Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial

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    Riesgo por carga mental en el personal de producción de la empresa “Ralomtex” ubicada en la ciudad de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-08) Sailema Cushpa, Alex Santiago; Ureña Aguirre, Jeanette del Pilar
    Mental workload in the work environment is a determining factor that affects both the well-being of workers and business productivity. This study focuses on analyzing the mental workload in the production personnel of the textile company "RALOMTEX". Using a mixed methodology between a literature review and a detailed field study, recognized tools such as the NASA-TLX method, the ERGOS method and the Cooper-Harper Scale were applied. These tools allowed us to accurately quantify the levels of stress and mental overload in employees, providing a solid basis for the analysis. The results indicate that time demand is the main risk factor, affecting 21.3% of the staff, followed by frustration level with 18.9% and effort with 17.3%. These findings are relevant for female and Overlock workers, who reported high levels of stress and mental fatigue. These critical factors require urgent intervention to improve both workers' mental health and production efficiency. The research concludes with the need to implement a comprehensive risk prevention program adapted to the textile sector, based on NC ISO 10075-2: 2009. This program seeks to mitigate individual and organizational risks, improve the work environment and reduce exposure to psychosocial factors. In addition, the study introduces innovations by integrating contextualized mental workload assessment tools to provide a robust framework for future research and preventive actions.
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    Riesgos ergonómicos en el personal administrativo de la Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-08) Cobo Mosquera, Paul Sebastián; López Arboleda, Jessica Paola
    The primary objective of the study conducted at the Faculty of Systems, Electronics, and Industrial Engineering of the Technical University of Ambato was to identify ergonomic risks among administrative staff. This study was initiated in response to the issue of musculoskeletal disorders affecting the productivity and well-being of the staff due to inadequate ergonomic conditions in the workplace. The applied methodology included a diagnosis of workstations, risk assessment using the ROSA method, and the proposal of a prevention program. This approach combined bibliographic and field research techniques, utilizing direct observations and tools such as surveys and interviews to collect data. The results indicated that 64% of the administrative staff face a high risk requiring intervention, while 22% are in a critical situation with very high risks demanding urgent action. Additionally, 14% of the workstations could benefit from minor adjustments. Based on these findings, it was concluded that it is imperative to implement a prevention program that includes adjustments to workstations, ergonomic training, and the incorporation of active breaks. This program not only addresses the identified risks but also promotes a safer work environment and raises awareness about the importance of ergonomics, thereby improving the health and productivity of the staff.
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    Redistribución de instalaciones bajo un enfoque ergonómico de los puestos de trabajo en el área de postcosecha de la empresa Flowers Gem
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2024-02) Guano Gutiérrez, Julio Andrés; Naranjo Chiriboga, Israel Ernesto
    La industria de las flores es una de las más fuertes a nivel mundial, ya que, en América Latina, las ventas representan aproximadamente el 30% del total mundial, lo que la convierte en la segunda región exportadora de flores, razón por la cual en la presente investigación se expone como, la empresa Flowers GEM busca implementar estrategias para mejorar la competitividad empresarial, una de estas es la adecuada gestión de áreas de trabajo, por lo que, actualmente se ha identificado que la disposición de las áreas de trabajo es inapropiada y no permite un trabajo continuo entre procesos, lo cual genera diversos riesgos ergonómicos como son movimientos repetitivos, posturas de trabajo forzadas, puestos de trabajo con iluminación insuficiente, entre otros que generan cuellos de botella y retrasos en la cadena productiva. Por lo que, se ha planteado el presente estudio, cuyo propósito principal es proponer una redistribución de instalaciones con estudios ergonómicos de los puestos de trabajo en el área de postcosecha de la empresa Flowers GEM, bajo la metodología denominada Proyecto de investigación, la cual permitió aprovechar los conocimientos adquiridos durante la carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, la investigación fue de campo donde se realizó la recopilación de información mediante la observación y de tipo bibliográfico-documental, ya que consistió en la búsqueda de información en fuentes de relevancia científica. Donde se implementó una metodología PRISMA y para la aplicación de los instrumentos se consideró el área de postcosecha, la cual cuenta con 5 trabajadores. Tras la ejecución de la investigación, se desarrolló una propuesta de redistribución de instalaciones que incluye el diseño de estaciones de trabajo y análisis de los movimientos y posturas. Dicha propuesta fue analizada por medio de FlexSim: 3D Simulation Modeling and Analysis Software; los resultados del modelo con un nivel de precisión del 95,5%, permiten incrementar la capacidad de 836 a 900 cajas procesadas al mes y disminuir la distancia de recorrido de 39,61 metros a 33,95 metros, lo que presenta un ahorro mensual de $68,91 dólares para la empresa.
