 0,25 cc/l), presented the highest net benefit of $10,9 dollars, being the most profitable treatment, from the economic point of view for the producer.Item Diagnóstico de la situación actual del cultivo de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) en la parroquia Huambaló del cantón Pelileo provincia del Tungurahua(2021-09) Aldaz Meneces, José Miguel; Zurita Vásquez, José HernánThis research focused on the diagnosis of the current situation of the blackberry crop (Rubus glaucus Benth) in the parish Huambaló, to carry out this work surveys were applied to farmers in order to collect the necessary information for research, the questions they were asked were related to their crops. Through the survey it was possible to know that the management by the farmers is mostly acceptable, being very responsible in terms of maintenance; but unfortunately the problems that the farmers had were external and in many occasions they were out of their hands. Among these problems we can mention the following: the poor distribution of irrigation water, the lack of support from the state, the lack of control of fruit prices by the authorities, the absence of a collection center for the fruit that would allow the farmers to have some extra options to sell their product, among others. As we could observe the problems suffered by the blackberry farmers are more linked to the neglect of the relevant authorities; in the same way it is also recommended some alternatives to try to fix these problems such as: the construction of a collection center, that the distribution of irrigation water is done by the provincial council or other state agency, training and delivery of agricultural inputs by the authorities, control in the prices of the buckets. Likewise, through this research it was possible to know some data on the cultivation of blackberry that unfortunately was not previously available, among these we can mention that the parish Huambaló has 192937.5 m2 (19.29 hectares) of cultivated area, while the production yield per hectare of the parish reaches 0.74 tons per hectare per week. The production of blackberry in the parish has been growing over the years, therefore, from our point of view, the authorities should provide better support to farmers in order to improve management and therefore increase the amount of blackberry produced.Item Evaluación del efecto de fertilizante órgano-mineral en un cultivo establecido de mora (Rubus glaucus Benth) en el cantón Ambato provincia de Tungurahua(2021-09) Núñez Castro, Jonathan Marcelo; Dobronski Arcos, JorgeThe present investigation was developed in the Caserío Luz de América located in the Montalvo parish, Ambato canton of the Tungurahua province; which is located 13 km south west of the city at 2900 meters. above sea level. The purpose was to determine the effect of the organihum flower organo-mineral fertilizer on the quality and firmness of blackberry fruits in an established four-year crop; In addition, the dose and frequency of application of the fertilizer were established. that allows to increase the quality and firmness of the blackberry fruits, as well as the physical and chemical parameters in blackberry fruits after the application of the fertilizer. An experimental design of blocks selected at random was used, with a factorial arrangement of 3x 3 + 1, with three repetitions. An analysis of variance (ADEVA) was carried out, significance tests to which the data on the size variable were subjected, where the significant differences between the control and all the treatments were observed. It was found that the best treatment is D3F1 with a dose of 4.0 ml / L and a frequency of 8 days since 2.73 cm was obtained and the least favored is the D3F2 treatment with a dose of 4.0 ml / L and a frequency of 15 days with 2.28 cm, considering that the result of T is 2.2 cm Regarding the application of the organihum flower organo-mineral fertilizer, it is evident that the ideal frequency for fresh dough is 30 days; While for firmness the appropriate frequency is every 15 days, this is how this application showed positive results since there is a larger size in the blackberry, the pH improves significantly and the firmness increased considerably so that the duration of the product and its productivity will be greater, thanks to the amino acids, boron and molybdenum that stimulate the proper development of the blackberry.