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    Riesgo ergonómico derivado de la actividad manual en los operarios del departamento de producción de la empresa Reencauchadora de la Sierra, Caucho Sierra S.A.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2023-09) Chuncha Ashqui, Erika Carolina; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
    According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), musculoskeletal disorders account for 59% of all occupational diseases worldwide. One of the causes of this issue is ergonomic risks associated with forced postures, repetitive movements, manual lifting of loads, among other risk factors. Therefore, the research objective is to assess the ergonomic risk arising from manual activities among the workers in the production department of the company Reencauchadora de la Sierra, Caucho Sierra S.A. The research was of a descriptive nature, based on ergonomic assessment methods within a population of six (6) males, in the areas of reaming, banding, and vulcanization; the results determined that in the vulcanization area, two workers are exposed to a high level of risk (score 10) due to postural load, evaluated using the REBA method; in the reaming area, three workers are exposed to a moderate level of disergonomic risk (score 1.5) due to manual lifting of loads evaluated by the NIOSH method, and an unacceptable level of risk (score 22.5) for repetitive movements evaluated with the OCRA method; finally, in the buffing area, one worker has an unacceptable risk level (score 22.5) due to repetitive movements evaluated with the OCRA method. It is concluded that the studied workforce population is overexposed to disergonomic risks due to postural load, manual lifting of loads, and repetitive movements that could affect their health.
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    El confort postural y su relación con el desempeño laboral de los trabajadores del área de manufactura de la empresa textil “Ropa Infantil Ecuatoriana”.
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2023-03) Peña Simba, Joel Alejandro; Morales Perrazo, Luis Alberto
    Productivity in textile companies is directly influenced by human resource, which in turn is affected by working conditions in which they work, some of these conditions are the postures; therefore, this investigation objective is to relate postural risks with performance work level for operators at RIE company manufacturing area. The work was part of an applied investigation on a 22 operators population at manufacturing area, through a postural analysis with Rapid Upper Limb Assessment "RULA" method; While the work performance was analyzed through a study of times with timing back to zero, performance factor based on the Westinghouse system and supplements according to the recommended by OIT. Postural analysis results determined that 45.45% (10 workers) have a high risk level due to poor job design of the job and postural vices. Time study determined that the production capacity efficiency is not as expected, that is, less than 100%. Spearman's non-parametric test determined an inverse relationship level (-0,767) between the work performance and the positions adopted by the workers in their activities development, with a value of 0.010. Finally, it is concluded that work performance decreases as the level of postural risk increases; therefore, the investigated company must redesign its jobs.
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    Riesgos ergonómicos en los puestos de trabajo del personal del Sindicato de Choferes Profesionales “15 de agosto”
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera de Ingeniería Industrial, 2022-09) Salinas Acosta, Pamela Michelle; Tigre Ortega, Franklin
    Nowadays, the different work activities carried out by office workers have increased as well as the relevance of Occupational Health. The uncomfortable postures that workers maintain during their workday can be detrimental to the musculoskeletal system. Similarly, those who work in vehicles are also exposed to ergonomic risks due to forced and monotonous postures. These risk situations can cause pain, discomfort or injuries that can be mild or severe. Therefore, the present research work developed an evaluation of the level of ergonomic risk in each workstation of Sindicato de Choferes Profesionales "15 de Agosto". These evaluations were carried out using the ROSA Method for the office workstations, while the REBA Method was applied for the driving instructors, who work in the Institution's vehicles, and for the doorman. The result of these evaluations was that 100% of the office jobs require action as soon as possible. On the other hand, in the case of driving instructors, 66.67% of the risk level to which they are exposed is low, so that no action is required. While in only 16.66%, action is necessary, although not as soon as possible. Finally, for the janitor, the result was that action is necessary as soon as possible due to the fact that his risk level is high. Therefore, as a proposed solution, a program of active breaks was developed, which is recommended to be carried out at least twice per working day or every 2 hours. In addition, a proposal for the characteristics that office elements should have, their proper use and postures to be adopted by office workers. The guide to good postures in the vehicle details the location of the vehicle elements and the appropriate postures.
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    Las actividades bomberiles en los procesos operativos de atención prehospitalaria e incendios y su incidencia en los trastornos musculoesqueléticos a nivel de columna
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2019) Morocho Dután, Luis Armando; Tigre Ortega, Franklin Geovanny
    SUMMARY In the present research work an ergonomic study focused on the area of the column within the framework of the firefighting activities developed during the structural, forest fire and prehospital combat by the operational firefighters, begins with a significant analysis of the jobs through the development of the initial risk matrix, analysis of the main activities, collection of the weights of protective implements and equipment used in emergencies and analysis of the results of occupational examinations of the operating staff column having the notion of the present problems, then the present ergonomic risks of the activities that within the initial risk matrix have entered into the control parameters are analyzed, by means of the selection of international evaluation methods according to the risk, this is how the following: REBA for postu forced, MAC for cargo handling; which allows to evaluate and determine the level of risk of the evaluated activities; having a technical base of the level of affectation that the personnel perceives during the attention of emergencies, finally, there are control measures that allow to control the detected risk, being the main measures the following ones: generation of a muscle strengthening program of the spine, program of adequate feeding according to the level of metabolic requirement of the activities to be developed and finally accompanied by procedures of the main tasks that are carried out within the activities of combat of forest fires, structural and prehospital care.
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    Seguridad industrial en el proceso de sandblastig en los tanques de almacenamiento de GLP y la integridad de los trabajadores de la Cia. Causa
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2019) Parra Moreira, Vicente Paúl; Mariño Rivera, Christian José
    La presente investigación se realiza en el CÍA.LDTA. CAUSA, se fundamenta en un estudio de riesgos de Ruido y Ergonómicos. Como se conoce que la Seguridad Industrial tiene como objeto la prevención, mitigar riesgos, así como también la protección contra los accidentes que puedan causar daños a los trabajadores. Con el fin de precautelar la integridad de sus trabajadores, se identificó los riesgos más relevantes a través de la matriz de riesgos, GTC45 que prioriza los riesgos y permite identificar cuáles son los más críticos para de esta forma poder evaluarlos, para riesgos relacionados al ruido se trabajó en base a la normativa UNE-EN-ISO9612-2019, para los riesgos ergonómicos se trabaja con los métodos de evaluación del INSHT: RULA, REBA, OCRA y NIOSH. Los resultados del análisis muestran que el ruido en el puesto de trabajo sobrepasan los decibeles establecidos en la normativa, que los riesgos ergonómicos son altos y que deben ser rápidamente controlados. La propuesta basada en tomar medidas de control en el ruido y ergonomía a través de programas y procedimientos para prevenir, mitigar y controlar accidentes y enfermedades laborales.
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    Fiabilidad y validez de las evaluaciones posturales del sistema de evaluación ergonómico con el sensor Kinect V2
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Carrera Ingeniería Industrial en Procesos de Automatización, 2019-03) Santana Padilla, Rafael Iván; Mariño Rivera, Christian José
    Abstract. Postural evaluations are becoming a priority in a world where occu‐ pational diseases derivatives from ergonomic situations are progressively common with serious consequences. This document proposes a semi-automatic ergonomic evaluation system with Kinect V2, which use the RULA method. It makes possible the discovery of conditions with postural risk and reduces errors in the estimating the evaluators’ measurements due to lack of experience, exper‐ tise and handling of measurement instruments. Reducing the ergonomic evalua‐ tion time, compared to the direct postural evaluation method at a low cost. In a controlled environment, 30 participants with homogeneous characteristics are evaluated their postural work, using a direct method (goniometer) and a noninvasive (Kinect V2) method, to then compared the statistically results using the coefficient of correlation named Cohen’s Kappa and vagueness type A. The final RULA scores issued by the direct method of postural evaluation and the proposed system are correlated. The uncertainty results established in the angular meas‐ urements on the arm, forearm, wrist, trunk and neck were respectively (±0.36°, ±0.22°, ±0.59°, ±0.27° and ±0.28°). A Cohen’s Kappa correlation coefficient of 0.953 was obtained, which means an almost perfect correlation between the eval‐ uations of both systems.
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    Condiciones Ambientales y su incidencia con la fatiga laboral de los trabajadores en Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito
    (Universidad Técnica de Ambato. Facultad de Ingeniería en Sistemas, Electrónica e Industrial. Maestría en Seguridad e Higiene Industrial y Ambiental, 2019) Salazar Yánez, Hugo Oswaldo; Tigre Ortega, Franklin Geovanny
    EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Managers of operating and service companies in Latin America, analyze the environmental work conditions, and consider it as a non-important factor in the performance of their workers; without considering that there should be adequate environmental conditions that guarantee the satisfaction of their employees and avoid problems and occupational illnesses. The present research begins with the exploratory study of the problem validation which relates to the symptoms of occupational fatigue; to obtain this data, the survey of the Yoshitake questionnaire was applied; In addition to an analysis of occupational hazards was developed using the risk matrix of the National Institute of Safety and Hygene. In order to get the results of environmental conditions, the measurements of the main physical risks were used, all this information will be applied in the Saving and Credit Cooperatives. The results showed: the levels of lighting in workstations were deficient, those don’t comply with the technical standard; 30 workers have symptoms of visual fatigue. It is concluded that the environmental conditions cause fatigue in the workers. The proposal is based on the design of the lighting distribution through a visual control plan and active pauses in order to avoid the visual fatigue of the employees.